Cross-Scale Coupling in Space Plasmas

Title Page
......Page 5
Copyright
......Page 6
CONTENTS......Page 7
PREFACE......Page 10
Can We Find Useful Algorithms for Anomalous Transport?
......Page 13
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 25
3. PROTON ANISOTROPY BOUND: OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE......Page 27
4. COOL PROTON ENERGY GAIN: OUTER MAGNETOSPHERE......Page 30
REFERENCES......Page 31
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 34
3. CORRELATION OF VELOCITY SHEAR WITH ION ENERGIZATION......Page 36
4.1 Meso Scale Dynamics......Page 37
4.2.1 W eak Shear RegimeWs< i......Page 38
4.2.2 Strong Shear Regime WS  fli......Page 40
4.2.3 Coupling of Meso amd Micro physics......Page 42
INTRODUCTION......Page 48
THREE-DIMENSIONAL HOT PLASMA MODEL AND HOT PLASMA IMAGING......Page 49
Recovery Of Hot Plasma Ion Flux......Page 50
Recovery of Hot Plasma Ion Flux......Page 52
PAD RESULTS......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 57
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 58
2. APPLICATION OF FOKKER-PLANCK THEORY  IN KINETIC SIMULATIONS......Page 59
3. COLLISIONAL RELAXATION IN THE ABSENCE OF TRANSPORT......Page 60
4. COLLISIONAL RELAXATION WITH TRANSPORT......Page 65
4.1. Ion Outflow through the Transition Region......Page 66
4.2. Refilling of Depleted Flux Tubes......Page 68
REFERENCES......Page 70
1.2. Scales in Turbulent Flows......Page 72
2.1 Hierarchy of Turbulence Models......Page 73
2.2 Turbulence Models in Gas Dynamics......Page 75
2.4.Current Status of Turbulence Modeling in Gas Dynamics......Page 77
3. MODELING OF PLASMA TURBULENCE......Page 78
REFERENCES......Page 79
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 81
2.2. Regional Particle Simulations......Page 82
2.3.Global 2-D Two-Fluid Simulations......Page 85
3. 3-D TWO-FLUID GLOBAL SIMULATIONS......Page 87
4. SUMMARY......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 90
INTRODUCTION......Page 91
SHARP-BOUNDARY MODEL OF THE IEDD INSTABILITY MECHANISM......Page 92
PROPERTIES OF THE MULTIPLE ROOTS......Page 93
DISCUSSION......Page 94
REFERENCES......Page 95
INTRODUCTION......Page 96
ROLE OF ALFVEN WAVES IN THE ACCELERATION OF AURORAL PRIMARY ELECTRONS......Page 97
THE SOURCE OF FREE ENERGY FOR AURORAL KILOMETRIC RADIATION......Page 99
ACCELERATION MECHANISMS FOR SUPRATHERMAL ELECTRON BURSTS......Page 101
CONCLUSIONS......Page 102
REFERENCES......Page 103
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 105
2. MODEL......Page 106
3. RESULTS......Page 107
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 112
2. RESULTS......Page 113
3. DISCUSSION......Page 116
REFERENCES......Page 117
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 118
3. MICROSCALE PHYSICS: THREE EXAMPLES OF WAVE-ION EVENTS......Page 119
REFERENCES......Page 126
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
3. CALCULATIONS......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 132
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 134
2. CONVECTION REVERSAL BOUNDARY AND THE FORMATION OF OBLIQUE DOUBLE LAYERS......Page 135
4. SUBSTORM DIPOLARIZATION......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 139
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 140
2. MOTIVATION......Page 141
4. CALCULATED HEAT FLUXES......Page 142
6. DISCUSSION......Page 144
REFERENCES......Page 145
INTRODUCTION......Page 147
MODEL AND RESULTS......Page 148
APPENDIX I......Page 153
APPENDIX II......Page 154
APPENDIX III......Page 155
REFERENCES......Page 156
