Crime and Punishment in England: A Sourcebook

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
Introduction......Page 8
The Laws of Aethelbert2......Page 11
Compurgation......Page 12
Decree concerning hot iron and hot water ordeals5......Page 13
Ordeal by cold water......Page 14
Herman the Iron13......Page 15
1.3 Writs......Page 16
The Writ of Novel Disseisin18......Page 17
The Writ of Mort d’Ancestor19......Page 18
Plea of Novel Disseisin23......Page 19
Failed plea of Novel Disseisin......Page 20
A nuisance......Page 21
Unjust imprisonment......Page 22
Murder......Page 23
Trespass......Page 24
Wounding......Page 25
Assault and false imprisonment......Page 26
Tricking a thief into opting for trial by jury......Page 27
A man taken for a killing done in self-defence......Page 28
2.4 Sanctuary60......Page 29
2.5 A murder plea before the Trailbaston Commissioners at Lancaster, 130663......Page 30
2.7 Harbouring outlaws68......Page 31
A Murder in Newcastle, 1386......Page 32
Dispute leading to death, 1390......Page 33
Murder, 1410......Page 34
A convicted outlaw beheaded for leaving the King’s highway, 1322......Page 35
Trade debt......Page 36
2.12 The manor court rolls of Tooting Beck (Surrey, 1403)80......Page 37
View of frank pledge held there the day and year as above97......Page 40
How Harman came by his material2......Page 42
Harman’s list of the dangers to society from vagabondage......Page 43
A Hooker, or Angler, according to Harman......Page 44
A Counterfeit-Crank according to Harman10......Page 45
1.2 The case of Nicholas Jennings, London, 1566......Page 46
In High Law......Page 52
In Barnard’s Law......Page 53
The tale of the Suffolk shoemaker......Page 54
Introduction to cross-biting......Page 55
Deception......Page 57
Fornication......Page 58
2.2 London cases from Machyn’s Diary48......Page 59
A riding (1553/4)......Page 60
Bawd to daughter and maid (1560)......Page 61
Miscellaneous cases......Page 62
Conspiracy to murder (1555/6)......Page 63
Female poisoner (1560)......Page 64
Hangings (1561)......Page 65
2.3 The case of Lord Sturton......Page 66
2.4 A school for pickpockets, London, 158550......Page 67
3.2 Harrison on punishments and offenders under Elizabeth58......Page 68
Trial......Page 69
Varieties of crime and punishment......Page 70
Annoyers of the Commonwealth......Page 72
Proposed reforms......Page 73
Prostitution (Southampton, 1570)65......Page 74
Lewd slanders (Devizes, 1583)70......Page 75
Passing on a vagrant (Devizes: 1603)75......Page 76
Allegation of an assault, 158678......Page 77
Highway robbery., 158684......Page 78
A common nuisance and rogue, c. 1595/688......Page 79
Bailiff......Page 80
4.2 A selection of “criminal” cases brought before the court leet of Cannock & Rugeley (Staffs.)90......Page 81
5.1 Archibishop Grindal’s direction for penance91......Page 84
Rector failing to serve parish (19 December 1575)......Page 86
Preacher’s licence (6 May 1591)......Page 87
Puritan cleric (19 July 1603)......Page 88
Rector as lord of misrule (14 January 1596/7)......Page 89
Sexual offences of curate (12 April 1599)......Page 90
Paying the church assessment (18 January 1591)......Page 91
False claiming of witchcraft (30 October 1575)......Page 92
Attack on parson and sexton (18 November 1592)......Page 93
Dancing on a Sunday (11 January 1597/8)......Page 94
Eucharistic heresy (19 July 1603)......Page 95
Recusant refuses to attend church (12 July 1591)......Page 96
Recusancy of William Birde (the composer) (11 May 1605)......Page 97
Disorderly living (20 February 1593)......Page 98
Sorcery (12 April 1599)......Page 99
Females fighting (25 October 1603)......Page 100
A widow’s sexual incontinence (26 October 1591)......Page 101
Marriage mask (20 March 1593)......Page 102
Unseemly churching of woman (12 May 1602)......Page 103
Cuckoldry and marriage (3 July 1605)......Page 104
Water bailiffs, etc.......Page 105
1.2 Oxfordshire JP’s licence to keep a tippling house (1617)4......Page 106
1.3 Control of alehouse licensing (Taunton Assizes, March 1652)10......Page 107
