Cosmical Electrodynamics, 2nd Ed. (International Series of Monographs on Physics)

Preface to the Second Edition......Page v
CONTENTS......Page vii
1.1. Introduction......Page p1
1.2. Magnetic fields in cosmic physics......Page p3
1.3. Induced electric fields......Page p8
1.3.1. Induced elec. f. in uniformly moving matter......Page p9
1.3.2. Induced electric fields in rotating bodies......Page p11
1.4. Approx. equality, pos. & neg. space charge......Page p14
.. REFERENCES......Page p15
2.1. Introduction......Page p18
2.2.1. Unperturbed motion......Page p19
5.9.1. Equations governing the distribution function......Page p21
2.2.3. Motion of centre of gyration. Inertia force......Page p24
2.3. Slowly varying magnetic field......Page p27
2.3.1. The magnetic field varies with time......Page p28
2.3.2. Grad of magnetic field has component parallel to field......Page p29
2.3.3. Grad of magnetic field has comp. perpendicular to the field......Page p31
2.3.4. The resultant average velocity......Page p32
2.3.5. Effect of motion along curved lines of force......Page p33
2.3.6. The magnetic mirror......Page p34
2.3.7. The adiabatic invariants......Page p36
2.3.8. Experiments and observations......Page p42
2.4. Motion in a magnetic dipole field. Stormer\'s method......Page p43
2.5.1. Applicability of the perturbation method......Page p46
2.5.2. The drift motion in a dipole field......Page p48
2.5.3 to 2.5.5. Motion close to the equatorial plane of dipole field......Page p50
2.6. Infl. of electric f. on motion of charged particles in magnetic field......Page p54
2.6.1. Motion in the equatorial plane......Page p55
2.6.2. Oscillations along the lines of force......Page p57
2.6.3. Allowed/forbidden regions, chgd. p., magnetic dipole field......Page p58
2.7.1. Survey of adiabatic momentum changes......Page p61
2.7.3. Multiple-step processes......Page p63
2.7.4. Magnetic pumping......Page p64
2.8. Radiation loss by charged particles moving in magnetic fields......Page p68
.. REFERENCES......Page p70
3.1. Introduction......Page p73
3.2.1. The case of incompressible fluids......Page p74
3.2.2. The case of compressible fluids......Page p75
3.3. Fundamental equations......Page p76
3.3.1. The magnetic force term......Page p77
3.4. Plane waves, incompressible fl. Homogeneous mag. field......Page p78
3.4.1. Infinite conductivity......Page p80
3.4.2. Finite conductivity......Page p81
3.4.4. Hydromag. waves as special case of E-M waves......Page p83
3.4.5. Reflection & transmission of hydromagnetic waves......Page p85
3.5. Waves of arbitrary form in incompressible fluid......Page p87
3.5.1. Infinite conductivity......Page p88
3.5.2. Note on the effect of a Coriolis force......Page p89
3.6. Hydromagnetic whirl rings in incompressible fluid......Page p90
3.7. Hydromagnetic oscillations of fluid bodies......Page p91
3.8.1. Linearization & simplif. of fundamental equations......Page p93
3.8.2. Dispersion relation & modes of propagation......Page p95
3.9. Criteria for applicability of magneto-hydrodynamics......Page p100
3.10. Experimental observation of hydromagnetic waves......Page p105
3.11. Steady motion of conducting fluids in...magnetic field......Page p106
3.11.1. Anisotropy introduced by magnetic field. Experiments......Page p107
3.11.2. Ferraro\'s law of isorotation......Page p109
3.12. Magneto-hydrostatics......Page p111
3.12.1. Force-free magnetic fields......Page p112
3.13. Hydromagnetic stability......Page p114
3.13.1. Stability of twisted magnetic fields......Page p117
3.13.2. Model experiments on instabilities......Page p119
3.14. Mechanisms for generating cosmic magnetic fields......Page p120
3.14.1. Cowling\'s theorem......Page p121
3.14.2. The self-exciting dynamo......Page p122
3.14.3. The kink-instability model......Page p124
3.14.4. The plasma-ring experiment......Page p125
3.14.5. Field amplification by instability......Page p126
.. REFERENCES......Page p129
4.1. Introduction......Page p134
4.2.1. Survey of electric discharges......Page p136
4.2.2. Similarity transformations......Page p137
4.2.3. General properties of a plasma......Page p141
4.3. Collision processes in a plasma......Page p145
4.3.1. El. current in weakly ionized plasma......Page p146
4.3.2. Coulomb collisions in a plasma......Page p150
4.3.3. Current in highly ionized plasma, weak electric field......Page p154
4.3.4. Highly ionized pl., strong E. field. Runaway electrons......Page p156
4.4. Ambipolar diffusion......Page p158
.. REFERENCES......Page p159
5.1.1. High-density plasmas, lambda << rho......Page p161
5.1.3. Low-density plasmas, lc << lambda......Page p162
5.1.4. Magnetic plasmas in cosmical physics......Page p167
5.2.1. Micro- & macroscopic descriptions of plasmas......Page p169
5.2.2. Rel. between drift vel. & macroscopic velocity......Page p171
5.2.3.1. The three-fluid model......Page p173
5.2.3.2. Equations of motion & generalized Ohm\'s law......Page p176
5.2.3.3. Numerical values of the conductivity......Page p178
5.3. The cross-conductivity & the Hall conductivity......Page p180
5.3.2. Equivalent circuits......Page p183
5.3.3. Currents perpend. to mag. f, inhomogeneous plasma......Page p185
5.4.1. Macroscopic model......Page p189
5.4.2. Microscopic model. Low-density plasma......Page p191
5.5.1. Constriction of discharges......Page p192
5.5.2. The pinch effect. The Bennett relation......Page p193
5.5.3. Filamentary currents in force-free magnetic fields......Page p195
5.6.2. Diffusion across the magnetic field......Page p199
5.6.4. Diffusion by encounters with magnetic irregularities......Page p201
5.6.5. Anomalous diffusion......Page p202
5.7.1. Plasmas in thermodynamic equilibrium......Page p203
5.7.2. Diffusing, weakly ionized, plasma......Page p205
5.7.3. Magnetically confined, completely ionized, plasma......Page p207
5.8. Expanding stream of magnetic plasma......Page p208
5.8.1. Electric and magnetic fields......Page p209
5.8.2. Acceleration of high-energy charged particles......Page p213
5.8.3. Particle drifts in the azimuthal direction......Page p214
5.9. The distribution function......Page p215
5.9.2. Equilibrium distribution......Page p217
5.9.3. The pressure tensor......Page p218
.. REFERENCES......Page p220
AUTHOR INDEX......Page p223
SUBJECT INDEX......Page p225