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ویرایش: [1 ed.]
نویسندگان: Ali Gholamrezanezhad (editor)
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 1119789680, 9781119789680
ناشر: Wiley-Blackwell
سال نشر: 2023
تعداد صفحات: 704
[701]
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 111 Mb
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در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): A Clinical Guide به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
توجه داشته باشید کتاب بیماری کرونا 2019 (کووید-19): راهنمای بالینی نسخه زبان اصلی می باشد و کتاب ترجمه شده به فارسی نمی باشد. وبسایت اینترنشنال لایبرری ارائه دهنده کتاب های زبان اصلی می باشد و هیچ گونه کتاب ترجمه شده یا نوشته شده به فارسی را ارائه نمی دهد.
بیماری CORONAVIRUS 2019 (COVID-19)
پوشش جامعی از همه جنبههای کلیدی ارائه میکند COVID-19، از جمله: علت، تشخیص، علائم، مدیریت، و درمان
بیماری کروناویروس 2019 (COVID-19): راهنمای بالینی به متخصصان مراقبت های بهداشتی در تمام سطوح دانش به روز در مورد ویژگی های بالینی، اپیدمیولوژیک، ژنومیک، ویروس شناسی و رادیولوژیک کووید-19 ارائه می دهد. این کتاب درسی جامع با ادغام چندین مرور سیستماتیک و متاآنالیز در یک جلد واحد، به سیاستهای بهداشتی، برنامهریزی تلفات جمعی، ایمنی کارکنان مراقبتهای بهداشتی، تأثیر اقتصادی، درسهایی برای شیوعهای آینده و سایر جنبههای پاراکلینیکی و اجتماعی COVID-19 میپردازد. پاندمی.
متن خلاصهای کامل و تحلیل انتقادی از COVID-19 بر اساس بررسی جامع ادبیات و دادههای اخیر منتشر شده ارائه میکند. موضوعات شامل ویژگیهای ویروسی SARS-CoV-2، تظاهرات ریوی و خارج ریوی و پیامدهای COVID-19، پیشگیری و کنترل انتقال، تأثیر غیرمستقیم همهگیری بر مراقبت و مدیریت سایر بیماریها، ایمونوتراپی غیرفعال و پیامدهای آن، تشخیص و درمان است. رویکردهایی برای بیماران بدحال و موارد دیگر. این منبع ارزشمند که توسط پزشکان برجسته در خط مقدم تحقیقات COVID-19 ویرایش شده است:
بیماری کروناویروس 2019 (COVID-19): یک راهنمای بالینی منبع ضروری اطلاعات برای همه پزشکان، محققان، اپیدمیولوژیست ها، پرستاران است. ، رادیولوژیست ها و مدیران مراقبت های بهداشتی که برای رسیدگی به هر جنبه ای از همه گیری COVID-19 تلاش می کنند.
CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019 (COVID-19)
Provides comprehensive coverage of all key aspects of COVID-19, including: etiology, diagnosis, symptomatology, management, and treatment
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Clinical Guide provides healthcare professionals at all levels with up-to-date knowledge about the clinical, epidemiological, genomic, virological, and radiologic features of COVID-19. Consolidating multiple systematic reviews and meta-analyses into a single volume, this comprehensive textbook also addresses health policies, mass casualty planning, healthcare worker safety, economic impact, lessons for future outbreaks, and other para-clinical and social aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic.
