Core Python programming, 2nd Edition

Contents......Page 10
Preface......Page 24
Acknowledgments......Page 36
PART I: CORE PYTHON......Page 39
 1 WELCOME TO PYTHON!......Page 41
  1.1 What Is Python?......Page 42
  1.3 Features......Page 43
  1.4 Downloading and Installing Python......Page 48
  1.5 Running Python......Page 50
  1.6 Python Documentation......Page 59
  1.7 Comparing Python......Page 60
  1.8 Other Implementations......Page 63
  1.9 Exercises......Page 64
 2 GETTING STARTED......Page 67
  2.1 Program Output, the print Statement, and \"Hello World!\"......Page 69
  2.2 Program Input and the raw_input ( ) Built-in Function......Page 70
  2.4 Operators......Page 72
  2.5 Variables and Assignment......Page 74
  2.6 Numbers......Page 75
  2.7 Strings......Page 76
  2.9 Dictionaries......Page 77
  2.11 if Statement......Page 78
  2.12 while Loop......Page 79
  2.13 for Loop and the range ( ) Built-in Function......Page 80
  2.14 List Comprehensions......Page 82
  2.15 Files and the open ( ) and file ( ) Built-in Functions......Page 83
  2.16 Errors and Exceptions......Page 84
  2.17 Functions......Page 85
  2.18 Classes......Page 87
  2.19 Modules......Page 89
  2.20 Useful Functions......Page 91
  2.21 Exercises......Page 92
 3 PYTHON BASICS......Page 97
  3.1 Statements and Syntax......Page 98
  3.2 Variable Assignment......Page 101
  3.3 Identifiers......Page 104
  3.4 Basic Style Guidelines......Page 106
  3.5 Memory Management......Page 112
  3.6 First Python Programs......Page 116
  3.7 Related Modules/Developer Tools......Page 121
  3.8 Exercises......Page 122
 4 PYTHON OBJECTS......Page 125
  4.1 Python Objects......Page 126
  4.3 Other Built-in Types......Page 128
  4.4 Internal Types......Page 130
  4.5 Standard Type Operators......Page 133
  4.6 Standard Type Built-in Functions......Page 138
  4.8 Categorizing the Standard Types......Page 148
  4.9 Unsupported Types......Page 153
  4.10 Exercises......Page 154
 5 NUMBERS......Page 157
  5.1 Introduction to Numbers......Page 158
  5.2 Integers......Page 159
  5.3 Double Precision Floating Point Numbers......Page 162
  5.4 Complex Numbers......Page 163
  5.5 Operators......Page 164
  5.6 Built-in and Factory Functions......Page 173
  5.7 Other Numeric Types......Page 182
  5.8 Related Modules......Page 185
  5.9 Exercises......Page 188
 6 SEQUENCES: STRINGS, LISTS, AND TUPLES......Page 193
  6.1 Sequences......Page 195
  6.2 Strings......Page 205
  6.3 Strings and Operators......Page 207
  6.4 String-Only Operators......Page 215
  6.5 Built-in Functions......Page 221
  6.6 String Built-in Methods......Page 225
  6.7 Special Features of Strings......Page 229
  6.8 Unicode......Page 234
  6.9 Related Modules......Page 243
  6.10 Summary of String Highlights......Page 245
  6.11 Lists......Page 246
  6.12 Operators......Page 248
  6.13 Built-in Functions......Page 253
  6.14 List Type Built-in Methods......Page 257
  6.15 Special Features of Lists......Page 261
  6.16 Tuples......Page 269
  6.17 Tuple Operators and Built-in Functions......Page 270
  6.18 Special Features of Tuples......Page 272
  6.19 Related Modules......Page 276
  6.20 *Copying Python Objects and Shallow and Deep Copies......Page 277
  6.21 Summary of Sequences......Page 280
  6.22 Exercises......Page 283
 7 MAPPING AND SET TYPES......Page 289
  7.1 Mapping Type: Dictionaries......Page 290
  7.2 Mapping Type Operators......Page 295
  7.3 Mapping Type Built-in and Factory Functions......Page 297
  7.4 Mapping Type Built-in Methods......Page 302
  7.5 Dictionary Keys......Page 305
  7.6 Set Types......Page 310
  7.7 Set Type Operators......Page 313
