Crime within the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice: A European Public Order

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 13
Abbreviations......Page 15
Introduction......Page 17
Introduction......Page 26
1. EU criminal justice – the legal and political frameworks......Page 27
2.1 Criminal justice in the AFSJ......Page 30
2.2 Decision-making and the wider institutional framework......Page 34
2.3 Methodologies and competences......Page 47
2.4 Evaluation......Page 54
3. Conclusions......Page 57
1. Introduction......Page 59
2. The international anti-corruption standards and their monitoring......Page 61
2.1. The anti-corruption dimension of international measures against money laundering......Page 68
3. The EU anti-corruption framework......Page 69
3.1. The EU mandate to fight corruption......Page 71
3.2. Existing instruments......Page 73
3.3. Cooperation between police and judicial authorities and the treatment of corruption......Page 78
3.4 The anti-corruption dimension of EU anti-money laundering measures......Page 82
3.5 Recent developments......Page 84
4. Conclusion: Assessment......Page 88
1. Introduction......Page 92
2. What is European criminal law?......Page 93
3. The EU’s anti-money laundering system summarised......Page 94
3.1 The financing of terrorism and the link with money laundering......Page 97
4. Risk-based approach to dirty money and terrorist financing......Page 101
4.1 Governing risk in the EU and its implications for the criminal law......Page 102
5. The ‘risky’ business of criminalisation – what kinds of ‘risk’ are we dealing with?......Page 105
5.1 Are the notions of risk and security different things?......Page 107
5.1.1 Is there room for the precautionary principle in EU criminal law?......Page 108
6. The changes brought by the Lisbon Treaty......Page 109
7. Conclusion......Page 112
1. Introduction......Page 113
2. EU competence to regulate money laundering......Page 114
3. The Regulatory Framework......Page 116
3.1.1. Public initiatives......Page 117
3.1.2. Private Initiatives......Page 118
3.2.1. The first AML Directive......Page 120
3.2.2. The second AML Directive......Page 123
3.2.3. The third AML Directive and the risk-based approach......Page 124
3.3. AML law implementation in the UK and Sweden......Page 126
3.3.1. Implementation in the UK......Page 127
3.3.2. Implementation in Sweden......Page 128
3.4. AML law enforcement in the UK and Sweden......Page 130
3.4.1. Law enforcement in the UK......Page 131
3.4.2. Law Enforcement in Sweden......Page 132
4.1. Collecting and sharing information......Page 133
4.1.1. Data protection and individual privacy rights......Page 134
4.1.2. Banking secrecy and client confidentiality......Page 136
4.3. Effectively combating money laundering and terrorism financing......Page 137
5.1. Private actor law-making......Page 139
5.3. Private actor law enforcement......Page 140
5.4. Towards a theory of legally accountable private actors?......Page 141
Introduction......Page 143
1.1 Terrorism seen through a national lens......Page 145
1.2 Law and policy – one European strategy to contain terrorism?......Page 148
1.3 Intelligence cooperation outside the EU legal framework – a defensible choice......Page 152
1.4 The role of the European Court of Justice......Page 154
2. Particularities of the European Fight against Terrorism......Page 162
2.1 Counter-terrorist sanctions against private individuals – the odd one out......Page 170
Conclusions......Page 173
1. Introduction......Page 175
2. The fight against organised crime in the European Union......Page 177
3. The definition of organised crime......Page 183
4. Investigation and prosecution and related issues......Page 193
5. Enlargement and the relationship between the EU and third countries......Page 200
6. Conclusion: whither organised crime today?......Page 206
1. Introduction......Page 208
2.1 Implementation of the principle of mutual recognition......Page 210
2.2 Abolition of the double criminality test......Page 214
2.3 Extradition of own nationals in Europe......Page 220
3.1 The absence of definitions in the list of offences......Page 226
3.2 Mutual recognition and mutual trust: the case of fundamental rights......Page 232
4. Conclusion......Page 237
8 The European Evidence Warrant: mutual recognition and mutual (dis)trust?......Page 240
1. Mutual Recognition and the Path to the European Evidence Warrant......Page 241
2. Legislating for a European Evidence Warrant......Page 245
2.1 General scheme......Page 247
2.2 The abolition of dual criminality......Page 248
2.3 Judicial control of evidence transfer......Page 250
3. European Warrants, Mutual Recognition and Mutual Trust......Page 252
3.1 Mutual recognition and mutual trust among judiciaries......Page 253
3.2 Minimum standards, harmonisation and national legislatures......Page 255
3.3 Enforcement-led cooperation: recognition despite distrust?......Page 258
3.4 Trust and the arguments against mutual recognition revisited......Page 259
5. The Future under the Stockholm Programme......Page 261
5. Conclusion......Page 264
1. Introduction......Page 265
2. Law and Order and Internal Security Provisions in the First Pillar......Page 267
3. Law and Order and Internal Security Provisions in the Third Pillar......Page 274
3.1 The first restriction within Article 35(5) TEU: actions of the police and law-enforcement services......Page 275
3.2 The second restriction within Article 35(5) TEU: law and order, internal security responsibilities......Page 278
4. Law and Order and Internal Security Provisions after the Lisbon Treaty......Page 279
5. Concluding Remarks......Page 285
1.1 The specific nature of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice......Page 288
1.2 The relation between the internal and external dimension of the AFSJ......Page 292
2. The Emergence of the External Dimension of the AFSJ......Page 294
2.1 The development of the external dimension of the AFSJ: the Tampere mandate......Page 295
2.2 The political impact of 9/11......Page 297
2.3 The Hague Programme and its implications......Page 299
2.4 The external dimension in the Stockholm Programme......Page 301
3.1.1 Differences between Title IV TEC and Title VI TEU (Pre-Lisbon)......Page 302
3.1.2 The conclusion of international agreements......Page 305
3.1.3 AFSJ agencies......Page 309
3.2 Current external competences in the AFSJ......Page 313
4. Concluding Observations......Page 315
Index......Page 317