Continuous Productive Urban Landscapes: Designing Urban Agriculture for Sustainable Cities

Title page......Page 4
Copyright page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
FOREWORD......Page 10
PREFACE......Page 12
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 13
ILLUSTRATIONS: CREDITS AND PERMISSIONS......Page 14
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 16
AN INTRODUCTORY GLOSSARY......Page 19
PART ONE CARROT AND CITY: THE CONCEPT OF CPULs......Page 24
1 NEW SPACE FOR OLD SPACE: AN URBAN VISION......Page 26
CONTINUOUS PRODUCTIVE URBAN LANDSCAPES: LONDON IN 2045......Page 27
ECOLOGICAL INTENSIFICATION......Page 30
LONDON IN 2045: POSTSCRIPT......Page 31
2 MORE SPACE WITH LESS SPACE: AN URBAN DESIGN STRATEGY......Page 33
WHAT ARE CPULs?......Page 34
WHY CPULs?......Page 35
WHERE WILL CPULs BE?......Page 38
PART TWO PLANNING FOR CPULs: URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 40
3 MORE FOOD WITH LESS SPACE: WHY BOTHER?......Page 42
WHY URBAN FOOD?......Page 44
THE ENVIRONMENTAL CASE FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 45
ORGANIC URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 48
Seasonal consumption......Page 49
Local growing and trading of crops......Page 52
4 URBAN AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT......Page 55
ENERGY AND LAND-USE......Page 56
NUTRIENT FLOWS......Page 57
RELEARNING URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 58
CITIES AS SUSTAINABLE SYSTEMS......Page 61
5 FOOD MILES......Page 63
THE FOOD MILES FOOD CHAIN......Page 64
IMPLICATIONS OF THE FOOD MILES CHAIN......Page 67
FORCES BEHIND THE FOOD MILES......Page 68
SOLUTIONS......Page 69
6 SANDWELL: A RICH COUNTRY AND FOOD FOR THE POOR......Page 71
7 PLAN IT: AN INCLUSIVE APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTALLY SUSTAINABLE PLANNING......Page 75
8 NEW CITIES WITH MORE LIFE: BENEFITS AND OBSTACLES......Page 79
ECONOMIC BENEFITS......Page 80
HEALTH BENEFITS......Page 82
OBSTACLES TO URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 83
9 THE ECONOMICS OF URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 88
INTRODUCTION......Page 89
MOTIVES FOR UPA......Page 91
SUPPLY......Page 92
MARKET ENTRY, DEMAND, AND PRICES......Page 94
MACRO-ECONOMIC ASPECTS......Page 95
POLICY CONCLUSIONS......Page 96
10 CHANGING CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR: THE ROLE OF FARMERS’ MARKETS......Page 101
11 THE SOCIAL ROLE OF COMMUNITY FARMS AND GARDENS IN THE CITY......Page 105
THE BENEFITS OF A COMMUNITY GARDEN OR CITY FARM PROJECT......Page 106
POLICY ON FOOD PRODUCTION AND SUSTAINABILITY......Page 108
ENCOURAGING AN EXISTING OR NEW PROJECT......Page 109
THE FEDERATION OF CITY FARMS AND COMMUNITY GARDENS......Page 110
NOTE......Page 111
12 RECYCLING SYSTEMS AT THE URBAN SCALE......Page 112
PART THREE PLANNING FOR CPULS: OPEN URBAN SPACE......Page 116
13 FOOD IN TIME: THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH OPEN URBAN SPACE AS A EUROPEAN EXAMPLE......Page 118
WHERE WE LIVE IS WHERE WE GROW......Page 120
INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION AND SUBURBAN UTOPIAS: THE DIVORCE OF CITIES AND FOOD PRODUCTION......Page 121
URBAN FOOD AND CONFLICT......Page 124
URBAN REBUILDING AND URBAN FOOD DECLINE......Page 127