  7.8 Built-in Functions......Page 317
  7.9 Set Type Built-in Methods......Page 318
  7.11 Related Modules......Page 320
  7.12 Exercises......Page 322
 8 CONDITIONALS AND LOOPS......Page 327
  8.1 if Statement......Page 328
  8.2 else Statement......Page 329
  8.3 elif (aka else-if) Statement......Page 331
  8.4 Conditional Expressions (aka \"the Ternary Operator\")......Page 332
  8.5 while Statement......Page 333
  8.6 for Statement......Page 335
  8.7 break Statement......Page 341
  8.8 continue Statement......Page 342
  8.9 pass Statement......Page 343
  8.10 else Statement . . . Take Two......Page 344
  8.11 Iterators and the iter ( ) Function......Page 346
  8.12 List Comprehensions......Page 350
  8.13 Generator Expressions......Page 352
  8.15 Exercises......Page 357
 9 FILES AND INPUT/OUTPUT......Page 361
  9.1 File Objects......Page 362
  9.2 File Built-in Functions [open ( ) and file ( )]......Page 363
  9.3 File Built-in Methods......Page 366
  9.4 File Built-in Attributes......Page 373
  9.5 Standard Files......Page 374
  9.6 Command-Line Arguments......Page 375
  9.7 File System......Page 376
  9.9 Persistent Storage Modules......Page 385
  9.10 Related Modules......Page 388
  9.11 Exercises......Page 390
 10 ERRORS AND EXCEPTIONS......Page 395
  10.1 What Are Exceptions?......Page 397
  10.2 Exceptions in Python......Page 398
  10.3 Detecting and Handling Exceptions......Page 401
  10.4 Context Management......Page 419
  10.6 Raising Exceptions......Page 423
  10.7 Assertions......Page 426
  10.8 Standard Exceptions......Page 428
  10.9 *Creating Exceptions......Page 431
  10.10 Why Exceptions (Now)?......Page 438
  10.11 Why Exceptions at All?......Page 439
  10.12 Exceptions and the sys Module......Page 440
  10.13 Related Modules......Page 441
  10.14 Exercises......Page 442
 11 FUNCTIONS AND FUNCTIONAL PROGRAMMING......Page 445
  11.1 What Are Functions?......Page 446
  11.2 Calling Functions......Page 449
  11.3 Creating Functions......Page 455
  11.4 Passing Functions......Page 463
  11.5 Formal Arguments......Page 465
  11.6 Variable-Length Arguments......Page 470
  11.7 Functional Programming......Page 476
  11.8 Variable Scope......Page 490
  11.9 *Recursion......Page 503
  11.10 Generators......Page 504
  11.11 Exercises......Page 508
 12 MODULES......Page 513
  12.1 What Are Modules?......Page 514
  12.2 Modules and Files......Page 515
  12.3 Namespaces......Page 517
  12.4 Importing Modules......Page 521
  12.5 Features of Module Import......Page 523
  12.6 Module Built-in Functions......Page 528
  12.7 Packages......Page 530
  12.8 Other Features of Modules......Page 533
  12.9 Related Modules......Page 537
  12.10 Exercises......Page 538
 13 OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING......Page 541
  13.1 Introduction......Page 543
  13.2 Object-Oriented Programming......Page 551
  13.3 Classes......Page 555
  13.4 Class Attributes......Page 557
  13.5 Instances......Page 563
  13.6 Instance Attributes......Page 568
  13.7 Binding and Method Invocation......Page 577
  13.8 Static Methods and Class Methods......Page 579
  13.9 Composition......Page 581
  13.10 Subclassing and Derivation......Page 582
  13.11 Inheritance......Page 584
  13.12 Built-in Functions for Classes, Instances, and Other Objects......Page 595
  13.13 Customizing Classes with Special Methods......Page 601
  13.14 Privacy......Page 622
  13.15 *Delegation......Page 624
  13.16 Advanced Features of New-Style Classes (Python 2.2+)......Page 632
  13.17 Related Modules and Documentation......Page 652
  13.18 Exercises......Page 655
 14 EXECUTION ENVIRONMENT......Page 663
