COVID-19: Diagnosis and Management-Part II

Cover
Title
Copyright
End User License Agreement
Contents
Foreword
Preface
List of Contributors
Prevention of COVID-19: Facts to Overcome the Myths
	Rajesh Kumar1, Mangesh Pradeep Kulkarni1, Sheetu Wadhwa1 and Soundappan Kathirvel2,*
	INTRODUCTION
	MEASURES TO PREVENT THE SPREAD, ASSOCIATED MYTHS AND FACTS
		Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
			Head Covers
			Face Shield
			Mask
			Goggles
			Gloves
			Shoe Covers
			Gowns or Coveralls
	SANITIZATION AND DISINFECTION
		Hand Hygiene
			For Public
			Prevention of COVID-19 Among Frontline Healthcare Workers
		Cleaning of Vegetables-Fruits
		Safe Handling of Currency and Paper Documents
		Cough or Respiratory Etiquettes
			Precautions to be Taken While Coughing/Sneezing or Any Physical Contact
			Spitting or Littering in Public
		Disinfection of Public Places
		Disposal and Disinfection of PPEs
	WATER TREATMENT AND WASTE MANAGEMENT
		Management of Water and Faecal Waste
		Safety of Water Supplies
	SOCIAL MEASURES
		Physical Distancing
		Quarantine and Isolation
			Home Quarantine
			Institutional Quarantine
			Staff Guidelines
			Utility Guidelines
		Lockdown and Travel Restrictions
		Zonal Classification of the Geography
	PROPHYLAXIS FOR COVID-19
		Dietary Recommendations for the Prevention of COVID-19
			General Measures
			Medicinal Plant Measures/Procedures
		Medical Prophylaxis for Healthcare Workers and Contacts of a Positive Patient
	REGULAR SCREENING
	PRECAUTIONS FOR TRAVEL
	CONCLUSION
	LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Current Treatment Methods for Coronavirus Disease-19
	Kuldeep Kumar1, Sonal1, Pankaj Bhatia1, Dhandeep Singh1, Amteshwar S. Jaggi1 and Nirmal Singh1,*
	INTRODUCTION
	OVERVIEW OF VARIOUS TREATMENT STRATEGIES FOR COVID-19
		Hydroxychloroquine
			HCQ in Treatment of COVID-19
		Remdesivir
			Remdesivir in Treatment of COVID-19
		Lopinavir/Ritonavir
			Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Treatment of COVID-19
		Favipiravir
			Favipiravir in Treatment of COVID-19
		Azithromycin (AZ)
			AZ in COVID-19 Treatment
		Arbidol
			Arbidol in Treatment of COVID-19
		Ribavirin
			Ribavirin in COVID-19 Treatment
		Teicoplanin
			Teicoplanin in COVID-19 Treatment
		Ivermectin
			Ivermectin in Treatment of COVID-19
		Nitazoxanide
			Nitazoxanide in COVID-19 Treatment
		Corticosteroids
			Corticosteroids in the Treatment of COVID-19
		Immuno Modulating Agents-Interferons (IFN’s)
			IFN’s in Treatment of COVID-19
		Monoclonal Antibody Therapy
		80R Immunoglobulin G1 (IgGI)
		CR3014
		Monoclonal Antibody Therapy in COVID-19 Treatment
		Tocilizumab
		Sarilumab
			Limitations and Suggestions Regarding mAb’s
		Triple Therapy
		Miscellaneous Drugs
		Herbal Drugs for COVID-19
		Glycyrrhizin
			Glycyrrhizin in COVID-19
		Hesperetin
		Baicalin
		Scutellarin
		Plasma Therapy
		Plasma Therapy in the Treatment of COVID-19
		Potential of Stem Cell Therapy in COVID-19
		BCG Vaccine
	VARIOUS REGULATORY GUIDELINES GIVEN BY NIH (NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH) FOR TREATMENT OF COVID-19
	CONCLUSION
	LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
	AUTHORS CONTRIBUTION
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
COVID-19 and Mortality
