CP Violation, 2nd Edition (Cambridge Monographs on Particle Physics, Nuclear Physics and Cosmology)

Half-title
Series-title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface to the second edition
Preface to the first edition
Part I Basics of CP violation
	1 Prologue
		Synopsis
	2 Prelude: C, P and T in classical dynamics
		2.1 Classical mechanics
			2.1.1 Parity
			2.1.2 Time reversal
		2.2 Electrodynamics
			2.2.1 Charge conjugation
			2.2.2 Parity
			2.2.3 Time reversal
		2.3 Résumé
		Problems
	3 C, P and T in non-relativistic quantum mechanics
		3.1 Parity
		3.2 Charge conjugation
		3.3 Time reversal
		3.4 Kramers\' degeneracy
		3.5 Detailed balance
		3.6 Electric dipole moments
			3.6.1 The neutron EDM
			3.6.2 Water molecules and atoms
			3.6.3 Dumb-bells
			3.6.4 Schiff\'s theorem
		3.7 Résumé
		Problems
	4 C, P and T in relativistic quantum theories
		4.1 Notation
		4.2 Spin-1 fields
		4.3 Spin-0 fields
			4.3.1 Parity
			4.3.2 Charge conjugation
			4.3.3 Time reversal
		4.4 Spin-1/2 fields
			4.4.1 Parity
			4.4.2 Charge conjugation
			4.4.3 Time reversal
		4.5 CP and CPT transformations
		4.6 Some consequences of the CPT theorem
		4.7 ♠ Back to first quantization ♠
		4.8 ♠ Phase conventions for C and P ♠
		4.9 ♠ Internal symmetries ♠
		4.10 The role of final state interactions
			4.10.1 T invariance and Watson\'s theorem
			4.10.2 Final state interactions and partial widths
			4.10.3 ♠ T symmetry and final state interactions ♠
		4.11 Résumé and outlook
		Problems
	5 The arrival of strange particles
		5.1 The discovery of strange particles
		5.2 The θ – τ puzzle
		5.3 The ΔI = 1/2 rule
		5.4 The existence of two different neutral kaons
		5.5 CP invariant K0 – K0 oscillations
		5.6 Regeneration – which is heavier: KL or KS?
		5.7 The quiet before the storm
		5.8 The discovery of CP violation
		Problems
	6 Quantum mechanics of neutral particles
		6.1 The effective Hamiltonian
		6.2 Constraints from CPT, CP and T
		6.3 Spherical coordinates
		6.4 ♠ On phase conventions ♠
		6.5 ♠ ΔM and ΔΓ ♠
		6.6 Master equations of time evolution
		6.7 CP violation: classes (A), (B) and (C)
		6.8 ♠ On the sign of the CP asymmetry ♠
		6.9 What happens if you don\'t observe the decay time?
		6.10 Regeneration
		6.11 The Bell–Steinberger inequality
		6.12 Résumé on P0 – P0 oscillations
		Problems
Part II Theory and experiments
	7 The quest for CP violation in K decays – a marathon
		7.1 The landscape
			Where has CP violation emerged?