2. TWO EXAMPLES OF MULTISCALE PHENOMENA......Page 157
4. REFERENCES......Page 160
INTRODUCTION......Page 161
DATA AND MODEL......Page 162
Direct Heating of Thermal Ions......Page 163
DISCUSSION......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
INTRODUCTION......Page 167
COULOMB COLLISION EFFECTS ON THE ENERGETICS......Page 168
RING CURRENT HEATING OF THE PLASMASPHERE......Page 171
PLASMASPHERIC RESPONSE TO THE HEATING FROM RING CURRENT......Page 172
REFERENCES......Page 176
2. MODEL DESCRIPTION......Page 178
3. RESULTS......Page 179
REFERENCES......Page 180
INTRODUCTION......Page 181
RESULTS......Page 182
REFERENCES......Page 184
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 185
3. MODELING RESULTS......Page 186
4. IONOSPHERIC-PLASMASPHERIC ENERGY DEPOSITION......Page 191
REFERENCES......Page 193
2. OCCURRENCE DISTRIBUTIONS......Page 196
3.1. Compressions and EMIC Waves......Page 197
3.2. EMIC Waves in the Magneto sheath......Page 198
4. LOW ENERGY IONS......Page 200
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 202
MESOSCALE PHENOMENA OF THE MIDDLE AND INNER MAGNETOSPHERES......Page 204
PLASMA TRANSPORT IN THE MIDDLE MAGNETOSPHERE......Page 207
COUPLING TO THE IONOSPHERE......Page 210
REFERENCES......Page 213
2. RESULTS......Page 215
REFERENCES......Page 218
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 220
2. QUASI-PERPENDICULAR SHOCKS AND MIRROR WAVES/LION ROARS IN THE MAGNETOSHEATH......Page 222
3. SLOW MODE WAVE STRUCTURES IN FRONTOF THE DAYSIDE MAGNETOPAUSE......Page 223
4. MAGNETIC RECONNECTION......Page 224
5. ANOMALOUS TRANSPORT ACROSS THEMAGNETOPAUSE......Page 227
6. IMPULSIVE PENETRATION......Page 229
REFERENCES......Page 232
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 234
3. STRUCTURES......Page 236
4. WAVES......Page 240
5. FTE VERSUS SURFACE WAVE......Page 242
REFERENCES......Page 244
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 248
2. QUASILINEAR PARTICLE DIFFUSION......Page 249
3. BOUNDARY LAYER THICKNESS......Page 250
REFERENCES......Page 251
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 253
2. HYBRID SIMULATIONS OF THE DAY SIDE RECONNECTION LAYER......Page 254
3. STRUCTURE OF THE RECONNECTION LAYER AT THE FLANK OF THE MAGNETOPAUSE......Page 255
4. RECONNECTION LAYER IN THE DISTANT MAGNETOTAIL......Page 256
5. SUMMARY......Page 257
REFERENCES......Page 258
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 259
3. OBSERVATIONAL FEATURES OF CURRENT DISRUPTIONS......Page 260
4. A PLAUSIBLE THEORY FOR CURRENT DISRUPTIONS......Page 269
5. COUPLING FROM A LOCAL SCALE TO A GLOBAL SCALE......Page 270
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 272
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 273
2. BASIC EQUATIONS AND APPROXIMATIONS......Page 274
4. UNSTABLE EVOLUTION OF ISOTROPIC MODELS......Page 277
5. EFFECTS OF ANISOTROPY AND ISOTROPIZATION......Page 279
6. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 282
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 284
2. PARTICLE DYNAMICS......Page 285
3. PARTICLE DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS......Page 288
4. EQUILIBRIUM CURRENT SHEET STRUCTURE......Page 289
5. NONLOCAL EFFECTS ON THE INCOM1NG PLASMA DISTRIBUTION......Page 290
6.EFFECTS OF REMOTE PROCESSES ON THE CURRENT SHEET......Page 291
7. SUMMARY......Page 293
REFERENCES......Page 294
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 296
2. THE DISSIPATION REGION......Page 297
4. THE OUTFLOW REGIONS......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 302