	Rimesh Pal1 and Sanjay Kumar Bhadada1,*
	INTRODUCTION
	REPRESENTING MORTALITY – MORTALITY RATE VS. CASE-FATALITY RATE
	FALLACIES IN ESTIMATING MORTALITY USING CASE-FATALITY RATE
	REPORTING COVID-19-RELATED DEATHS
	COMPARING CASE-FATALITY RATES OF COVID-19 WITH OTHER RELATED VIRAL DISEASES
	COMPARING COVID-19 CASE-FATALITY RATES AMONG VARIOUS NATIONS
	CAUSES OF DEATH IN COVID-19
	PARAMETERS PREDICTING MORTALITY IN COVID-19
		Clinical Parameters
			Age
			Gender
			Symptoms
			Complications
			Comorbid Illness
			Smoking
			Secondary Infections
		Laboratory Parameters
	CONCLUSION
	ABBREVIATIONS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Long Term Complications of COVID-19
	Ankita Sood1, Bimlesh Kumar1,*, Indu Melkani1, Archit Sood2, Pankaj Prashar1, Anamika Gautam1, Kardam Joshi3 and Dhara Patel3
	INTRODUCTION
	LONG TERM COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19
	COMPLICATIONS OF COVID-19 IN VARIOUS DISEASES
		Diabetes Mellitus (DM)
		Hematological Complications
		Cardiovascular Diseases
		Central Nervous System Complications
			Viral Encephalitis
			Infectious Toxic Encephalopathy and Cerebrovascular Disease
		Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
		Asthma and Respiratory Disorders
		Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
	CONCLUSION
	ABBREVIATIONS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Vaccine Development
	Priya Sharma1,#, Shivani Joshi1,#, Aishwarya Joshi1, Nikunj Tandel1 and Rajeev K. Tyagi2,*
	COVID-19: VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
	COVID-19 VACCINE DEVELOPMENT: MODULATING THE HOST IMMUNE SYSTEM
	TYPES OF VACCINES AND THEIR CHARACTERISTICS
		Live-attenuated Virus and Inactivated Whole Virus Vaccines
		Subunit Vaccines
		Vaccines Based on Virus-like Particles (VLPs)
		Viral Vector-based Vaccines
		DNA Vaccines
	NOVEL APPROACHES: USAGE OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY FIELDS
		Serum Albumin Strategy
		Natural Product (Plant) Based Technology
		Nanotechnology and Material Science
		mRNA Based Approaches
	ANIMAL MODELS TO TEST THE IMMUNOGENIC POTENTIAL OF CANDIDATE VACCINE ANTIGENS
		Animal Models Currently in Practice
		Humanized Mice Models
		Novel Approach of Using Zebrafish (Their Advantages)
	CURRENT STATUS OF VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
	BENCH TO BEDSIDE: OBSTACLES AND OUTCOMES
		Lessons from Previous Vaccine Development
	LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
The Future of COVID-19 Treatment
	Sahil Arora1,#, Manvendra Kumar1,#, Gaurav Joshi1,* and Raj Kumar1,*
	INTRODUCTION
	DRUGS AFFECTING VIRAL REPLICATION AND TRANSLATION IN COVID-19 DISEASE
	DRUGS INTERFERING WITH INFLAMMATION AND OVERCOMING CYTOKINE STORM IN COVID-19 DISEASE
	ANTICANCER DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 DISEASE
	ANTIPARASITIC, ANTIPROTOZOAL, AND ANTIFUNGAL DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 DISEASE
	DRUGS AFFECTING THE RENIN-ANGIOTENSIN-ALDOSTERONE SYSTEM IN COVID-19
	MISCELLANEOUS
	DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION
	ABBREVIATIONS
	CONSENT FOR PUBLICATION
	CONFLICT OF INTEREST
	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
	REFERENCES
Subject Index
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