COVID-19 Pandemic: Research and Development Activities from Modeling to Realization (Materials Horizons: From Nature to Nanomaterials)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 COVID-19 Crisis
	1 Introduction
	2 Conclusion
	Author Contributions
2 Deciphering the Recent Advancements in Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Vaccine Candidates Against COVID-19
	1 Introduction
	2 SARS-CoV-2 Detection Approaches
		2.1 Nucleic Acid-Based Detection Techniques
		2.2 Imaging Technique—CT Scan
		2.3 Serological-Based Detection
		2.4 Point-of-Care Testing (POCT) Approaches
	3 Therapeutic Approaches Against SARS-CoV-2
		3.1 Remdesivir
		3.2 Favipiravir
		3.3 Hydroxychloroquine
		3.4 Thalidomide
		3.5 Lopinavir and Ritonavir
		3.6 Convalescent Plasma Therapy
	4 Vaccines Against SARS-CoV-2 Infection
		4.1 mRNA-/DNA-Based Vaccines
		4.2 Adenoviral Vectors
		4.3 Subunit Vaccines
		4.4 Live-Attenuated Virus Vaccines
	5 Conclusion
	6 Declaration of competing Interest
	Acknowledgements
	References
3 Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) as Coronavirus Shielding Material
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
	3 Formation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
	4 Preparation of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
		4.1 Respiratory PPE
		4.2 Dermal PPE
			4.2.1 Face Shields
			4.2.2 Eye protection
			4.2.3 Gloves
			4.2.4 Gowns
			4.2.5 Coveralls
	5 Importance and Value of PPE
	6 Disposing of Contaminated PPE
	7 Annual Procurement (Demand) for PPE Through UNICEF of PPE
	8 Indian Scenario of Personal Protective Equipment’s (PPE)
	9 World Scenario of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
	10 Future Perspective and Key Market Trends of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
	11 COVID-19 Pandemic Market Impact in USA
	12 Future Perspective of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Market
	13 Summary
	14 Competing Interests
	Author Contributions
	References
4 Exploration of Inorganic Materials with Antiviral Properties
	1 Introduction
	2 Inorganic Materials with Antiviral Properties
		2.1 Nanoparticles as Potential Antiviral Candidates
			2.1.1 Metal-Based Nanomaterials as Antiviral Materials
				Silver-Based Antiviral Nanoparticles
				Silver NPs Interaction with HCQ (CQ)
				Gold-Based Antiviral Nanoparticles
				Inactivation of Virus Using Gold NPs
				Copper-Based Antiviral Nanoparticles
		2.2 Metal Oxides as Antiviral Nanoparticles
		2.3 Photo Sensitizers as Antiviral Candidates
		2.4 Halogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen Species as Potential Antiviral Candidates
	3 Non-Metal Nanomaterials as Antiviral Materials
		3.1 Carbon-Based Antiviral Materials
	4 Other Inorganic Antiviral Nanoparticles
	5 Conclusion
	References
5 Perspective of Organic-Based Antimicrobial Coating Materials: Implication Toward COVID-19
	1 Introduction
	2 Modes of Spreading of Virus
	3 Challenges to Control the Transmission of COVID-19
	4 Preventive Measures
	5 Photodynamic Antiviral Materials
	6 Conclusion
	Author Contributions
	References
6 Material Aspects for Detection and Monitoring
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Viable Detection Techniques
	3 Material Approach of Various Diagnostic Methods
		3.1 Point-Of-Care Tests
		3.2 RT-PCR
		3.3 Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification
	4 Role of Nanomaterials in Diagnosis
	5 Nanopore Target Sequencing (NTS)
	6 Conclusion
	References
7 Recent Developments Focusing Disinfectant Systems for Effective Inactivation of Coronaviruses
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Transmission and Longevity of Airborne Coronavirus
		1.2 Transmission and Longevity of Coronavirus on Surfaces
	2 Disinfectants Against Coronaviruses
	3 Physical Disinfectants
		3.1 Dry Heating
		3.2 Microwave-Generated Steaming
		3.3 Ozone
		3.4 Hydrogen Peroxide Vaporization
		3.5 Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation
	4 Chemical Disinfectants
		4.1 Chlorine and its Derivatives
		4.2 Alcohols
		4.3 Quaternary Ammonium (Quats)
		4.4 Oxidizing Agents
		4.5 Formaldehyde and Glutaraldehyde
		4.6 Serious Health Risks with Frequent Use of Disinfectants
	5 Conclusion
	References
8 Study on the ANN Forecasting of Epidemical Diseases
	1 Introduction
	2 Basics of ANN
	3 Overview of Epidemiology Using ANN
	4 Complications in ANN-Based Epidemic Model
		4.1 Data Pre-processing
		4.2 Network Architecture
		4.3 Activation Function
		4.4 Training Algorithms
		4.5 Under-fitting and Overfitting
		4.6 Hybrid ANN Epidemic Forecast Model
		4.7 Overall Comparison of ANN on Epidemical Model
		4.8 Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)
		4.9 Detection of COVID-19 Using ANN
	5 Proposed Model for COVID-19 Case Prediction
	6 MLPFFNN
	7 Result Discussion
	8 Conclusion
	References
9 Simulation Studies Related to COVID-19 Pandemic
	1 Introduction
	2 Simulation of Ventilation System of Hospital Room
	3 Simulation Related to Social Distancing and Respirator Mask
	4 Antiviral Mask Simulation
		4.1 Materials Used for Antiviral Property
			4.1.1 Silver-Based Antiviral Nanoparticles
			4.1.2 Gold-Based Nanoparticles (Au NPs)
			4.1.3 Copper-Based Nanoparticles
			4.1.4 Carbon-Based Materials
	5 Conclusion/Summary
	Acknowledgements
	References
10 A Detailed Scientometric Review of Coronavirus Research
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
		2.1 Data Source
		2.2 Search Strategy
		2.3 Data Collection
		2.4 Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis
	3 Results and Discussions
		3.1 Yearly Distribution and Trend of Growth
		3.2 Country-Level Distribution of Publications
		3.3 The Co-Authorship and Organizations Relationship
		3.4 Relationship of Authors and Co-Authors
		3.5 Relationship of Distribution and Co-Citation
		3.6 Document and Citations Relationship
		3.7 Identifying Coronavirus Infections and Health Condition by Density Visualization Map
	4 Conclusion
	Author Contributions
	Referrences