1.4 Seventeen Articles put to Constables by the Oxfordshire JPs, 168711......Page 108
Bailiffs......Page 109
Charge......Page 110
Arraignment of the prisoners......Page 111
Countes......Page 112
Traverse jury......Page 113
2.1 The trial of Mervin Touchet, Lord Audley, Earl of Castlehaven, for a rape and sodomy, 163130......Page 114
Arraignment......Page 115
Lord Audley’s examination34......Page 116
The second examination under oath of Fitz-Patrick......Page 117
Then was read the examination of the young Lady Audley40......Page 118
The Earl’s defence......Page 119
2.2 The trial of Lawrence Fitz-Patrick and Giles Brodway at King’s Bench for a rape and sodomy41......Page 120
Fitz-Patrick......Page 121
Fitz-Patrick’s statement......Page 122
Brodway’s statement......Page 123
Orders......Page 125
Guilty......Page 126
Orders......Page 127
Guilty......Page 128
2.5 Calendar of prisoners in Oxford county gaol, April 168748......Page 129
2.6 Calendar of prisoners in Oxford county gaol, May 168749......Page 130
2.7 Calendar of prisoners in Oxford gaol October 168750......Page 132
2.8 A case of “wrecking”, 167751......Page 133
Piracy of a grounded vessel......Page 134
A catalogue of highway robberies in the early 1680s56......Page 135
Branding of beggars, 164564......Page 137
Imprisonment for failing to obey a bastardy order, 164870......Page 138
3.2 A remarkable prison escape (May 1655)71......Page 139
3.4 The state of York Castle prison, mid-seventeenth century76......Page 140
Letter from a York citizen to the Justice of Assize, August 1642......Page 141
3.5 Petition of Oxford prisoners for relief, 168778......Page 142
Note......Page 143
Letter from Sheriff Hunt to the Justices concerning a salary for a prison chaplain, 5 January 1655......Page 144
Sheriff Hunt’s note of the outcome of his appeal......Page 145
Introduction......Page 146
Sec. I Of too frequent and expensive diversions among the lower kind of people......Page 148
Sec. II Of drunkenness: a second consequence of luxury among the vulgar......Page 149
Sec. III Of gaming among the vulgar......Page 150
Sec. IV Of laws that relate to provision for the poor......Page 151
Sec. V Of the punishment of receivers of stolen goods......Page 152
Sec. VI Of laws relating to vagabonds......Page 153
Sec. VII Of apprehending the persons of felons......Page 155
Sec. XI Of the manner of execution......Page 156
nd punishing persons keeping disorderly houses, 175218 (Extracts) .........Page 160
1.3 An Act for the preventing of the horrid crime of murder, 175221 (Extracts)......Page 161
1.5 Government funding leads to successful crime-busting, 175324......Page 162
The County of Chester......Page 165
2.1 London crime statistics30......Page 166
2.3 A child-murderer of a child, 174832......Page 167
2.4 Sussex smugglers’ murder of customs officials, 174833......Page 169
Saturday 1 July......Page 173
The deposition of Thomas Munn, beadle of the Duchy of Lancaster......Page 174
Deposition of Saunders Welch, gentleman, high constable of Holborn Division......Page 175
2.7 Raid on London gaming-house, 175246......Page 177
2.9 A gang of hackney-coachmen robbers, 177548......Page 178
2.10 The forgery of bank notes, 177749......Page 179
2.12 Another case of a woman passing herself off as a man, 179651......Page 180
3.1 Dangers of the pillory, 175252......Page 181
3.3 The state of prisons in the early 1770s54......Page 182
Section I General view of distress in prisons55......Page 183
Section II Bad customs in prisons56......Page 187
Section V A particular account of English prisons......Page 189
1 Destitution and Crime, 18911......Page 194
2 Men and Women Compared, 18734......Page 197
3.1 London Youth Gangs, 18195......Page 200
4 Burglars and Burgling, 189410......Page 205
5 Garotting, 186211......Page 206
6.2 Dolly Shops......Page 209
7 Poaching, 183317......Page 211
8 Whitechapel Murders, 188823......Page 213
9.1 Macclesfield, 1829......Page 216
9.3 Stockport, 1832......Page 217
9.5 Stockport, 1828......Page 218
