Crop Safeners for Herbicides: Development, Uses, and Mechanisms of Action

 Content: Front Cover; Crop Safeners for Herbicides: Development, Uses, and Mechanisms of Action; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Contributors; Preface; Part One: Development and Uses of Herbicide Safeners; Chapter 1. Development of Herbicide Safeners: Industrial and University Perspectives; I. Introduction and Terminology; II. Need for Herbicide Safeners; III. Development of Herbicide Safeners; IV. Application of Herbicide Safeners in the Field; V. Factors Affecting Field Performance of Herbicide Safeners; VI. Residues and Adverse Effects of Herbicide Safeners; VII. Concluding Remarks. AcknowledgmentsReferences; Chapter 2. Crop Safening against Herbicides in Japan; I. Introduction; II. Improvements of Herbicide Formulations for Crop Safening; III. Structural Modification of Herbicides for Crop Safening; IV. Use of Crop Safener/Herbicide Combinations in Japan; V. Concluding Remarks; References; Part Two: Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms of Action of Herbicide Safeners; Chapter 3. Mechanisms of Action of Herbicide Safeners: An Overview; I. Introduction; II. Mechanisms of Safener Action: Fundamentals. III. Mechanisms of Safener Action: Physiological and Biochemical AspectsIV. Mechanisms of Safener Action: Molecular Aspects; V. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 4. Influence of Herbicide Safeners on Herbicide Metabolism; I. Introduction; II. Metabolism of Thiocarbamate Herbicides in Plants; III. Effect of Safeners on Thiocarbamate Metabolism; IV. Metabolism of Chloroacetanilide Herbicides in Plants; V. Effect of Safeners on Chloroacetanilide Metabolism; VI. Discussion; References. Chapter 5. Effects of Herbicide Safeners on Levels and Activity of Cytochrome P-450 and Other Enzymes of CornI. Introduction; II. Cytochrome P-450 Levels and Activity; III. Cellular Thiols and Glutathione-Related Enzymes; IV. Other Selected Enzymes; V. Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 6. Mechanisms of Action of Dichloroacetamide Safeners; I. Introduction; II. Theories on the Mode of Action of Dichlormid; III. Subtoxic Herbicide Pretreatments; IV. Studies with the Safener BAS 145 138; V. Discussion and Concluding Remarks; References; Chapter 7. Mechanisms of Action of Thiazole Safeners. I. IntroductionII. Results and Discussion; III. Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References; Chapter 8. Differential Effects of Oxabetrinil and Fenclorim against Metolachlor and Pretilachlor Injury on Various Grasses; I. Introduction; II. Effect of Safeners on Herbicidal Activity; III. Physiological Interactions of Acetanilide Herbicides and Their Safeners in Plants; IV. Influence of Safeners on Herbicide Uptake; V. Influence of Oxabetrinil and Fenclorim on the Depletion Rate of [14C]Metolachlor in Four Grasses; VI. Discussion and Concluding Remarks; Acknowledgments; References.
 Abstract:             Crop Safeners for Herbicides