Cosmology

The Homogeneous Universe......Page 5
Assumptions......Page 6
Metric......Page 7
Redshift......Page 8
Dynamics......Page 9
Remark on Newtonian Dynamics......Page 10
Forms of Matter......Page 12
Parameters......Page 13
Parameter Values......Page 15
Age and Expansion of the Universe......Page 16
Distances......Page 18
Horizons......Page 21
Quantum Statistics......Page 22
Properties of Ideal Quantum Gases......Page 24
Particle Freeze-Out......Page 27
The Neutrino Background......Page 30
Photons and Baryons......Page 31
The Recombination Process......Page 32
Nucleosynthesis......Page 35
The Inhomogeneous Universe......Page 39
Newtonian Equations......Page 40
Perturbation Equations......Page 41
Density Perturbations......Page 42
Velocity Perturbations......Page 44
Power Spectra......Page 46
Evolution of the Power Spectrum......Page 47
The Zel'dovich Approximation......Page 49
Nonlinear Evolution......Page 50
Collapse of a Homogeneous Overdense Sphere......Page 53
Collapse Parameters......Page 54
The Press-Schechter Mass Function......Page 56
Correct Normalisation of the Press-Schechter Mass Function......Page 58
Extended Press-Schechter Theory......Page 59
Halo Density Profiles......Page 61
The Early Universe......Page 64
Simplified Theory of CMB Temperature Fluctuations......Page 65
CMB Power Spectra and Cosmological Parameters......Page 70
Foregrounds......Page 72
Problems......Page 73
Inflation......Page 75
Expansion of the Universe......Page 82
Modified Equation of State......Page 83
Models of Dark Energy......Page 84
Effects on Cosmology......Page 85
The Late Universe......Page 88
Ellipticals and Spirals......Page 89
Spectra, Magnitudes and K-Corrections......Page 90
Luminosity Functions......Page 92
Correlation Functions and Biasing......Page 94
Intervening Gas......Page 96
Assumptions, Index of Refraction......Page 99
Deflection Angle and Lens Equation......Page 100
Local Lens Mapping and Mass Reconstruction......Page 102
Deflection by Large-Scale Structures......Page 103
Limber's Equation and Weak-Lensing Power Spectra......Page 104
Galaxies in Clusters......Page 107
X-Ray Emission......Page 109
Gravitational Lensing by Galaxy Clusters......Page 111
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effects......Page 112
Scaling Relations......Page 113