Cretan Sanctuaries and Cults: Continuity and Change from Late Minoan IIIC to the Archaic Period (Religions in the Graeco-Roman World)

Preface......Page 11
List of Tables and Illustrations......Page 13
1. Background to the Inquiry, Subject and Aim......Page 19
2. The Identification of Sanctuaries in the Archaeological Record, Definitions and Terminology......Page 30
3. Votives......Page 44
4. Chronology and Abbreviations......Page 51
1. Early Scholarship and the Discovery of Minoan Civilisation......Page 55
2. Arthur Evans and the Early 20th-Century Rise of Minoan Crete: Unity and Continuity......Page 71
3. Subsequent Scholarship and Critique......Page 102
1. Introduction......Page 121
2. Catalogue A (part one): LM IIIC-SM Urban and Suburban Sanctuaries......Page 144
3. Catalogue A (part two): LM IIIC-SM Extra-Urban Sanctuaries......Page 172
4. Principal Types of LM IIIC-SM Cult Equipment and Votives......Page 192
Terracotta figures of \'Goddesses with Upraised Arms\' and associated objects......Page 199
Terracotta animal figures and associated objects......Page 202
5. The Freestanding Bench Sanctuary and Other LM IIIC-SM Urban Cult Places......Page 206
6. LM IIIC-SM Extra-Urban Sanctuaries: Caves and Open-Air Cult Places......Page 218
1. Introduction......Page 229
The formation and organisation of the Cretan poleis......Page 236
External relations and outward orientation......Page 244
Concluding remarks......Page 260
2. Catalogue B (part one): PG-O Urban and Suburban Sanctuaries......Page 262
3. Catalogue B (part two): PG-O Extra-Urban Sanctuaries......Page 329
4. Principal Types of PG-O Cult Equipment and Votives......Page 371
Sources and models for interpretation......Page 372
Metal cult equipment and votives......Page 385
Shields and small \'discs\'......Page 386
Cauldrons and associated stands......Page 395
Armour......Page 401
Anthropomorphic figurines......Page 406
Zoomorphic figurines......Page 410
Personal objects and jewellery......Page 415
Wheelmade anthropomorphic figures......Page 417
Wheelmade zoomorphic figures......Page 421
Mouldmade plaques and figurines......Page 423
Anthropomorphic and zoomorphic figurines......Page 436
Ceramic vessels and lids......Page 437
Concluding remarks......Page 438
5. The Waning of the Bench Sanctuary and the Image of the \'Goddess with Upraised Arms\'......Page 442
6. Hearth Temples: Prytaneia, Andreia and Rituals of Communal Dining......Page 459
7. The Rise of the Suburban Sanctuaries: Rituals of Integration and the Articulation of Social Roles......Page 494
Major community sanctuaries at conspicuous locations......Page 495
Smaller suburban sanctuaries in the countryside surrounding the settlements......Page 521
8. Sanctuaries at the Ruins of Bronze Age Monuments......Page 526
Knossos......Page 532
Phaistos and Ayia Triada......Page 537
Kommos......Page 541
Amnisos......Page 545
Palaikastro......Page 550
Concluding remarks......Page 568
9. Extra-Urban Cave and Open-Air Sanctuaries: Continuation of Cult and the Rise of Cult Places of Interregional Importance......Page 572
Old extra-urban sanctuaries with modest votive assemblages......Page 575
Extra-urban sanctuaries with (inter-)regional functions......Page 577
Interregional sanctuaries outside Crete: Olympia and Delphi......Page 580
The Idaean cave and Syme: location, setting and sanctuary organisation......Page 583
The Idaean cave and Syme: elite participation and character of the cult......Page 594
The Tsoutsouros cave......Page 622
Patsos......Page 624
Psychro......Page 626
CHAPTER FIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS: CONTINUITY AND CHANGE......Page 629
The LM IIIC-SM period (c. 1200 to 970 BC)......Page 632
The PG, G and O periods (c. 970-600 BC)......Page 641
Bibliography......Page 673
Tables......Page 718
Maps and Illustrations......Page 727
Index......Page 783