Critical Ethology and Post-Anthropocentric Ethics: Beyond the Separation between Humanities and Life Sciences

Introduction
	References
Contents
Part I Towards a Critical Re-Foundation of Cultural Studies
1 From the Darwinian to the Ethological Revolutions: An Ongoing Process
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Darwinian Revolutions and Their Emancipatory Effects
	1.3 Social Darwinism as a “Conservative Revolution”
	1.4 Tort’s Interpretation of the Second Darwinian Revolution
	1.5 The Debate Between Genetic and Environmental Determinisms and the Birth of Classical Ethology
	1.6 Eibesfeldt and the Deterministic Approach of the First Human Ethology
	1.7 Darwin’s Darwinism Reconsidered Today
	References
2 From Evolutionary Epistemology to an Extended Evolutionary Synthesis
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 The Meeting Between Lorenz and Baumgarten and the Project of a “Darwinian” Re-formulation of the Kantian Apriorism
	2.3 Toward a “Natural History of Human Knowledge”
	2.4 The Project of an “Integrated Theory” of Evolution
	2.5 The EE and the Debate on Similarities and Differences Between Natural and Social Selection
	2.6 Riedl’s “Constructivist Turn”
	2.7 The Concept of “Body Plan” Today
	2.8 The Project of an Extended Synthesis
	2.9 Towards a Post-Genocentric Conception of Human Behaviour and Social Evolution
	2.10 Genealogical Perspectivism: Towards an Ethological Conception of Knowledge
	References
3 Interspecific Cultural Studies and Numanities: The Comparative Study of Animal Traditions Beyond the Separation Between Humanities and Life Sciences
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 From the Discovery of Animal Cultures to Contemporary Cultural Ethology
	3.3 Behaviour and Cultural Innovations as Driving Forces of Animal Evolution
	3.4 Interspecific Cultural Studies (ICS) and Numanities
	3.5 Interspecific Cultural Convergences (ICC): A New Object and Project of Study
	3.6 ICC: The Case of Singing
	References
Part II Knowledge, Subjectivity, and Intelligence in Non-Human Animals
4 Animal Learning: An Epistemological Problem
	4.1 Premise
	4.2 The Debate on the Animal Mind
	4.3 The Analytical Approach in the Explanation of Learning
	4.4 The Dichotomy Between Innate and Learned
	4.5 Critique of the Behaviourist Model
	4.6 Learning and the Species Dimension
	4.7 The Cognitive Approach to Learning
	4.8 Reviewing the Explanatory Framework
	4.9 In Conclusion
	References
5 The Obscure Object of Animal Subjectivity
	5.1 Premise
	5.2 The Ownership Principle
	5.3 The Desiring Principle
	5.4 The Sentience Principle
	5.5 To Conclude
	References
6 Intus-Legere: Knowledge as an Actualization Process
	6.1 Premise
	6.2 Knowledge as an Expression of Being-a-Body
	6.3 The Somatic Multilayer of Knowledge
	6.4 Cognitive Plurality in the Animal World
	6.5 Dialogical Epistemology and Layers of Reality
	6.6 Layers of Reality as Aspects of Virtuality
	6.7 In Conclusion
	References
Part III Ethical Dilemmas Beyond the Borders of Species
7 Contributions of Ethology to the Birth of a Post-Anthropocentric Ethics
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Modernity and “The Animal”
	7.3 The Discovery of “Anthropoid” and “Anthropomorphous” Cultures and the Fight for Their Survival
	7.4 From the Evidence of Animal Pain to the Discovery of the Animal “You”: A Journey That Has Just Begun
	7.5 Cognitive Ethology and Anti-Speciesist Ethics: Two Revolutions in One
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8 A Re-evaluation of Animal Interests Starting from a Critique of Maslow’s Pyramid
	8.1 Premise
	8.2 The Desire of Self-Expression
	8.3 Reviewing the Concept of the Hierarchy of Needs
	References
9 Behavioural and Cultural Epigenetics: Social Biologisms Refuted by Developments in Biology
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 From the “Selfish Gene” to the “Altruistic” One: Moral Innatisms and Evolutionary Psychology
	9.3 Experience Creates Difference: Studies on Monozygotic Twins
	9.4 Experience Transfers Difference: Influences of Maternal Lifestyles and Parental Care on Descendants
	9.5 Trans-Generational Effects of Traumatic Experiences, Privations and Social Inequalities
	9.6 Conclusions
	References