The text presents a thorough summary and critical analysis of COVID-19 based on an exhaustive review of recently published literature and data. Topics include the virologic characteristics of SARS-CoV-2, pulmonary and extrapulmonary manifestations and consequences of COVID-19, prevention and transmission control, the pandemic’s indirect impact to the care and management of other diseases, passive immunotherapy and its implications, diagnostic and treatment approaches for critically ill patients, and more. Edited by leading practitioners at the forefront of COVID-19 research, this invaluable resource:
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Clinical Guide is an indispensable source of information for all clinicians, researchers, epidemiologists, nurses, radiologists, and healthcare managers working to address any aspect of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Cover Title Page Copyright Page Contents List of Contributors Preface Chapter 1 COVID-19: Epidemiology Origin Animal Host Infectivity and Incubation Modes of Transmission Overview Respiratory Droplets Aerosolization Direct Surface Contact and Fomites Fecal-Oral Bloodborne Semen and Vaginal Secretions Asymptomatic Transmission Virulence and Mortality Case Fatality Rate Serial Interval Reproduction Number/Reproduction Ratio Excess Mortality Demographics Overview Age Sex Race and Ethnicity Disease Prevention Vaccinations Personal Protective Equipment: Respirators and Masks Physical Distancing Hand and Surface Sanitation Adequate Ventilation of Indoor Spaces Use of Outdoor Spaces Global Impacts Distribution International Response Future Outbreaks Conclusions References Chapter 2 COVID-19: Virology Coronaviruses Taxonomy Morphology Nucleic Acid Antigenicity SARS-CoV-2 Morphology and Nucleic Acid Spike Protein Origin Viral Transmission Variants References Chapter 3 COVID-19: Laboratory/Serologic Diagnostics Molecular Diagnostics for COVID-19 Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing RT-qPCR RT-LAMP CRISPR-Based Techniques Sequencing Techniques Antigen Testing Viral Culture Antibody Testing for COVID-19 Principles of Antibody Testing Antibody Assays for SARS-CoV-2 Assay Target Selection Binding Assays Neutralization Assays Antibody Assay Sensitivity and Specificity Humoral Response to SARS-CoV-2 Infection Kinetics of Antibody Response Antibody Response and Disease Severity Duration of Immunity Current and Potential Applications of Antibody-Based Tests in SARS-CoV-2 Management of Individual Disease and Sequelae Monitoring Contact Tracing Vaccine Efficacy Conclusions and Future Directions References Chapter 4 COVID-19: Radiologic Diagnosis Current Guidelines on When to Image Fleischner Society World Health Organization Practical Points Technical Considerations to Limit Spread While Imaging Chest Radiography Cross-Sectional Imaging Ultrasound Imaging by Modality X-Ray Computed Tomography Ultrasound PET MRI Guidelines for Reporting RSNA COVID-19 Reporting and Data System COVID-19 Imaging Reporting and Data System References Chapter 5 COVID-19: Pathology Perspective Gross and Histopathologic Findings in the Respiratory System Gross and Histopathologic Findings in the Cardiovascular System Histopathologic Findings in Kidney Histopathologic Findings in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Liver Histopathologic Findings in Brain Histopathologic Findings in Skin References Chapter 6 COVID-19: Immunology Anatomic Progression of COVID-19 Adaptive Immune Response in the Nasal Passages and the Lungs Immune Response to Immunization Immune Correlates of Protection from Infection Decline in Vaccine-Induced Immune Responses over Time Immune Consequences of Virologic Dissemination Autoantibodies Against Type I IFN Viral Evasion Immune Dysregulation Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Cytokine Storm Conclusions Acknowledgments References Chapter 7 COVID-19: Presentation and Symptomatology Pulmonary Manifestations of COVID-19 Atypical Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Otolaryngologic Manifestations of COVID-19 Sense of Smell Voice Disorders Hearing, Tinnitus, and Facial Nerve Gastrointestinal Manifestation of COVID-19 Coronavirus and Pregnancy Physiologic Changes and Effect of SARS-CoV-2 Infection General Symptoms of COVID-19 in Obstetric Patients Impact of COVID-19 on Gestation: Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes Vertical Transmission and Possible Fetal