			Chasing after K0 and K0
			The time evolution of the decay rate
			Direct test of T invariance
			Difference in integrated rates
		7.2 KL → ππ decays
			7.2.1 Decay amplitudes
			7.2.2 Constraints on AI and AI
			7.2.3 Relating ε to M – 1/2Γ
			7.2.4 The phase of ε
		7.3 Semileptonic decays
		7.4 ♠ P[omitted] in K →l πμν decays ♠
			Final state interactions mimicking T violation
			Phenomenological analysis
		7.5 ♠K → 3π ♠
			7.5.1 KS → 3π0
			7.5.2 KS → π+π–π0
			7.5.3 K± → π±π+π–
		7.6 ♠ Hyperon decays ♠
		7.7 The bard\'s song
		Problems
	8 The KM implementation of CP violation
		8.1 A bit of history
		8.2 The Standard Model
			8.2.1 QCD
			8.2.2 The Glashow–Salam–Weinberg model
		8.3 The KM ansatz
			8.3.1 The mass matrices
			8.3.2 Parameters of consequence
			8.3.3 Describing weak phases through unitarity triangles
		8.4 A tool kit
			8.4.1 The angles of the unitarity triangle
		8.5 The pundits\' judgement
		Problems
	9 The theory of KL → ππ decays
		9.1 The ΔS = 1 non-leptonic Lagrangian
		9.2 Evaluating matrix elements
		9.3 Chiral symmetry and vacuum saturation approximation
		9.4 K → ππ decays
		9.5 ♠ Computation of ε\'/ε ♠
			9.5.1 Determining matrix elements from data
			9.5.2 Numerical estimates
		9.6 ΔS = 2 amplitudes
			9.6.1 ΔMK
			9.6.2 ε
		9.7 ♠ SM expectations for (P[omitted]) in K13 decays ♠
		9.8 Résumé
		Problems
	10 Paradigmatic discoveries in B physics
		10.1 The emerging beauty of B hadrons
			10.1.1 The discovery of beauty
			10.1.2 The longevity of B mesons
			10.1.3 The fluctuating identity of neutral B mesons
			10.1.4 Another triumph for CKM dynamics
		10.2 What does the SM say about oscillations?
			10.2.1 Computation of ΔM
		10.3 ♠ On the sign of ΔMB ♠
		10.4 CP violation in B decays – like in K decays, only different
		10.5 From sweatshops to beauty factories
			10.5.1 Disappointment at a symmetric machine
			10.5.2 A crazy idea
		10.6 First reward – Bd → ΨKs
		10.7 The second reward – Bd → π+ π–
		10.8 More rewards – B0 → Kπ, η\'Ks
			10.8.1 B → Kπ, η1Ks
			10.8.2 Bd → η\'Ks
		10.9 CPT invariance vs. T and CP violation
		10.10 Reflections
			10.10.1 On the virtue of  \'over-designing\'
			10.10.2 The \'unreasonable\' success of CKM theory
			10.10.3 Praising hadronization
			10.10.4 EPR correlations – a blessing in disguise
		10.11 Résumé
		Problems
	11 Let the drama unfold – B CP phenomenology
		11.1 Pollution from water fowls and others
			Living with penguins
		11.2 Determining Φ1
			11.2.1 How clean is Bd → ΨKS?
			11.2.2 ♠ Other ways to get at Φ ♠
		11.3 Determining Φ2
			11.3.1 Penguins in Bd → ππ
			11.3.2 Overcoming pollution
			11.3.3 B → ππ
			11.3.4 B → πρ, ρρ
		11.4 Determining Φ3
			11.4.1 Using doubly Cabibbo-suppressed decays
			11.4.2 Dalitz plot analysis
		11.5 Search for New Physics
			11.5.1 Wrong-sign semileptonic decays: Class(B)
			11.5.2 ♠ Theoretical estimate of ASL ♠
			11.5.3 What can oscillations tell us about New Physics?
			11.5.4 Bs → ΨΦ, Ψη(\'), D+sD–s: Class (C2)
			11.5.5 Bs → KSρ0: Class (C1, C2)
			11.5.6 Bd → ΦKS, ηKS: Class(C2)
			11.5.7 Bs → D±sK[omitted]: Class(C1,C2)
		11.6 Résumé
			A final thought
		Problems
	12 Rare K and B decays – almost perfect laboratories
		12.1 Rare K decays
			12.1.1 KL → μ+μ– and K+ → π+e+e–
			12.1.2 KL → π01+1–
			12.1.3 K → πνν
			12.1.4 ♠ K → ππγ(*) ♠
		12.2 Beauty decays
			12.2.1 B → Xs γ
			12.2.2 B → μ+μ–
			12.2.3 B → X + νν
			12.2.4 B → Xs + μ+μ–
		12.3 Résumé
		Problems
	13 ♠ CPT violation – could it be in K and B decays? ♠
		13.1 Equality of masses and lifetimes
		13.2 Theoretical scenarios
		13.3 CPT phenomenology for neutral kaons
			13.3.1 Semileptonic decays
			13.3.2 Asymmetries
				Tests of T and CPT invariance
				Experimental results
				CPT Tests in the phases of η+– and η00
				Estimating Im Γ12
			13.3.3 Non-leptonic neutral K decays
		13.4 Harnessing EPR correlations
			13.4.1 Φ factory
				Time-integrated asymmetries
			13.4.2 Tests of CPT symmetry in B decays
		13.5 The moralist\'s view
		Problems
	14 CP violation in charm decays – the dark horse
		14.1 On the uniqueness of charm
		14.2 D0 – D0 oscillations
			14.2.1 Experimental evidence