  14.1 Callable Objects......Page 665
  14.2 Code Objects......Page 672
  14.3 Executable Object Statements and Built-in Functions......Page 673
  14.4 Executing Other (Python) Programs......Page 686
  14.5 Executing Other (Non-Python) Programs......Page 690
  14.7 Terminating Execution......Page 700
  14.8 Miscellaneous Operating System Interface......Page 703
  14.10 Exercises......Page 705
PART II: ADVANCED TOPICS......Page 707
 15 REGULAR EXPRESSIONS......Page 709
  15.1 Introduction/Motivation......Page 710
  15.2 Special Symbols and Characters......Page 713
  15.3 REs and Python......Page 720
  15.4 Regular Expressions Example......Page 735
  15.5 Exercises......Page 742
 16 NETWORK PROGRAMMING......Page 747
  16.1 Introduction......Page 748
  16.2 Sockets: Communication Endpoints......Page 752
  16.3 Network Programming in Python......Page 755
  16.4 *SocketServer Module......Page 769
  16.5 *Introduction to the Twisted Framework......Page 774
  16.6 Related Modules......Page 778
  16.7 Exercises......Page 779
 17 INTERNET CLIENT PROGRAMMING......Page 783
  17.1 What Are Internet Clients?......Page 784
  17.2 Transferring Files......Page 785
  17.3 Network News......Page 793
  17.4 Electronic Mail......Page 803
  17.5 Related Modules......Page 815
  17.6 Exercises......Page 816
 18 MULTITHREADED PROGRAMMING......Page 823
  18.1 Introduction/Motivation......Page 824
  18.2 Threads and Processes......Page 826
  18.3 Python, Threads, and the Global Interpreter Lock......Page 827
  18.4 thread Module......Page 832
  18.5 threading Module......Page 837
  18.7 Exercises......Page 851
 19 GUI PROGRAMMING......Page 855
  19.1 Introduction......Page 856
  19.2 Tkinter and Python Programming......Page 858
  19.3 Tkinter Examples......Page 863
  19.4 Brief Tour of Other GUIs......Page 877
  19.5 Related Modules and Other GUIs......Page 885
  19.6 Exercises......Page 888
 20 WEB PROGRAMMING......Page 891
  20.1 Introduction......Page 892
  20.2 Web Surfing with Python: Creating Simple Web Clients......Page 896
  20.3 Advanced Web Clients......Page 906
  20.4 CGI: Helping Web Servers Process Client Data......Page 912
  20.5 Building CGI Applications......Page 915
  20.6 Using Unicode with CGI......Page 929
  20.7 Advanced CGI......Page 931
  20.8 Web (HTTP) Servers......Page 943
  20.9 Related Modules......Page 946
  20.10 Exercises......Page 950
 21 DATABASE PROGRAMMING......Page 955
  21.1 Introduction......Page 956
  21.2 Python Database Application Programmer\'s Interface (DB-API)......Page 961
  21.3 Object-Relational Managers (ORMs)......Page 983
  21.4 Related Modules......Page 995
  21.5 Exercises......Page 997
 22 EXTENDING PYTHON......Page 999
  22.1 Introduction/Motivation......Page 1000
  22.2 Extending Python by Writing Extensions......Page 1002
  22.3 Related Topics......Page 1018
  22.4 Exercises......Page 1019
 23 MISCELLANEOUS......Page 1021
  23.1 Web Services......Page 1022
  23.2 Programming Microsoft Office with Win32 COM......Page 1026
  23.3 Python and Java Programming with Jython......Page 1039
  23.4 Exercises......Page 1043
Appendix A: Answers to Selected Exercises......Page 1048
Appendix B: Reference Tables......Page 1058
Appendix C: Python 3: The Evolution Of A Programming Language......Page 1086
Appendix D: Migrating to Python 3 Starts with 2.6......Page 1096
 A......Page 1108
 C......Page 1110
 D......Page 1112
 E......Page 1114
 F......Page 1116
 H......Page 1118
 I......Page 1119
 L......Page 1121
 M......Page 1122
 N......Page 1124
 O......Page 1125
 P......Page 1127
 R......Page 1128
 S......Page 1129
 T......Page 1133
 U......Page 1134
 W......Page 1135
 Z......Page 1136