Complications COVID-19 and Delivery Breastfeeding Vaccination Urologic Manifestations of COVID-19 Kidneys Genital and Lower Urinary Tract Infection Disorders of Genital Organ Function Infertility References Chapter 8 COVID-19: Risk Stratification Potential Biomarkers for COVID-19 Detection, Severity, and Mortality Host Risk Factors for COVID-19 ABO Blood Type as an Additional Risk Factor ABO Blood Group and Rh Factor Association of Blood Group with Viral Respiratory Diseases Association of Blood Type with Higher Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection and Outcomes Genetic Association and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms ML Methods for X-Ray and CT Image Classification and Prediction References Chapter 9 COVID-19: Outpatient Management in Adults Potential Conflicts of Interest Initial Diagnosis Prognosis and Choice of Admission Versus Outpatient Management Home Monitoring Telehealth Diagnosis and Follow-up Pulse Oximetry Monitoring Post–Hospital Discharge Care General Management Issues Isolation Hydration and Nutrition Continuation of Ongoing Therapies Nutritional Supplements Anticoagulation Use of Home Supplemental Oxygen Antivirals and Anti-inflammatory Treatments Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs Selection of Outpatients to Receive Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs Bamlanivimab Plus Etesevimab Casirivimab Plus Imdevimab Sotrovimab Bebtelovimab Side Effects of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 mAbs Distribution of mAbs Oral Antivirals Molnupiravir Nirmatrelvir (PF-07321332)/Ritonavir Outpatient Anti-inflammatory Interventions Inhaled Budesonide Fluvoxamine Dexamethasone Drugs That Are Not Recommended for Outpatient Use Janus Kinase Inhibitors/Anti-IL-6 Therapies Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Ivermectin Azithromycin Lopinavir/Ritonavir Convalescent Plasma Colchicine Summary References Chapter 10 COVID-19: Inpatient Management Respiratory Support for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Noninvasive Respiratory Support Prone Positioning in Awake Patients Caring for the Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19 Practical Considerations for Intubating Patients Mechanical Ventilation of Patients with COVID-19 Rescue Therapies for Refractory Hypoxemia of Ventilated Patients Pharmacologic Therapies for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Use of Antivirals in Patients Hospitalized for COVID-19 Anti-inflammatory Therapies for Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Therapies that Have No Benefit in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Extrapulmonary Disease in Acutely Ill Patients with COVID-19 Thromboembolic Disease Cardiac Complications Renal Complications Infectious Complications Performing Aerosol-Generating Procedures in Patients with COVID-19 Bronchoscopy in COVID-19 Tracheostomy in Patients with COVID-19 Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation of the Patient with COVID-19 Coordinating Patient Placement and Care in COVID-19 Units Increasing ICU Capacity Additional Management Considerations References Chapter 11 COVID-19: ICU and Critical Care Management Epidemiology of Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19 Pneumonia Risk Factors for Severe Disease Mortality Infection Prevention and Control of COVID-19 in the ICU Aerosol-Generating Procedures Visitation Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in COVID-19 Hemodynamic Support in COVID-19 Management of Respiratory Failure from COVID-19 Intubation Ventilator Management Prone Positioning Treatment of COVID-19-Associated ARDS with Corticosteroids Tocilizumab for Critical COVID-19 Illness Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for COVID-19 ARDS Venous Thromboembolism and Anticoagulation in COVID-19 After the ICU: Challenges for Survivors of COVID-19 Critical Illness References Chapter 12 COVID-19 in Pediatrics Epidemiology Epidemiology of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children Transmission in Children Neonatal Transmission Breastfeeding Clinical Manifestations Disease Severity Infection in Infants (Age <1 Year) Cutaneous Manifestations COVID Toes Neurologic Symptoms Atypical Clinical Manifestations Imaging Findings MIS-C Clinical Manifestations Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) in Children Approach to Diagnosis Screening and Diagnosis in Symptomatic Patients Screening and