Creole Studies - Phylogenetic Approaches

Creole Studies – Phylogenetic Approaches
Title page
LCC data
Table of contents
Preface
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Key concepts in the history of creole studies
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Creole studies
	2.3 Issues in creole studies
		2.3.1 General characteristics
		2.3.2 Sociohistory of creoles and creolization
		2.3.3 Development: Pidgin stage or not
		2.3.4 Influences from input languages
		2.3.5 Complexity of Creoles
		2.3.6 Creators of creoles
		2.3.7 Gradual or quick
		2.3.8 Location
		2.3.9 Reasons for perceived similarities
		2.3.10 Semantics
	2.4 Research on creole languages and the contributions to this book
	References
Chapter 3. Phylogenetics in biology and linguistics
	3.1 Origin of phylogenetics in biology and linguistics
	3.2 Phylogenetic studies in linguistics
	3.3 Dated language phylogenies
	3.4 Is linguistic evolution tree-like?
	3.5 Other lateral influences between biology and linguistics
	3.6 Creoles, stable features and their substrates and lexifiers
	3.7 Creoles and genetic affiliation: Stammbaum, convergence, contact
	3.8 A cognitive account of creole genesis
	3.9 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 4. Methods: On the use of networks in the study of language contactOn the use of networks in the study of language contact
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Steps of analysis: Encoding, representation, and interpretation
	4.3 Data types
		4.3.1 Lexical data
		4.3.2 Typological data
	4.4 Data coding
	4.5 Networks and trees
	4.6 Interpreting the results
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5. Creole typology I: Comparative overview of creole languages
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Phonology
		5.2.1 Creole segmental inventories
		5.2.2 Creole phonotactics
		5.2.3 Creole suprasegmentals
		5.2.4 Summary of Creole phonology
	5.3 Creole morphology
		5.3.1 Inflectional morphology
		5.3.2 Compounding and derivational morphology, reduplication, compounding, suppletion
		5.3.3 Creole morphology: summary
	5.4 Creole constituent order
		5.4.1 Sentential constituent order
		5.4.2 Verb phrase word order
		5.4.3 Serial verbs
		5.4.4 Ditransitive constructions
		5.4.5 Noun phrase word order
		5.4.6 Attributive possession
		5.4.7 Predicative possession
		5.4.8 Summary: Creole constituent order
	5.5 The creole lexicon
		5.5.1 The lexicon: Mixedness
		5.5.2 The lexicon: Quantity of roots and words
		5.5.3 Expansion of the lexicon
		5.5.4 Substrate
	5.6 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 6. Creole typology II: Typological features of creoles: From early proposals to phylogenetic approaches and comparisons with non-creolesTypological features of creoles: From early proposals to phylogenetic approaches and comparisons with non-creol
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Claims about typological properties of creoles, 1950s–2000s
		6.2.1 Taylor (1971)
		6.2.2 Markey (1982)
		6.2.3 Bickerton (1981, 1984)
		6.2.4 Baker (2001)
		6.2.5 Muysken & Law (2001)
		6.2.6 Holm & Patrick (2007)
		6.2.7 Szmrecsanyi & Kortmann (2009)
		6.2.8 Cysouw (2009)
		6.2.9 Mauritian Creole and proposed creole features (Grant & Guillemin 2012)
		6.2.9 Mauritian Creole and proposed creole features (Grant & Guillemin 2012)
		6.2.10 Summary of structural overviews and conclusions
	6.3 Mass comparisons of creoles and non-creoles
		6.3.1 Holm & Patrick’s creole sample among the languages of the world
		6.3.2 WALS features: Non-creoles and creoles
		6.3.3 WALS features and APiCS features compared
		6.3.4 The four WALS features that set creoles apart from non-creoles
		6.3.5 Surinamese creoles, the lexifiers and the Gbe and Kikongo substrates
		6.3.6 Summary mass comparisons
	6.4 Diachrony and creoles
		6.4.1 Pidgins
		6.4.2 Grammaticalization
		6.4.3 Phonological processes
		6.4.4 Speed of change
		6.4.5 Summary: Change
	6.5 Conclusions
	Note
	References
Chapter 7. West African languages and creoles worldwide
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Stable features
	7.3 Methods and sampling
	7.4 African languages and their connections
	7.5 West African languages and Atlantic creoles
	7.6 West African languages and Asian creoles
	7.7 Creoles and their lexifiers
	7.8 Transmission of stable features in creoles and non-creoles
	7.9 Conclusions
	Acknowledgements
	Note
	References