9.8 Stockport, 1871......Page 219
10.1 Abraham Wrigley—examined by Blackburne35......Page 220
10.2 William Hutton—examined by Serjeant Hullock36......Page 222
11 Riots at Bristol, 183138......Page 223
12 Vagrancy in the Nineteenth Century......Page 225
12.1 Beggars, 181440......Page 226
Clause Three [Idle and Disorderly Persons]......Page 227
Clause Four [Rogues and Vagabonds]......Page 228
12.3 Vagrancy and Youth in Chester, 184042......Page 229
12.4 Vagrancy and Frequent Offenders in Knutsford, 186043......Page 230
1 Traditional Policing, 18061......Page 231
2 London Police, 18122......Page 232
3 Calls for Police Reform, 18283......Page 233
4 Rural Policing, 18356......Page 235
5 The Cheshire Police Acts, 1829–527......Page 236
6 Police Reform, 1852–38......Page 239
7 Police Violence, 1829, 1831 and 1843......Page 241
7.1 Incident in Pimlico, 182910......Page 242
7.2 Alleged murder by one of the new police11......Page 243
8 The Growth of the Metropolitan Police, 1856–70......Page 245
8.1 The Metropolitan Police, 185614......Page 246
8.2 The Growing Duties of the Metropolitan Police, 187016......Page 248
9 Police Charge Book, 186817......Page 250
10  Chief Constable’s Report, Staffordshire, 186518......Page 253
11 Chief Constable’s Orders, 1858–7020......Page 255
12.1 Raids on Prize-fighters, etc.......Page 256
12.2 Promotion and Favouritism......Page 258
13.1 Thieftaking, 185022......Page 259
13.2 Metropolitan Detectives, 185623......Page 260
13.3 British and European Detectives Compared, 188324......Page 261
13.4 Identifying Suspects, 189425......Page 262
1.1 William Paley, 18301......Page 264
1.2 The Inefficiency of Simply Penal Legislation, 18572......Page 266
2 Rural Magistrates, 18364......Page 268
3 Societies for the Prosecution of Felons, 18325......Page 269
4 Paying for Prosecutions, 18366......Page 270
6 Judge’s Correspondence with the King, 18198......Page 271
6.1 Northern Circuit, 1819......Page 272
6.3 Clemency for a horse-thief, Ely, 1819......Page 273
6.4 Juveniles and Philanthropy in Somerset, 1819......Page 274
7 The Justice of the Peace, 18379......Page 275
8.1 Letter from James Barrington, July 1857......Page 276
8.4 Extract of letter from Richard Davies, July 1865......Page 277
d glasses from the shops of Mary Kirkham, Harriett Allmark and Samuel Lloyd at Chester Quarter Sessions] .........Page 278
f stealing a watch from John Evans at Chester Quarter Sessions] .........Page 279
tailor) and W.Bradshaw (25, tailor) were accused of robbing Robert Duncan (collier) of a razor and some money at Chester Quarter Sessions, October 1871. Each of the defendants had several previous convictions.] .........Page 280
9 Low Attorneys, 185413......Page 281
10.2 Cannock......Page 282
10.5 Burton-on-Trent......Page 283
10.6 Stone......Page 284
10.8 Hanley......Page 285
10.10 Tunstall......Page 286
11 The Old Bailey, 186219......Page 287
12 The Law Courts, 189121......Page 289
13 Reform of the Police Courts, 190823......Page 292
14 Magistrates and the Poor, 190325......Page 294
1 Gloucester Prison, 18191......Page 297
2 New South Wales Government and General Orders, 18142......Page 299
3 Female Convicts, 18295......Page 303
4 Crime and Transportation, 18386......Page 304
5 A Day on Board the Defence Hulk, 186210......Page 307
6 Execution for Arson, Lincoln, 183113......Page 309
7 The Last Public Execution, 186814......Page 310
8.1 Huntingdon County Gaol Journal 1833–415......Page 313
8.2 It is Never Too Late to Mend, 185316......Page 315
8.3 Stafford Gaol17......Page 316
9 Pentonville, 184818......Page 318
10.1 Police Justice—The Luxury of Wealth......Page 319
11.1 Phrenology21......Page 321
11.2 The Child Criminal, 188123......Page 323
11.3 The Criminal26......Page 326
12 Penal Servitude, 188527......Page 327
13 Five Years’ Penal Servitude, 187831......Page 330
14 Reformatories and Industrial Schools, 191332......Page 332
Sixteenth Century......Page 338
Eighteenth Century......Page 339
Parliamentary papers......Page 340
Books & Articles......Page 341
Index......Page 342