Contemporary Political Ideologies: A Comparative Analysis. Fourteenth Edition

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 2
Copyright Page......Page 3
Dedication......Page 4
Contents......Page 5
About the Author......Page 14
Preface......Page 15
1: Ideologies: What Are They and Why Study Them?......Page 20
Ideology Defined......Page 21
Political Philosophy, Political Theory, and Political Ideology......Page 22
Social Movements And Ideologies......Page 23
Ideology And Practice......Page 24
The Marxist Approach......Page 25
Ideology as Necessary Illusion......Page 26
Ideology and Culture......Page 27
The “End of Ideology” Debate......Page 28
The Situation Today......Page 29
Postmodernism......Page 30
Ideologies To Be Considered......Page 31
Questions......Page 32
The Social System......Page 34
A Note On Terrorism......Page 36
Suggested Reading......Page 38
2: Nationalism......Page 42
Defining Nationalism......Page 44
Nationalism: Ancient or Modern?......Page 47
Regionalism......Page 48
Cosmopolitanism/Internationalism......Page 51
Nationalism In The Third World......Page 52
Stages of Development from Colony to Independence......Page 53
Movements for National Liberation......Page 54
New Nations......Page 57
Current Trends......Page 58
Secession......Page 59
Nationalism in the United States......Page 60
Failed States......Page 61
Suggested Reading......Page 62
3: Globalization: An Emerging Ideology?......Page 67
What Is Globalization?......Page 68
Empire and Empire......Page 70
Immigrants And Refugees......Page 71
Humanitarian Intervention......Page 73
Is Globalization A New Ideology?......Page 74
Suggested Reading......Page 75
4: The Principles of Democracy......Page 81
Citizen Involvement......Page 82
Elitism......Page 83
Corporatism......Page 84
Representation......Page 85
The Rule Of Law......Page 88
The Electoral System......Page 89
Political Equality......Page 93
Economic Equality......Page 96
Equality of Respect or Social Equality......Page 97
Natural Rights and Civil Rights......Page 99
Types of Liberty......Page 102
Education......Page 108
Democratization......Page 109
Civil Society......Page 111
Group Rights......Page 112
Deliberative Democracy......Page 114
Education Today......Page 115
The Revival of the Initiative, Recall, and Referendum......Page 116
National Security and Civil Liberties......Page 117
Democracy and Politics......Page 118
Suggested Reading......Page 120
5: Capitalism, Socialism, and Democracy......Page 127
The Principles of Democratic Capitalism......Page 128
Capitalism and Democracy......Page 131
Criticism of Democratic Capitalism......Page 134
The Principles of Democratic Socialism......Page 136
Socialism and Democracy......Page 139
Criticism of Democratic Socialism......Page 140
Developmental Socialism......Page 141
The Third Way......Page 142
Cooperation......Page 143
Current Trends......Page 144
Fordism and Post-Fordism......Page 146
Microfinance......Page 147
Should All Markets Be Free?......Page 148
Suggested Reading......Page 150
6: Conservatism, Liberalism, and Democracy......Page 155
Conservatism......Page 156
Liberalism......Page 159
John Rawls......Page 162
The Extreme Right......Page 164
Current Trends......Page 166
Contemporary Conservatism In The United States......Page 167
Neoconservatism......Page 168
Contemporary Liberalism In The United States......Page 169
Suggested Reading......Page 171
7: Feminism......Page 178
The Development Of Feminism......Page 179
The Personal Is The Political......Page 182
Sexism......Page 183
Socialization......Page 184
Religion......Page 185
Reform or Liberal Feminism......Page 187
Transformative Feminism......Page 188
Current Trends......Page 189
Votes for Women......Page 190
Feminism and Legal Theory......Page 191
Multiculturalism......Page 192
Reproductive Rights......Page 193
The Sex Industry......Page 194
Suggested Reading......Page 195
8: Marxism......Page 200
Alienation: The Young Marx......Page 201
Marx’s Critique of Capitalism......Page 202
Materialism......Page 205
The Class Struggle......Page 211
Revolution......Page 212
Dictatorship of the Proletariat......Page 215
Alternative Marxist Traditions......Page 218
Antonio Gramsci......Page 219
The Frankfurt School......Page 220
Current Trends......Page 221
The Relevance of Marxism Today......Page 222
Movements away from Marxism......Page 223
Suggested Reading......Page 225
9: Anarchism and Libertarianism......Page 228
Principles Of Anarchism......Page 229
Collectivist Anarchism......Page 231
Anarcho-Capitalism......Page 233
Libertarianism......Page 234
Anarchist Social Thought......Page 235
Anarchism and Globalization......Page 238
TAZ, or Temporary Autonomous Zones......Page 239
Suggested Reading......Page 240
The Theoretical Base......Page 246
Social Darwinism......Page 247
Nationalism......Page 248
Glorification of the State......Page 249
The Leadership Principle......Page 250
Racism......Page 252
Anticommunism......Page 253
The Economic System......Page 254
Neofascism......Page 255
Suggested Reading......Page 256
11: Islamic Political Ideologies......Page 258
Beliefs......Page 259
History......Page 261
Islamic Liberalism or Modernism......Page 262
Islamism......Page 264
Immigrant Islam......Page 266
African-American Islam......Page 267
Rereadings of the Qur’an......Page 268
Current Issues......Page 270
Suggested Reading......Page 273
12: Liberation Theologies......Page 280
The Marxist – Christian Dialogue......Page 282
The Principles Of Latin American Liberation Theology......Page 283
Base Communities......Page 284
Black Liberation Theology in the United States......Page 286
Asian Theologies of Liberation......Page 288
Liberation Theology In Africa......Page 290
Ecology and Globalization......Page 291
Conclusion......Page 292
Suggested Reading......Page 293
13: Environmentalism......Page 296
Origins......Page 298
Ecotopia......Page 299
The Principles Of Environmentalism......Page 300
André Gorz......Page 301
Ecofeminism......Page 302
Deep Ecology......Page 303
Neo-Luddites And The Unabomber......Page 304
Animal Rights......Page 305
Current Trends......Page 307
Bioregionalism And Biodiversity......Page 308
Global Warming......Page 309
Other Developments And Trends......Page 310
Suggested Reading......Page 313
Human Nature......Page 318
Obligation......Page 319
Law......Page 320
Equality......Page 321
Justice......Page 322
Social Stratification And Mobility......Page 323
Socialization......Page 324
The Political System......Page 325
Glossary......Page 327
Biographical Notes......Page 334
Index......Page 347