Critical Incident Stress And Trauma In The Workplace: Recognition... Response... Recovery

Front Cover
Critical Incident Stress and Trauma in the Workplace
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Dedication
Preface
List of Figures
1.
Understanding Stress and Stress Management
	General Concepts of Stress
	Biological Relationships
	Stress in Life
	Stress Management
2. Critical Incident Stress (CIS)
	Crisis, Trauma, Disaster
	Understanding Critical Incident Stress (CIS)
		Definition
		Release
		Multi-casualty
		Single Victim Incident
		Signs and Symptoms
	Reaction and Time Delay
		Acute
		Delayed
		Cumulative or Gradual CIS
3.
Description of "At Risk" Occupations
	Effects of Stress
	Factors Affecting Risk
		Intervention
		Immediacy
		Intensity
		Instability
		Information
		Imperilment
		Isolation
		Public Approval
	Characteristics of Individuals in Helping Professions
4.
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
	Determinants of PTSD
	Relationship of CIS to PTSD
	Case Examples of PTSD in Clinical Practice
		Case 1
		Case 2
	Dynamics Involved with PTSD
		Case 3
	Summary
5.
Dynamics and Definitions Involved with Different Types of Crises
	Situational Factors Affecting Extent
		Warning
		Nature of the Crisis
		Severity of the Crisis
		Physical Proximity
	Personal Factors Affecting Individuals Responses
		Psychological Proximity
		Coping Skills
		Concurrent Stressors
		Role Conflict/Overload
		Previous Experience
		Age
		Temporal Proximity
	Trauma Recovery Phases
		Phase 1: Pre-impact Phase
		Phase 2: Impact Phase
		Phase 3: Post Impact Phase
		Summary of Trauma Recovery Phases
	Stages in Dying and Death Experience
		Denial Stage
		Bargaining Stage
		Anger Stage
		Depression Stage
		Acceptance Stage
	Normality of Trauma Reaction
6. Critical Incident Stress Response (CISR): Strategies and Interventions to Deal with CIS
	Policies, Procedures, Programs (The Three Ps)
		For the Department/Agency on an Ongoing Basis
		As Ongoing Strategies for the Individual ESP
		At the Time of a Critical Incident
		If an Individual is Experiencing Symptoms of CIS
7. Reactions of Others
	Openness Versus Closure with Family Members
	Spouse/Significant Other Becomes the Victim
	Debriefing Staff and Their Families
	Esp Work and Potential Affect on the Family
	Time Plus Professional Assistance Needed
		Primary Level
		Secondary Level
		Tertiary Level
8.
Trauma and Crisis in the Workplace
	Examples of Crises and/or Trauma Situations
	Trauma in the Workplace
		Layoffs, Downsizing, and Other Transition Crises
		Managers' Vulnerability
		Prescription for Resolution
		Coping with Transition
	Communication is the Key to Trust
9. Guidelines for Conducting Debriefings (and other types of
interventions)
	Timing of a Debriefing
	Pre-intervention Planning
	Post-intervention Discussion
	Components of a Formal Debriefing
		Introduction
		"Painting the Picture" Phase
		Reaction Phase
		Education Phase
		Follow-up Phase
		Other Components of the Debriefing
	Other Types of Interventions
		For Injury or Death
		For Victimization by Violent Crime
		For Serious Illness or Death of Coworker
		For Employees Involved in a Robbery
		For Employees Involved in a Corporate Restructwing
	Note to Employee Assistance Professionals
	The Difference Between a CIS/T Response and Other Mental Health Interventions
10.
Crises in School Settings
	Suicide among Adolescents
	Categories of Self-harming Behavior
		Self-harming Gesture
		Physical Mutilation
		Self-destructive Behavior
		Suicide Attempt
	School Protocol
	Protocol for Death or Suicide
	Summary
Bibliography
Index
About the Author
Abbreviations