Contract Law: Uk Edition

Cover......Page 1
Book title......Page 2
Contents......Page 4
List of figures......Page 7
Acknowledgements......Page 8
Table of statutes and other instruments......Page 9
Table of cases......Page 12
1.1 The development of a law of contract......Page 22
1.2 The character of modern contracts......Page 23
1.4 Contracts compared with other areas of law......Page 24
2.2.1 Distinguishing offer from invitation to treat......Page 26
2.2.2 Examples of invitation to treat......Page 27
2.2.3 Situations which are not invitation to treat......Page 29
2.3 The rules of offer......Page 31
2.4 Termination of offer......Page 32
2.5 The rules on acceptance......Page 33
2.6 Points for discussion......Page 37
3.2 Defining consideration......Page 42
3.4 The rules of consideration......Page 43
4.2 Social and domestic agreements......Page 59
4.3 Commercial and business agreements......Page 60
5.1 The requirement of form......Page 64
5.4 Agreements needing only evidence in writing to be valid......Page 65
6.1.2 Some consequences of the rule......Page 68
6.2.3 Trust law......Page 69
6.2.5 The rule in Dunlop v Lambert......Page 70
6.2.6 Privity of estate in leases......Page 71
6.2.9 Protecting third parties in exclusion clauses......Page 72
6.2.11 Agency, assignment and negotiable instruments......Page 73
6.3 The Contracts (Rights of Third Parties) Act 1999......Page 74
7.2.2 Valid or enforceable contracts......Page 81
7.2.3 Voidable contracts......Page 84
7.2.4 Void or unenforceable contracts......Page 85
7.2.5 Minors’ contracts and the role of equity......Page 86
7.5 The capacity of corporations......Page 88
8.1.2 The process of defining and distinguishing the express terms......Page 91
8.2.1 Factors relevant to incorporating terms......Page 96
8.2.2 The ‘parol evidence’ rule......Page 99
8.3.2 Terms implied by fact......Page 102
8.3.4 Terms implied by law – by statute......Page 106
8.4.1 Introduction......Page 109
8.4.2 Conditions......Page 110
8.4.4 The construction of terms......Page 111
8.4.5 Innominate terms......Page 113
9.1.2 Rules on incorporating exclusion clauses into contracts......Page 120
9.1.3 Other limitations imposed by the courts......Page 124
9.1.4 Construction of the contract as a whole......Page 126
9.2.1 Introduction......Page 131
9.2.2 The Unfair Contract Terms Act 1977......Page 132
9.2.3 The Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999......Page 135
10.2 Void contracts......Page 140
10.4 The classes of vitiating factors......Page 141
11.1 General......Page 142
11.2 When a misrepresentation occurs......Page 143
11.3.2 Fraudulent misrepresentation......Page 145
11.3.3 Negligent misrepresentation......Page 147
11.3.4 Innocent misrepresentation......Page 149
11.4 Equity and misrepresentation......Page 151
11.5 When non-disclosure amounts to misrepresentation......Page 152
12.1 Introduction......Page 159
12.2.1 Res extincta......Page 160
12.2.3 Mistake as to the quality of the contract......Page 161
12.3 Mutual mistake......Page 164
12.4.2 Mistaken terms......Page 165
12.4.3 Mistaken identity......Page 166
12.4.4 Mistaken identity and face-to-face dealing......Page 167
12.5.2 Rescission......Page 169
12.5.4 Rectification of a document......Page 170
12.6 Non est factum......Page 171
13.2 Duress......Page 175
13.3 Economic duress......Page 176
13.4 Undue influence......Page 178
14.2 Contracts void by statute......Page 186
14.3 Contracts illegal by statute......Page 187
14.4 Contracts void at common law......Page 188
14.5 Contracts illegal at common law......Page 194
14.6 The consequences of the contract being void......Page 195
14.7 The consequences of the contract being illegal......Page 196
15.1.2 The strict rule on performance......Page 200
15.1.3 Ways of avoiding the strict rule......Page 201
15.1.4 Stipulations as to time of performance......Page 203
15.2.2 Bilateral discharges......Page 204
15.2.3 Unilateral discharges......Page 205
15.3.2 The development of a doctrine of frustration......Page 206
15.3.3 Frustrating events......Page 207
15.3.4 Limitations on the doctrine of frustration......Page 210
15.3.5 The common law effects of frustration......Page 211
15.3.6 The Law Reform (Frustrated Contracts) Act 1943......Page 212
15.4.2 The different forms of breach......Page 218
15.4.3 The effects of breach......Page 219
16.2 The purpose of damages in contract......Page 224
16.3.3 Remoteness of damage......Page 225
16.4.1 Nominal damages......Page 227
16.4.2 The bases of assessment......Page 228
16.4.3 The duty to mitigate......Page 230
16.5.2 Quantum meruit......Page 231
16.6 The effect of speculation in contract......Page 232
16.7.1 Injunctions in contract law......Page 234
16.7.3 Specific performance in contract law......Page 235
16.7.4 Rectification of documents in contract law......Page 236
17.2 Sale of goods and supply of goods and services......Page 237
17.3 The Consumer Protection Act 1987......Page 238
17.4 The Trade Descriptions Act 1968 and applying false descriptions to goods or services......Page 241
18.2 OCR synoptic element......Page 244
18.3 AQA synoptic element......Page 246
Appendix: Answers to dilemma boards......Page 249
C......Page 258
D......Page 259
I......Page 260
M......Page 261
P......Page 262
S......Page 263
W......Page 264