REVIVAL AND DIVERSIFICATION OF URBAN FOOD GROWING......Page 128
URBAN AGRICULTURE AND SUSTAINABILITY......Page 129
14 FOOD IN SPACE: CPULs AMONGST CONTEMPORARY OPEN URBAN SPACE......Page 131
THE OPEN URBAN SPACE ATLAS......Page 132
15 DESIGNS ON THE PLOT: THE FUTURE FOR ALLOTMENTS IN URBAN LANDSCAPES......Page 147
ALLOTMENTS AS (OPEN) GREEN SPACE......Page 148
ALLOTMENTS AS URBAN LANDSCAPE......Page 150
ALLOTMENTS AS NEGOTIATED COMMUNITIES......Page 152
THE PLOT FOR DESIGNERS......Page 153
PART FOUR PLANNING FOR CPULS: INTERNATIONAL EXPERIENCE......Page 156
16 URBAN AGRICULTURE IN HAVANA: OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE FUTURE......Page 158
THE CHALLENGE......Page 159
PEOPLE’S AND GOVERNMENT’S RESPONSE......Page 160
RURAL AGRICULTURE AND URBAN HORTICULTURE IN CUBA......Page 161
HAVANA: ANTECEDENTS AND CURRENT DEVELOPMENT......Page 163
THE EXPERIENCE OF THE 1990s......Page 165
CONCLUSIONS......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 168
17 CUBA: LABORATORY FOR URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 169
THE SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CUBAN URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 170
URBAN AGRICULTURE AT THE CITY SCALE......Page 172
THE URBAN AGRICULTURE SITE......Page 176
INFRASTRUCTURE AND URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 211
URBAN AGRICULTURE IN RESIDENTIAL AREAS......Page 212
ORGANIC URBAN AGRICULTURE......Page 213
18 URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE IN EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA: ECONOMIC, PLANNING AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS......Page 215
RESEARCH PATTERNS SINCE THE 1970s: REGIONAL AND SUBJECT FOCUS......Page 216
SUMMARY OF THE CONTEXT OF URBAN AND PERI-URBAN AGRICULTURE IN AFRICA IN CRITICAL RESEARCH AREAS......Page 218
ACTORS AND INSTITUTIONS......Page 220
CONCLUSION......Page 221
19 MOULSECOOMB: DISCOVERING A MICRO-PUL......Page 223
20 ALLOTMENTS, PLOTS AND CROPS IN BRITAIN......Page 229
THE ORGANISATION OF ALLOTMENTS......Page 230
PRACTICAL PRODUCTION ISSUES......Page 233
THE ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF UPA......Page 237
CONCLUSIONS......Page 238
21 URBAN FOOD GROWING: NEW LANDSCAPES, NEW THINKING......Page 240
THE LANDSCAPE CHARACTER OF URBAN FOOD GROWING PROJECTS......Page 241
CONCLUSION......Page 243
22 PERMACULTURE AND PRODUCTIVE URBAN LANDSCAPES......Page 244
PERMACULTURE......Page 245
23 UTILITARIAN DREAMS: EXAMPLES FROM OTHER COUNTRIES......Page 252
KATHMANDU VALLEY, NEPAL......Page 253
GABORONE, BOTSWANA......Page 254
ANOTHER MODEL......Page 256
PART FIVE CARROT AND CITY: PRACTICAL VISIONING......Page 260
24 NEW SPACE FOR OLD CITIES: VISION FOR LANDSCAPE......Page 262
SIZE......Page 263
SENSE OF OPENNESS......Page 265
LOCAL INTERACTIONS......Page 267
URBAN NATURE......Page 268
PERSISTENT VISUAL STIMULATION......Page 272
25 MORE CITY WITH LESS SPACE: VISION FOR LIFESTYLE......Page 274
VARIETY OF OCCUPATION AND OCCUPANTS......Page 275
ECONOMIC RETURN FROM LAND-USE......Page 276
INNER-CITY MOVEMENT......Page 283
ENVIRONMENTAL DELIGHT......Page 285
26 MORE OR LESS: FOOD FOR THOUGHT......Page 288
CPUL CONTACTS......Page 293
INDEX......Page 295
Color Plates......Page 304