Diagnosis in Asymptomatic Patients Neonatal Testing COVID-Recovered Patients Retesting of COVID-Recovered Patients Testing of COVID-19 Fully Vaccinated Persons MIS-C Diagnosis Hyperinflammation in COVID-19 Versus MIS-C Management Outpatient Management Inpatient Management Special Populations Antiviral Therapy Glucocorticoids Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Convalescent Plasma Adjunctive Therapy Kinase Inhibitors Superimposed Infections Management of MIS-C Guidance for Return to Sports After SARS-CoV-2 Infection Vaccines References Chapter 13 Pharmacologic Therapeutics for COVID-19 Virus Life Cycle Drug Development for SARS-CoV-2 Immune Responses that Contribute to COVID-19 Pathology Challenges to Discover and Deploy Drugs for a New Infectious Agent Therapeutic Classes Antivirals Camostat (Foipan) Nafamostat Upamostat Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine Angiotensin Receptor Blockers Valsartan Losartan Telmisartan Recombinant ACE2 Ang(1–7) Viral Replication Inhibitors Favipiravir (Avigan) Molnupiravir (MK-4482or EIDD-2801) Remdesivir (Veklury) Ribavirin Oseltamivir Umifenovir Viral Protein Process Inhibitors Lopinavir/Ritonavir Disulfiram (Antabuse) Antibiotics and Antiparasitic Immunotherapy Recombinant Cytokine Therapy Type I IFNs GM-CSF Anticytokine Therapy IL-1 Receptor Antagonism IL-6 Receptor Antagonism IL-6 Antagonism GM-CSF Antagonism Neutralizing Antibody Therapy Recombinant Monoclonal Antibodies Convalescent Plasma Therapy Other Anti-inflammatory Therapies Steroids Cyclosporine Acalabrutinib Baricitinib Lenzilumab Experimental Therapeutics PAC-MAN Single-Domain Antibody Exo-CD24 Fluvoxamine Clofazimine (Lamprene) References Chapter 14 Co-infections and Secondary Infections in COVID-19 Pneumonia Bacterial Co-infections Streptococcus pneumoniae Klebsiella Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Legionella Fungal Superinfection Pulmonary Aspergillosis Mucormycosis Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia Trichosporon asahii Fungemia Histoplasmosis Parasitic Strongyloidiasis Viral Influenza Dengue Respiratory Syncytial Virus Summary References Chapter 15 COVID-19: Neurology Perspective Epidemiology and Transmission Mode Route to the Nervous System Retrograde Pathway Through Neurons Direct Infection Through ACE-2 Expression Mechanisms for CNS Complications Neuronal Infection Neuroinflammation Other Mechanisms Neurologic Manifestations Guillain–Barré Syndromes Skeletal Muscle Injury Encephalopathy Acute Myelitis Acute Cerebrovascular Events Therapeutic Strategies Conclusion References Chapter 16 COVID-19: Cardiology Perspective Epidemiology Potential Mechanisms of Cardiovascular System Involvement in COVID-19 Direct Viral Myocardial Injury Microvascular Injury Acute Coronary Syndrome Oxygen Supply and Demand Mismatch Systemic Hyperinflammatory Response Myocardial Injury in Acute COVID-19 Acute Coronary Syndrome Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism Acute Myocarditis and Cardiogenic Shock Pericarditis Kawasaki Disease, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children, Pediatric Multisystem Syndrome, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Adults, and Acute COVID-19 Cardiovascular Syndrome: Overlapping Post-COVID-19 Inflammatory Cardiac Syndromes Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Arrhythmias in Acute COVID-19 Management Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome Clinical Presentation Diagnosis Management Postacute Sequelae of SARS-COV-2 Infection Long-Term Management of COVID-19 Cardiovascular Disease Cardiovascular Effects of COVID-19 Treatments COVID-19 in Special Populations Chronic Heart Failure Heart Transplant Recipients Conclusion References Chapter 17 COVID-19: Oncologic and Hematologic Considerations The Natural History of COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer Diagnosing COVID-19 in Patients with Cancer: Clinical, Serologic, and Imaging Considerations COVID-19 Therapeutics in Patients with Cancer Monoclonal Antibodies (Casirivimab/Imdevimab, Sotrovimab, and Bamlanivimab/Etesevimab) Remdesivir Glucocorticoids Baricitinib and Other Janus Kinase Inhibitors Tocilizumab and Other Interleukin-6 Inhibitors Convalescent Plasma Molnupiravir Practical Considerations in the Management of Patients with Cancer Cancer Screening and Diagnosis Cancer Therapy: Cytotoxic Chemotherapy Cancer Therapy: Immunotherapy, Targeted Agents, and Biologics Cancer