Cruel compassion : psychiatric control of society's unwanted

Preface......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 13
Contents......Page 14
The Hazards of Helping And Being Helped......Page 15
The Ambiguity of Aid......Page 16
Is Compassion (Necessarily) a Virtue?......Page 17
Justifying Coercion by Compassion......Page 18
The Case Against Compassion......Page 19
Valuing and Disvaluing Persons......Page 20
The Human Condition And The Problem of Dependency......Page 23
Psychiatry: Solution for The Problem of Adult Dependency......Page 24
Part One: Storing The Unwanted......Page 26
A Brief History of Poor Relief......Page 27
The Invention and Interpretation of Indigence......Page 28
Poor-Relief and The Perception of Poverty......Page 30
The Market Economy and Its Outcasts......Page 31
The Criminalization and Decriminalization of Poverty......Page 32
The Workhouse: The Emblem of Secular Poor Relief......Page 34
The Merging of Indigence and Insanity......Page 37
The Pauper: Criminal, Client, Patient......Page 38
2. The Debtor......Page 39
The Creditor: Benefactor of Malefactor?......Page 40
The Bible, The Clan, and The Crime of Usury......Page 41
Calvin, Capitalism, and Contract......Page 43
Imprisonment for Debt......Page 45
Criticism of the "Abuse" of Debtor's Prison......Page 47
The Demise of Debtor's Prison......Page 48
The Debtor's Prison in America......Page 50
The Abuse of Bankrupcy: Caveat Creditor......Page 51
The Civil Law as Quasi-Criminal Sanction......Page 52
A Brief Hisotry of Epilepsy......Page 55
The Physician and Epilepsy......Page 56
The Treatment of Epilepsy......Page 58
A Brief History of American Epileptic Colonies......Page 59
The Medico-Legal Rationalization for Epileptic Colonies......Page 61
Eugenics: Theory, Ideology, Politics......Page 63
Sterilizing the (Female) Epileptic......Page 64
Epilepsy, Schizophrenia, And Shock Treatment......Page 65
Iatrogenic Epilepsy as Psychiatric Treatment......Page 66
The Epileptic Colony In Hindsight......Page 68
The Myth of The Dangerous Epileptic......Page 69
Contemporary Reassessments......Page 70
The Unlearned Lesson of Epilepsy......Page 73
4. The Child......Page 75
A Historical Glimpse at Child Abuse......Page 76
Oblation: Committing the Child to the Church......Page 77
Child Abandonment: The Church as Depository......Page 78
Child Psychiatry......Page 79
The Child as Mental Patient......Page 80
The Mentally Ill Child: The Metaphor of Development......Page 81
Child Psychoanalysis......Page 83
The Orphanage and Other Precursors of The Children's Madhouse......Page 84
The Children's Madhouse......Page 85
The Trade in Child Lunacy......Page 87
The Boom in Madhousing Children......Page 88
The Child Psychiatrist And Suicide......Page 91
Why Is Suicide Among Children Increasing......Page 92
In Re Gault......Page 94
Child Psychiatry Is Child Abuse......Page 95
Power Corrupts: The Bettelheim Scandal......Page 96
Identifying The Problem of Homelessness......Page 98
Homemaking as a Learned Skill......Page 99
A House Is Not a Home......Page 102
Homelessness As Phenomenon And As Social Problem......Page 103
Defining Homelessness And Identifying The Homeless......Page 104
Homelessness And The Politics of Housing......Page 105
The Turf War of the Homeless......Page 106
Homelessness, Housing, And Drugs......Page 109
The War on Drugs as a War on Housing......Page 110
Part Two: The Political Economy Of Psychiatry......Page 112
6. The Origin Of Psychiatry......Page 113
The Origin of The Madhouse......Page 114
Insanity as an Infantilizing Illness......Page 115
The Self Divided Against Itself......Page 117
Madness, Malady, and Morality......Page 118
The Clergyman as Mad-Doctor......Page 120
The Private Madhouse: A "Home" for Paying Guests......Page 121
Pioneer Critics of The Practice of Madhousing......Page 123
Daniel Defoe......Page 124
Anton Chekhov......Page 125
English Literature And The Origin of Mad-Doctoring......Page 126
Are Shakespeare's Tragic Heroes mad?......Page 127
Jonathan Swift: "A House for Fools and Mad"......Page 130
Economics, Psychiatry, And Human Behavior......Page 133
Controlling Behavior: Coercion and Cooperation......Page 135
Psychiatry, Parens Patriae, And Statism......Page 136
The Contradiction Between The Market and Psychiatry......Page 137
Private Property and Individual Liberty......Page 138
Liberty, Political Philosophy, And Psychiatry......Page 139
Who Is Fit For The Market And Freedom?......Page 140
John Stuart Mill and Sir James Fitzjames Stephen......Page 141
Are Insane Adults Like Infants?......Page 143
Infancy, Insanity, And Incompetence......Page 144
Two Threats To Liberty: Tyranny And Therapy......Page 145
Ascribing Nonresponsibility as a Threat to Liberty......Page 146
The Competent Adult: Client, Patient, or Citizen?......Page 147
Society And Dependency......Page 150
Disease, Disability, Dependency, and Productivity......Page 151
The Life Cycle, Dependency, And Psychiatry......Page 153
The Useless Young Adult: Schizophrenia......Page 155
The Useless Old Person: Depression......Page 157
Envy, Equality, and The State......Page 158
9. The New Psychiatric Deal......Page 160
Laying The Ground For Deinstitutionalization......Page 161
World War II: Psychiatry Gains Medical Legitimacy......Page 162
The Psychoanalytic Interlude......Page 164
The Incompatibility of Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis......Page 166
Psychiatry Between The End of The War and 1960......Page 168
A Camelot for Psychatric Quackery......Page 169
The Government Enters The Psychiatric Scene......Page 170
Medicare, Medicaid, SSI, and Mental Health......Page 173
Mental Illness and The SSI Program......Page 175
Better Psychiatric Living Trhough Chemistry......Page 176
The Myth of Deinstitutionalization......Page 179
Diagnosis by Domicile......Page 180
The Nursing Home as Madhouse......Page 181
The Prison as Madhouse......Page 182
The Rebirth of The "Private" Madhouse System......Page 184
The General Hospital becomes a Mental Hospital......Page 185
A Critical Analysis of Psychiatric Privatization......Page 187
A Paradigmatic Case History......Page 189
Torrey's Panacea: Coercion......Page 190
What Does The Destitute Mental Patient Want?......Page 192
Putting Ourselves in the Patient's Shoes......Page 193
"Please Let Me Come Back!"......Page 194
"I Will Make You Take Me Back!"......Page 195
Deinstitutionalization: Its Mythic History......Page 197
The Policy of Drugging and Deinsitutionalization......Page 198
Helpful Drugs, Harmful Critics......Page 199
"The Man Who Brought You Deinstitutionalization"......Page 200
Still, The Cure Is Coercion......Page 202
Rediscovering the Psychiatric Plantation......Page 203
Psychiatry: When Change Is Synomymous With Reform......Page 204
The Cyclical Character of Psychiatric Abuses and Reforms......Page 205
Psychiatric Reform, Soviet Style......Page 206
Nomen Est Omen......Page 207
Civil Law As An Instrument of Imprisonment......Page 208
Reform Versus Abolition......Page 209
Epilogue......Page 211
Rethinking The Justification For Depriving Individuals Of Liberty......Page 213
The Challenge: Care Without Coercion......Page 215
References......Page 216
Bibliography......Page 243
Name Index......Page 261
Subject Index......Page 265