				D → K+K–
				D → K+π–
				D → KSπ+π–
				D0 → l–X
			14.2.2 First résumé
			14.2.3 Theoretical expectations on ΔMD & ΔΓD
			14.2.4 New Physics contributions to ΔMD and ΔΓD?
			14.2.5 ♠ Numerical predictions for ΔMD and ΔΓD ♠
		14.3 CP violation
			14.3.1 Preliminaries
			14.3.2 CP asymmetries without D0 – D0 oscillations
				Partial widths
				Final state distributions
			14.3.3 Oscillations – the new portal to CP violation
				Non-leptonic modes
				Rare modes
				Semileptonic transitions
			14.3.4 Harnessing EPR correlations
		14.4 Résumé and a call to action
		Problems
	15 The strong CP problem
		15.1 The problem
		15.2 Why G · G matters and F · F does not
		15.3 ♠ The U(1)A problem ♠
		15.4 QCD and quark masses
		15.5 The neutron electric dipole moment
		15.6 Are there escape hatches?
			15.6.1 Soft CP violation
		15.7 Peccei–Quinn symmetry
		15.8 The dawn of axions – and their dusk?
			15.8.1 Visible axions
			15.8.2 Invisible axions
		15.9 The pundits\' judgement
		Problems
Part III Looking beyond the Standard Model
	16 Quest for CP violation in the neutrino sector
		16.1 Experiments
			16.1.1 Solar neutrinos
				Homestake
				GALLEX, SAGE
				(Super-)Kamiokande
				SNO
			16.1.2 Atmospheric neutrinos
			16.1.3 Man-made neutrinos
				KamLand
				K2K
			16.1.4 Qualitative summary
		16.2 Basics of neutrino oscillations
			16.2.1 Mass hierarchy
			16.2.2 Estimating θ13 and θ12
			16.2.3 Atmospheric neutrinos
		16.3 Neutrino mixing parameters
		16.4 The MSW effect
		16.5 Neutrino masses
		16.6 Neutrino mixing with Majorana neutrinos
		16.7 Phases in the PMNS matrix
		16.8 CP and T violation in ν oscillations
		16.9 How to measure the Majorana phase?
		16.10 The bard\'s song
		Problems
	17 Possible corrections to the KM ansatz: right-handed currents and non-minimal Higgs dynamics
		17.1 Left–right symmetric models
			17.1.1 Basics
			17.1.2 The existing phenomenology in strange decays
				ΔS = 2 transitions
				ΔS = 1 transitions
				Muon transverse polarization in Kμ3 decays
				Final state asymmetries in hyperon decays
			17.1.3 Electric dipole moments
			17.1.4 Prospects for CP asymmetries in beauty decays
		17.2 CP violation from Higgs dynamics
			17.2.1 A simple example
			17.2.2 Sources of CP violation
				CP phenomenology with light fermions
				Models with FCNC
				Models without FCNC
				Electric dipole moments
			17.2.3 CP phenomenology with heavy fermions
				Models with FCNC
				Models without FCNC
		17.3 The pundits\' résumé
		Problems
	18 CP violation without non-perturbative dynamics – top quarks and charged leptons
		18.1 Production and decay of top quarks
			18.1.1 σ(tLtL) vs σ(tRtR)
			18.1.2 Final state distributions in e+e– → ttH0
		18.2 On CP violation with leptons
			18.2.1 Positronium
			18.2.2 μ decays
			18.2.3 τ decays
				Partial width CP asymmetries in τ → Kπντ
				CP asymmetries in final state distributions
				Other τ decay modes
			18.2.4 τ production
				Electric and weak dipole moments of τ
		18.3 Resume on top and τ transitions
		Problems
	19 SUSY-providing shelter for Higgs dynamics
		19.1 The virtues of SUSY
		19.2 Low-energy SUSY
			19.2.1 The MSSM
		19.3 Gateways for CP violation
			19.3.1 A first glance at CP phases in MSSM
			19.3.2 Squark mass matrices
			19.3.3 Beyond MSSM
		19.4 Confronting experiments
			19.4.1 Electric dipole moments
			19.4.2 SUSY contributions to ΔS ≠ 0 ≠ ΔB transitions
			19.4.3 Bounds on MI SUSY parameters
			19.4.4 Can SUSY be generic?
		19.5 The pundits\' résumé
		Problems
	20 Minimal flavour violation and extra dimensions
		20.1 On minimal flavour violation
			20.1.1 Defining, implementing and probing MFV
		20.2 Extra (space) dimensions
		20.3 The pundits\' call
	21 Baryogenesis in the universe
		21.1 The challenge
		21.2 The ingredients
		21.3 GUT baryogenesis
		21.4 Electroweak baryogenesis
		21.5 Leptogenesis driving baryogenesis
		21.6 Wisdom – conventional and otherwise
Part IV Summary
	22 Summary and perspectives
		22.1 The cathedral builder\'s paradigm
			22.1.1 Present status and general expectations
			22.1.2 A look back
		22.2 Agenda for the future
		22.3 Final words
References
Index