Therapy: Radiation Therapy Cancer Therapy: Cellular Therapy and Hematopoietic Transplantation Oncologic Surgery Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer and COVID-19 Clinical Trials COVID-19 and Other Vaccinations Supportive Care Use and Impact of Telemedicine on Caring for Patients with Cancer Survivorship and Surveillance After Cancer Therapy Palliative Care and Advance Care Planning After COVID-19: The Natural History of Cancer in the Postpandemic Era References Chapter 18 COVID-19: Dermatology Perspective Cutaneous Manifestations of COVID-19 Exanthem Group Vascular Lesions Miscellaneous Cutaneous Manifestations Treatment Cutaneous Adverse Effects Caused by Use of Personal PMs against SARS-CoV-2 Challenges Posed by the COVID-19 Pandemic for Dermatology: Impact on Dermatological Diseases, Dermatology Services, and Dermatology Practice Dermatology Registries in Response to COVID-19 Conclusion References Chapter 19 COVID-19: Ophthalmology Perspective Conjunctiva and Sclera Conjunctivitis Episcleritis Anterior Segment Uveitis Corneal Graft Rejection Neuro-ophthalmic Complications Clinical Findings and Evaluation Management and Prognosis Optic Nerve Active COVID-19 Infection Optic Nerve and Retinal Changes After COVID-19 Infection Retina Retinal Microangiopathy Central Retinal Vein Occlusion Central Retinal Artery Occlusion Orbit Orbital Cellulitis Orbital Inflammation Rhino-orbital Mucormycosis Orbital Emphysema Conclusions References Chapter 20 COVID-19: Nutrition Perspectives Safety Considerations for Nutrition Processes and Practice When Caring for Patients with COVID-19 Nutrition in the Noncritically Ill Hospitalized Patient with COVID-19 Treatment for COVID-19 and Associated Nutrition Impacts Steroids Other Treatments Nutrition Screening and Assessment in Noncritically Ill Patients Nutrition Interventions and Monitoring of Nutrition Progress Nutrition in the Critically Ill Patient with COVID-19 Nutrition Screening and Assessment in Critically Ill Patients Guidelines Therapies for COVID-19 and Associated Nutrition Impacts Nutrition Provision, Choice of Nutrition Mode, and Monitoring Energy and Protein Requirements Estimation of Energy Expenditure Nonnutritional Energy Protein Micronutrients and Trace Elements Management of Complications Post-ICU Acute Care Management, Including Dysphagia and Multidisciplinary Care Dysphagia: Features and Recovery Multidisciplinary Care Organization and System Considerations for Nutrition Management Workforce and Stock/Supply Considerations Food Service Considerations Considerations in an Overwhelmed Hospital System Follow-up for COVID-19-Related Nutrition Issues After Hospital Discharge Conclusion References Chapter 21 COVID-19: Nursing Perspective Care of the Patient in the Inpatient Setting Resources Nursing Interventions Prone Positioning Intubated Patients Modes of Oxygen Delivery: High-Flow Nasal Cannula, Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure, and Mechanical Ventilation Pressure-Related Injuries and Other Nursing Interventions Medications Nutritional Management Advance Care Planning Interdisciplinary Care Discharge Planning: Transition to Outpatient/Specialty Care Home Services and Transition to Home Humanization of Care Moral and Ethical Distress Building Resilience Conclusion References Chapter 22 COVID-19 Vaccination: A Clinical Perspective Terminologies Storage and Handling Reactogenicity Efficacy and Immunogenicity Contraindication Precaution Authorized Candidate Vaccines BNT162b2/Comirnaty (BioNTech/Pfizer/Fosun Pharma) mRNA-1273 (Moderna) AZD1222/ChAdOx1/Covishield (University of Oxford and AstraZeneca) Sputnik V (Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Russia) CoronaVac (Sinovac Research and Development co., Ltd) Unnamed (Sinopharm/Wuhan Institute of Biological Products co., Ltd.) BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm/Beijing Institute of Biological Products) EpiVacCorona (State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Russia) Symptom Management Prioritization and Acceptance Passive Immunotherapy Convalescent Plasma Monoclonal Antibody Conclusion Acknowledgments References Chapter 23 Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Imaging Findings Vaccines and Imaging: Past Experience What We Know from Previous Vaccines Local Reactions Lymphadenopathy Systemic Inflammation Neurologic Complications COVID-19 Vaccine: Types and Mechanisms Expected Findings Post-COVID-19 