Criminology The Core 7th Edition

Cover......Page 1
About the Author......Page 8
Brief Contents......Page 9
Contents......Page 11
Preface......Page 19
Chapter 1: Crime and Criminology......Page 28
What Criminologists Do: The Elements of Criminology......Page 30
A Brief History of Criminology......Page 34
Deviant or Criminal? How Criminologists Define Crime......Page 39
Criminology and the Criminal Law......Page 43
Criminology and Criminal Justice......Page 45
Ethical Issues in Criminology......Page 50
Summary......Page 52
Notes......Page 53
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime......Page 56
Primary Sources of Crime Data......Page 58
Crime Trends......Page 65
Crime Patterns......Page 74
Chronic Offenders/Criminal Careers......Page 81
Summary......Page 83
Notes......Page 84
Chapter 3: Victims and Victimization......Page 90
The Costs of Victimization......Page 92
The Nature of Victimization......Page 98
Theories of Victimization......Page 104
Caring for the Victim......Page 110
Summary......Page 117
Notes......Page 118
Chapter 4: Rational Choice Theory......Page 124
Development of Rational Choice Theory......Page 126
Concepts of Rational Choice......Page 127
Is Crime Truly Rational?......Page 132
Situational Crime Prevention......Page 136
General Deterrence......Page 140
Specific Deterrence......Page 145
Incapacitation......Page 146
Criminal Justice and Rational Choice Theory......Page 149
Summary......Page 151
Notes......Page 152
Chapter 5: Trait Theory......Page 158
Development of Trait Theory......Page 160
Contemporary Trait Theory......Page 161
Biological Trait Theories......Page 162
Psychological Trait View......Page 170
Personality and Crime......Page 176
Intelligence and Criminality......Page 180
Mental Disorders and Crime......Page 181
Evaluation of Trait Theory......Page 183
Social Policy and Trait Theory......Page 184
Summary......Page 186
Critical Thinking Questions......Page 187
Notes......Page 188
Chapter 6: Social Structure Theory......Page 196
Economic Structure and American Society......Page 198
Social Disorganization Theory......Page 203
Strain Theories......Page 212
Cultural Deviance Theory......Page 218
Social Structure Theory and Public Policy......Page 224
Summary......Page 227
Critical Thinking Questions......Page 228
Notes......Page 229
Chapter 7: Social Process Theory......Page 236
Institutions of Socialization......Page 239
Social Learning Theories......Page 244
Social Control Theory......Page 252
Social Reaction (Labeling) Theory......Page 256
Social Process Theory and Public Policy......Page 262
Summary......Page 264
Critical Thinking Questions......Page 265
Notes......Page 266
Chapter 8: Social Conflict, Critical Criminology, and Restorative Justice......Page 274
Origins of Critical Criminology......Page 276
How Critical Criminologists Define Crime......Page 279
How Critical Criminologists View the Cause of Crime......Page 280
Instrumental vs. Structural Theory......Page 287
Research on Critical Criminology......Page 289
Alternative Views of Critical Theory......Page 290
Critical Theory and Public Policy: Restorative Justice......Page 297
Summary......Page 303
Notes......Page 304
Chapter 9: Developmental Theories: Life Course, Propensity, and Trajectory......Page 310
Foundations of Developmental Theory......Page 312
Life Course Theory......Page 315
Latent Trait/Propensity Theory......Page 326
Trajectory Theory......Page 330
Public Policy Implications of Developmental Theory......Page 334
Summary......Page 335
Key Terms......Page 336
Notes......Page 337
Chapter 10: Violent Crime......Page 344
Causes of Violence......Page 346
Rape......Page 351
Murder and Homicide......Page 360
Assault and Battery......Page 371
Robbery......Page 373
Contemporary Forms of Interpersonal Violence......Page 376
Summary......Page 380
Key Terms......Page 381
Notes......Page 382
Chapter 11: Political Crime and Terrorism......Page 392
Political Crime......Page 395
Types of Political Crimes......Page 398
Terrorism......Page 404
A Brief History of Terrorism......Page 407
Contemporary Forms of Terrorism......Page 408
What Motivates the Terrorist?......Page 415
Extent of the Terrorism Threat......Page 418
Criminal Justice Response to Terrorism......Page 419
Summary......Page 425
Notes......Page 426
Chapter 12: Economic Crimes: Blue-Collar, White-Collar, and Green-Collar......Page 430
History of Economic Crimes......Page 432
Blue-Collar Crimes and Criminals......Page 434
White-Collar Crime......Page 441
Green-Collar Crime......Page 451
Theories of White-Collar and Green-Collar Crime......Page 457
Controlling White-Collar and Green-Collar Crime......Page 459
Summary......Page 462
Critical Thinking Questions......Page 463
Notes......Page 464
Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes......Page 470
Law and Morality......Page 472
The Theory of Social Harm......Page 474
Sex-Related Offenses......Page 476
Paraphilias......Page 477
Prostitution......Page 478
Pornography......Page 487
Substance Abuse......Page 490
Summary......Page 506
Notes......Page 507
Chapter 14: Crimes of the New Millennium: Cybercrime and Transnational Organized Crime......Page 514
Contemporary Cybercrime......Page 516
Cybertheft: Cybercrimes for Profit......Page 517
Cybervandalism: Cybercrime with Malicious Intent......Page 526
The Costs of Cybercrime......Page 533
Combating Cybercrime......Page 534
Cyberwar: Politically Motivated Cybercrime......Page 536
Transnational Organized Crime......Page 540
Summary......Page 549
Notes......Page 550
Glossary......Page 555
Name Index......Page 565
Subject Index......Page 579