Chapter 8. The typology and classification of French-based creoles: The typology and classification of French-based creoles: A global perspective
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Previous work on the classification of French-based creoles
	8.3 Methods and sample
	8.4 Classifying French-based creoles
	8.5 Measuring radicalness
	8.6 Discussion
	8.7 Conclusions
	Notes
	References
Chapter 9. The simple emerging from the complex: Nominal number in Juba Arabic creole
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Theoretical preliminaries
		9.2.1 The Feature Pool Hypothesis
		9.2.2 Creole distinctiveness
		9.2.3 Hypotheses
	9.3 Methodological preliminaries
		9.3.1 Phylogenetic trees and linguistics
		9.3.2 Sample
		9.3.3 The data
	9.4 The pool of features
		9.4.1 Number affixing
		9.4.2 Number and noun stems
		9.4.3 Collectives
		9.4.4 Other types of number inflection of nouns
		9.4.5 Pronominal number
		9.4.6 Number agreement
	9.5 Phylogenetic analysis
	9.6 Theoretical implications and questions for further research
	9.7 Conclusions
	References
Chapter 10. Dutch creoles compared with their lexifier
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 18th-Century Virgin Islands Creole Dutch and 20th-Century Virgin Islands Creole Dutch
	10.3 Berbice Creole
	10.4 Skepi Dutch Creole
	10.5 The Dutch creoles: Lexical comparison
		10.5.1 Origin of the roots
		10.5.2 Comparison of the Dutch roots
		10.5.3 Phonotactics of Dutch and Ijo words in Dutch creoles
	10.6 Typological comparison
		10.6.1 Three varieties of Virgin Islands Creole Dutch and Berbice Creole
		10.6.2 Skepi, Berbice, and 20th-Century Virgin Islands Creole Dutch: Grammatical traits
	10.7 Conclusions
	Note
	Acknowledgments
	References
Chapter 11. Similarities and differences among Iberian creoles: Similarities and differences among Iberian creoles
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Methods
	11.3 Previous classifications
		11.3.1 Early studies
		11.3.2 Atlantic and Asian creoles
		11.3.3 Local developments
	11.4 Language sample
	11.5 Feature data
	11.6 Areal clusters
	11.7 Shared features
	11.8 Areal differences
	11.9 Discussion
	11.10 Conclusions
	Notes
	References
Chapter 12. Afro-Hispanic varieties in comparison: New light from phylogeny
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 The Afro-Hispanic varieties
	12.3 Sample and methodology
	12.4 Results of the phylogenetic network analysis
	12.5 Discussion of classifications and characteristic traits
	12.6 Reflections on the method
	12.7 Conclusions
	Notes
	References
	Appendix 12.1 Feature lists
Chapter 13. Cognitive creolistics and semantic primes: A phylogenetic network analysis
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Exponents of semantic primes across creole languages
		13.2.1 Materials
	13.3 Character coding and phylogenetic algorithm
	13.4 Results
	13.5 Discussion
	13.6 Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgments
	Notes
	References
Chapter 14. Lexicalization patterns in core vocabulary: A cross-creole study of semantic molecules
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Creoles, lexifiers, and semantic domains
	14.3 Words and coding
	14.4 Results
		14.4.1 Abstract concepts
		14.4.2 Social molecules
		14.4.3 Body-part molecules
		14.4.4 Environmental molecules
	14.5 Discussion
	14.6 Concluding remarks
	Notes
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 15. The semantics of Englishes and Creoles: Pacific and Australian perspectives
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 The “language” concept and its critics
	15.3 Words and coding
	15.4 Results
		15.4.1 The Australia-Pacific Network
		15.4.2 A case study in ‘people’
	15.5 Discussion
	15.6 Concluding remarks
	Acknowledgements
	Notes
	References
Chapter 16. Feature pools show that creoles are distinct languages due to their special origin
	References
Chapter 17. Complementing creole studies with phylogenetics: Complementing creole studies with phylogenetics
	References
Chapter 18. From basic to cultural semantics: Postcolonial futures for a cognitive creolistics
	References
Chapter 19. Linguistics and evolutionary biology continue to cross-fertilize each other and may do so even more in the future, including in the field of creolistics: Linguistics and evolutionary biology continue to cross-fertilize each other and may do so
	References
Chapter 20. Epilogue: Of theories, typology and empirical data
	References
Languages index
People index
Places index
Subject index