Vaccination Lymphadenopathy Vaccine-Related Imaging Misinterpretation Special Considerations for Oncologic Imaging with COVID-19 Vaccination Other COVID-19 Vaccine–Induced Side Effects Injection-Site Reaction Musculoskeletal Complications Neurologic Complications Thrombotic Complications Myocarditis Summary of Recommendations and Conclusion References Chapter 24 COVID-19: Long-Term Pulmonary Consequences Long-Term Pulmonary Complications from Past Viral Pandemics Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Monitoring for Long-Term Pulmonary Consequences of COVID-19 Infection Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis and Follow-Up of COVID-19 Timeline of Chest CT Findings During Different Phases of COVID-19 Infection Long-Term Clinical Sequelae of COVID-19 Pathophysiology Clinical Management Summary Points References Chapter 25 Psychological Effects and Neuropsychiatric Sequelae in COVID-19 Patients Depression and Anxiety Cause or Consequence Mitigating Factors and Management Strategies Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Sleep Dysfunction The Bidirectional Relationship of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Sleep Dysfunction Factors Associated with Sleep Dysfunction Management of Sleep-Associated Disorders Neuropsychiatric Sequelae Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Complications Associated with COVID-19 Cognitive Impairment Associated with COVID-19 Long COVID Syndrome Management of Delirium and Long COVID Syndrome Conclusions References Chapter 26 Mental Health Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Healthcare Professionals Overview of Psychological Impact on Healthcare Professionals Impact on Healthcare Workers by Country China United States of America United Kingdom India Iran Southeast Asia COVID-19 Impact by Occupation and Healthcare Setting Frontline Healthcare Workers Different Medical Professionals Nursing Staff Non-frontline Healthcare Workers Nonclinical Healthcare Personnel Identifying Risk/Predisposing Factors Gender Age Underlying Medical Conditions Risk for Infection and Level of Precaution at Home Living Circumstances Infection Rate Among Peers Time Spent Focusing on COVID-19 Demand for Personal Protective Equipment Mental Health Interventions and Strategies for HCWs Interventions and Strategies at the International, National, and Regional Levels Interventions and Strategies at the Institutional Level Interventions and Strategies at the Individual Level Conclusion References Chapter 27 COVID-19: Ethical Considerations in Clinical Practice Crisis Standard of Care Resource Allocation and the Pandemic The Duty of Healthcare Providers The Problem of Pseudoscience Off-Label Use of Medications Contact Tracing Conclusions References Chapter 28 Racial, Ethnic, and Other Disparities in the Epidemiology and Care of COVID-19 Disparities in Risk for Exposure in the United States Racial and Ethnic Disparities Neighborhood and Environment Tribal and Rural Communities Unemployment and Occupational Risk The American Prison and Correctional System Access to Education and the American School System International Risk for Exposure to COVID-19 China Italy India Brazil Iran Diagnostic Disparities Diagnostic Disparity in COVID-19 Testing Diagnostic Workup of COVID-19 and the Role of Imaging Utilization Clinical Disparities Hospitalizations and Inpatient Admissions ICU Admission Treatment Disparities Disparities in Patient Outcome Disparities in Vaccination Combating These Disparities Conclusion References Chapter 29 Global Impact of COVID-19 on Healthcare Systems Healthcare Systems Before COVID-19 International Trends and Collaboration Africa West Africa East Africa Southern Africa Central Africa Future Directions for Africa Asia Pacific East Asia Central Asia South Asia Southeast Asia Oceania/Pacific Future Directions for the Asia-Pacific Region Europe Future Directions for Europe Middle East and North Africa Further Directions for MENA Countries Americas North America Central America South America Caribbean Further Directions for the Americas Conclusion References Chapter 30 COVID-19: Mass Casualty Planning Viral Pandemic The Surge Prehospital Planning Mitigation Emergency Medical Service Preparedness Field Hospitals Hospital Planning Triage and Emergency Department Capacity Infection Control Conversion of Inpatient Units Staff and Equipment Shortages Outpatient Planning Telemedicine Recovery Phase References Index EULA