Converts in the Dead Sea Scrolls (Studies on the Texts of the Desert of Judah)

Contents
Acknowledgments
Abbreviations
Key to Symbols
Chapter 1 Introduction
	1.1 Context
		1.1.1 Context Part I: “Sectarianism” and Levels of Social Closure within the Sectarian Movement Affiliated with the DSS
		1.1.2 Context Part II: Gēr Research within Scriptural Tradition
	1.2 Problem and Significance
		1.2.1 Problem and Significance Part I: Who Is the Gēr in the DSS?
		1.2.2 Problem and Significance Part II: of What Does Ethnicity and Conversion Consist?
		1.2.3 Problem and Significance Part III: Summary and Moving Ahead to the DSS
	1.3 Response: Methodology
	1.4 Chapter Outlines
Chapter 2 Provenance and Dating of the Gēr in the Dead Sea Scrolls
	2.1 Overview of the Provenance of the Sectarian Movement and the Damascus and Serekh Traditions
		2.1.1 The Sectarian Movement: Deposed Zadokite Priests?
		2.1.2 The Sectarian Movement and Prevailing Dating
		2.1.3 The Sectarian Movement: Essenes?
		2.1.4 The Relationship between D and S: Chronology
	2.2 Means of Establishing Provenance and Dating of the Texts
		2.2.1 Literary Devices
		2.2.2 Paleography
		2.2.3 Orthography Style
	2.3 An Assessment of the Occasions Where the Term Gēr Has Been Employed
		2.3.1 A Text That Influences Damascus (D) and Serekh (S) Traditions: 4Q423 Instructiong Frag. 5, 1–4
		2.3.2 Texts Correlated with the Damascus (D) Tradition
			2.3.2.1 Damascus Document Manuscripts: Cairo Genizah, 4QD, and 6QD
				2.3.2.1.1 CD VI, 14–VII, 1
				2.3.2.1.2 CD XIV, 3–6
			2.3.2.2 11QTa Temple Scroll XL, 5–6
			2.3.2.3 4Q377 Apocryphal Pentateuch B Frag. 1, I
			2.3.2.4 4Q159 Ordinancesa Frags. 2–4, 1–3
			2.3.2.5 4Q279 Four Lots Frag. 5, 1–6
		2.3.3 Texts Correlated with the Serekh (S) Tradition
			2.3.3.1 4Q169 Pesher Nahum Frags. 3–4, II, 7–10
			2.3.3.2 4Q174 Florilegium Frag. 1, I, 1–4
		2.3.4 Texts Correlated with the Sectarian Movement: Alignment with Damascus (D) or Serekh (S) Tradition Indeterminate
			2.3.4.1 4Q307 Text Mentioning Temple Frag. 1
			2.3.4.2 4Q498 Hymnic or Sapiential Fragments Frag. 7
			2.3.4.3 4Q520 Nonclassified Fragments Inscribed Only on the Back Frag. 45
	2.4 Chapter Conclusions
Chapter 3 A Textual Study of the Gēr in the Dead Sea Scrolls
	3.1 A Text That Influences Damascus (D) and Serekh (S) Traditions: 4Q423 Instructiong Frag. 5, 1–4
	3.2 Texts Correlated with the Damascus (D) Tradition
		3.2.1 CD VI, 14–VII, 1
		3.2.2 CD XIV, 3–6
		3.2.3 11QTa Temple Scroll XL, 5–6
		3.2.4 4Q377 Apocryphal Pentateuch B Frag. 1, I
		3.2.5 4Q159 Ordinancesa Frags. 2–4, 1–3
		3.2.6 4Q279 Four Lots Frag. 5, 1–6
	3.3 Texts Correlated with the Serekh (S) Tradition
		3.3.1 4Q169 Pesher Nahum Frags. 3–4, II, 7–10
		3.3.2 4Q174 Florilegium Frag. 1, I, 1–4
	3.4 Texts Correlated with the Sectarian Movement: Alignment with Damascus (D) or Serekh (S) Tradition Indeterminate
		3.4.1 4Q307 Text Mentioning Temple Frag. 1
		3.4.2 4Q498 Hymnic or Sapiential Fragments Frag. 7
		3.4.3 4Q520 Nonclassified Fragments Inscribed Only on the Back Frag. 45
	3.5 Chapter Conclusions
Chapter 4 Locating the Gēr and Assessing Ethnic Identity in the Sectarian Movement
	4.1 Shared Kinship as a Marker of Ethnic Identity in the Sectarian Movement: How Gēr Represents Kin
		4.1.1 Gēr Is (an Israelite) Brother
		4.1.2 Gēr Is Identified as Israelite Kin through Other Kinship Terminology
		4.1.3 Physical Proximity with Respect to Other Judeans Indicates Gēr as Sharing in Kinship
		4.1.4 Effacement of Gēr as a Resident Alien
		4.1.5 Judean Convert Status of a Gēr Is Denied
		4.1.6 Who Is a “Brother”?
		4.1.7 Ethnic Identity in the Feature of Shared Kinship: Conclusions
	4.2 Connection to Land as a Feature of Ethnic Identity: Gēr’s Incorporation in the Promise of Land
		4.2.1 The Promise of a Land of Honey
		4.2.2 Land Inheritance and Lots
		4.2.3 Significance of Birth and/or Livelihood in the Land of Israel
		4.2.4 Connection to Land as a Feature of Ethnic Identity: Conclusions
	4.3 Common Culture in the Covenantal Practice of Circumcision as a Feature of Ethnic Identity in the Sectarian Movement
		4.3.1 Overview According to Pre and Post-Hellenistic Influence
		4.3.2 Allusions to Physical Circumcision as a Reminder of Complete Covenantal Obedience in the D Tradition
		4.3.3 Circumcision of the Heart as Spiritual Obedience in the S Tradition
		4.3.4 Common Culture in Circumcision as a Feature of Ethnic Identity in the Sectarian Movement: Conclusions
	4.4 Ethnic Identity in the Sectarian Movement Chapter Conclusions
Chapter 5 Sociohistorical Comparison between the Sectarian Movement and Greco-Roman Associations
	5.1 Greco-Roman Associations: An Introduction
	5.2 Greco-Roman Noncosanguinal Brothers: Professional Associations
	5.3 Greco-Roman Noncosanguinal Brothers: Cultic Associations
		5.3.1 Nuclear “Families” and Hierarchical Relationships in Cultic Associations
		5.3.2 Adopted Brothers in Cultic Associations and Beyond
	5.4 Shared Kinship and Mutable Ethnicity in the Brothers of Greco-Roman Associations: Conclusions
Chapter 6 Conclusion
	6.1 Summary of Findings
	6.2 Further Implications for Scholarship
	6.3 Proposals for Further Research
Bibliography
Index of Modern Authors
Index of Ancient Sources