Crusading and Archaeology: Some Archaeological Approaches to the Crusades

Cover
Half Title
Series Information
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of contents
Figures
List of Tables
Preface
Acknowledgements
Abbreviations
Contributors
Introduction: Current research and approaches
	Archaeologies of the crusades
		1. The urban environment
		2. Rural settlements and domestic life
		3. Castles
		4. Ecclesiastical sites
		5. Warfare and battlefield archaeology
		6. Art
		7. Architecture
		8. Material culture: Ceramics, glass, and coins
		9. Health, death, and cemeteries
		10. Inscriptions
		11. Landscape
	This volume
	Concluding remarks
	Notes
1 The two sieges and the conquest of Montfort
	The siege of May 1266 (664 H.)
	The un-ratified treaty of 1268 (666 H)
	The occupation of the castle in 1271
	Dismantling of the castle
	The psychological importance of the occupation of Montfort on the Franks
	Notes
2 Revisiting the strange genesis of a technique: Radiocarbon dating of Frankish mortar
	Appendix: Casal des Plains (Arabic Yazur, Hebrew Azor)
	Notes
3 Convergences of interdisciplinary paths: The Hospitaller convent of San Giovanni di Prè in Genoa through historical and archa
	The double church
	The hospital
	The later history of the complex
	Notes
4 La redécouverte de deux châteaux de l’Hôpital en Haute-Provence: Manosque et Puimoisson exhumés par les sources écrites
	Un château hérité et profondément réaménagé: Manosque
		Aspect général: Plan et organes de défense
		Organisation des espaces
		Un chantier permanent
	Châteaux hospitaliers et architecture castrale au xiiie siècle
		Un château construit ex nihilo: Puimoisson
		Un renouvellement de l’architecture fortifiée
	Notes
5 A century and a half of crusader rule in the town and lordship of Arsur
	Current state of research
	Sources and methods
	Topography and development of the town of Arsur according to historical sources
	Historical foundations of the dominion
	Natural landscapes
	Early Islamic period
		Town
		Hinterland
	Crusader period
		Town
		Hinterland
	Mamluk period
		Town
		Hinterland
	Conclusion
	Notes
6 Bread for all: Double-chambered baking ovens in castles of the military orders; Le Crac des Chevaliers (Syria), Le Chastellet
	Le Crac des Chevaliers (Qalʿat al- Ḥuṣn, Syria)
	Le Chastellet du Gué de Jacob (Vadum Jacob/Ateret/Bayt al-Aḥzan, Israel)
	Belvoir (Coquet/Kokhav ha-Yarden/Kawkab al-Hawā, Israel)
	Arsur (Apollonia-Arsuf, Israel)
	The use of the upper chambers
	The use of the lower chambers
	A short description of bread making
	Capacity of ovens and working surface
	Discussion: Double-chambered baking ovens
	Notes
7 Radiographie du Tombeau des Patriarches
	L’invention (1119)
	L’apport des récits de pèlerinages et autres témoignages postérieurs (1153–1660)
	Les données archéologiques (1923–1981)
	Prospection géophysique: Description des méthodes proposées
		Détection radar
		Mesure de la vitesse ultrasonore et de l’épaisseur dans un bloc de pierre par méthode échographique
	Notes
8 Gothic for all: From macro- to microarchitecture across religious boundaries in Lusignan and Venetian Cyprus
	Architecture and religious cohabitation in the urban centres of Europe and the Latin East: From synagogues and Protestant ...
	Gothic architecture for Greek cathedrals in Lusignan and Venetian Cyprus: a polyphony of approaches serving a common goal?
	Building up by scaling down: Gothic microarchitecture in Latin and Greek usage in Lusignan Cyprus
	The Gothic as inflected urban koine: Towards a contextual understanding of religious architecture in the Latin East
	Notes
9 Villehardouin’s castle of Grand Magne (Megali Maini): A re-assessment of the evidence for its location
	Introduction
	The Frankish conquest of the Peloponnese: Phase I
	The Byzantine Mani and the Melingoi
	The Frankish conquest of the Peloponnese: Phase II
	The evidence from the Chronicles of Morea for the location of Grand Magne
		Geography
		Other criteria
	Evidence from other historical sources for the location of Grand Magne
	Evidence from the castle lists for the location of Grand Magne
	Evidence from the Venetian chronicles and archives for the location of Grand Magne
	Evidence from travellers’ accounts for the location of Grand Magne
	Summary of evidence for the location of Grand Magne
	The main candidates for Grand Magne and their proponents
		Porto Kayio
		Kastro tis Orias
		Ano Poula
		Tigani
		Kelepha
	Assessment of candidates
	Other castles built by William II
	The case for Oitylo
	Oitylo as a fortification: The textual evidence
	Oitylo as a fortification: The archaeological evidence
	Oitylo as Grand Magne: The 1336 land grant
	Conclusions
	Notes
10 Civitas regis regvm omnivm: Inventing a royal seal in Jerusalem, 1100–1118
	Notes
11 Change or continuity? Rural settlement in Eastern Galilee at the time of the crusades: The Hospitaller estate of Belvoir
	The Hospitaller estate of Belvoir in the twelfth century
	Present state of the documentation
	Boundaries of the Hospitaller estate (1170–1187)
	A boundary stone from Danna?
	A general continuity of settlement
	Territorial structures and organisation
	Conclusion
	Appendix 1: Hospitallers casalia in the castellany of Belvoir
	Notes
12 Archaeothanatology, burials, and cemeteries: Perspectives for crusader archaeology
	Introduction
	An “archaeoanthropological” analysis of the cemeteries in the Latin East
	A demonstration of archaeothanatological analysis: The grave S2SP8 in ‘Atlit cemetery
	An example of archaeoanthropological analysis: Area 2 of ‘Atlit cemetery
	Future perspectives for the research on the cemetery of ‘Atlit and funerary spaces of the Latin East
	Notes
13 Overlooked ordnance: Artillery projectiles of the crusader period
	Component remains
	Terminology and technology
	Projectiles in context
	Projectiles out of context
	Contemporary European projectiles
	Flat spots
	Impact signatures
	Conclusion
	Notes
14 The inscriptions of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: New corpus and perspectives
	Review and methodology for a new corpus
	A case study or how to make an inscription speak
	History of the transmission
	Graphic description and transcription
	Material and typology of inscription
	The formulas
	Conclusion: New perspectives
	Notes
15 Ascalon, a landscape of conflicts: Some landscape archaeology perspectives on conflicts from the days of the Latin ...
	Introduction
	Ascalon as a combat zone during the Kingdom of Jerusalem4
	Main methodological issues
	Landscape archeology and battlefield archeology as tools for reconstructing historical events
	The battlefield
	The road system and the co-axial field systems
	The Battle of Ascalon (1099)
	Siege systems
	Notes
16 The castle chapel of Arsur: New evidence for its location and architecture
	Introduction
	Location and geological background
	Timeline of construction
	The castle’s outer walls
	The architectural plan of the western tower
	Building materials
		Sandstone
		Beach rock
		Limestone
		Marble
	Castle chapel plan
	Building elements
		Rib vault fragments
		Oculus
		Jamb capital
	Conclusion
	Notes
Index