Criminology: Explaining Crime and Its Context

Cover Page......Page 8
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 10
Part I: Foundations for Criminology......Page 18
1 Crime and Criminology......Page 20
Criminology as Science......Page 25
Ideology within Criminology......Page 26
The "Crime" in Criminology......Page 29
Paradigms in Criminology......Page 34
Policy and Criminology......Page 37
Summary......Page 38
The Concept of Law......Page 44
The Criminal Justice System......Page 66
Goals of Criminal Justice......Page 67
Summary......Page 71
3 Production of Crime Statistics......Page 76
Review of Elementary Research Methodology......Page 77
Comparison of UCR, SRD, and NCVS Data Sources......Page 106
History of Official Crime Statistics......Page 79
Description of the Uniform Crime Reports......Page 81
A New Look to the UCR: NIBRS–National Incident-Based Reporting System......Page 88
Alternative Measures of Crime......Page 92
Summary......Page 107
Volume of Crime: Uniform Crime Reports......Page 116
Volume of Crime: National Crime Victimization Survey......Page 121
Volume of Crime: Self-Report Studies......Page 123
Distribution of Crime by Gender......Page 125
Distribution of Crime by Age......Page 133
Distribution of Crime by Race......Page 136
Distribution of Crime by Social Class......Page 137
Victims of Crime......Page 140
Summary......Page 144
Part II: Theories of Crime......Page 150
5 Deterrence and Rational Choice Theories of Crime......Page 152
Preclassical Views of Crime......Page 153
The Classical School of Criminology......Page 156
Contemporary Deterrence Theory......Page 165
Conceptualizing Deterrence......Page 168
A Rational Choice Perspective......Page 188
How Rational Is Choice?......Page 194
Summary......Page 198
6 Biogenic and Psychogenic Theories of Crime......Page 210
Criminal Heredity: The Bad Seed Theory......Page 222
Contemporary Biological Perspectives......Page 224
Psychogenic Theories of Crime......Page 237
Psychoanalytic Theories......Page 238
Personality Theories......Page 240
Integrating Psychological Explanations......Page 244
Summary......Page 245
7 Social Structure Theories of Crime......Page 252
Strain Theories......Page 254
Assessing Strain Theories......Page 270
Policy Implications......Page 274
Social Ecology......Page 275
Summary......Page 282
8 Social Process Theories of Crime......Page 290
Learning Criminal Behavior......Page 291
Culture Conflict and Crime......Page 301
Social Control and Crime......Page 310
Summary......Page 327
9 Social Reaction Theories of Crime......Page 336
Labeling Theory......Page 338
Roots of Critical Criminology......Page 352
Summary......Page 368
10 Recent Developments in Criminological Theory......Page 374
Integrated Theoretical Models......Page 375
The Criminal Career Debate......Page 389
Developmental and Lifecourse Criminology......Page 393
Summary......Page 398
Part III: Types of Crime......Page 406
11 Violent Crime......Page 408
Index Crimes: Murder, Assault, and Rape......Page 410
Family Violence......Page 425
Corporate, Government, and Professional Violence......Page 429
Summary......Page 433
Acquisitiveness and Theft......Page 442
Social Conditions and Theft......Page 443
The Law of Theft......Page 444
Background of White-Collar Crime......Page 458
Forms of White-Collar Crime......Page 459
Other Characteristics of White-Collar Crime......Page 461
Crooked Corporations and Thieving Executives......Page 462
Criminological Theory and White-Collar Crime......Page 463
Summary......Page 464
Crimes without Victims......Page 470
Pornography......Page 471
Motorcycle Helmets......Page 472
Pros and Cons......Page 473
Physician-Assisted Suicide......Page 474
Prostitution—Sex Work......Page 476
Drug Offenses......Page 480
Victims without Crimes......Page 490
Cigarette Smoking......Page 491
Summary......Page 492
Appendix to Chapter 4......Page 500
Name Index......Page 502
Subject Index......Page 516
About the Authors......Page 544