Contemporary Human Geography

About this Book
	Cover Page
	Inside Front Cover
	Halftitle Page
	Title Page
	Copyright Page
	Contents in Brief
	Contents
	Dear Reader
	Preface
	About the Authors
Chapter 1 Human Geography: A Cultural Approach
	Our Cultural Approach to Human Geography
	Many Cultures
		Folk Culture
		Indigenous Culture
		Popular Culture
		Cultural Diversification
	Three Perspectives on Human Geography
		Spatial Modeling Perspective
		Humanistic Perspective
		Social Theoretical Perspective
	The Visualization Tools of Human Geography
		Longitude and Latitude
		Geography @ Work: Matt Rosenberg, Geography Expert for About.com
		Geospatial Technologies
	Organizing Themes for Contemporary Human Geography
	Region
		Formal Regions
		Functional Regions
		Vernacular Regions
	Mobility
		Diffusion
		Migration
		The Video Connection: West Virginia, Still Home
	Globalization
	Nature–Culture
		Environmental Determinism
		Possibilism
		Environmental Perception
		Humans as Modifiers of the Earth
		Subject to Debate: Human Activities and Global Climate Change
	Cultural Landscape
		World Heritage Site: The Great Zimbabwe National Monument
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Space, Place, and Knowing Your Way Around
			Experiential Learning: The Privatization of Public Space
		Seeing Geography: Noyo Harbor in Northern California
Chapter 2 Geographies of Cultural Difference: One World or Many?
	Region
		U.S College Sports
			Ice Hockey
			Lacrosse
			Volleyball
		Indigenous Culture Regions
			North American Indigenous Culture Regions
			Central and South American Indigenous Culture Regions
			South Asian Indigenous Culture Regions
		LGBT Districts
		The Video Connection: An Attack on Equality
	Mobility
		Vampire Tourism
			The Curse of Dracula, Revisited
			Cashing In on the Count
		Sudanese Diaspora Culture
		Subject to Debate: Mobile Identities: Questions of Culture and Citizenship
		Barriers to the Movement of Digital Information
	Globalization
		The Differing Experiences of Time and Space
		Are Cultures Homogenizing Under Globalization?
		Local Indigenous Cultures Go Global
	Nature–Culture
		Indigenous Ecology and Property Rights
			Indigenous Technical Knowledge
			Indigenous Encounters with the Global Economy
		Folk Ecology
		Nature and Gender
		Nature in Popular Culture
		Animal Geographies
	Cultural Landscape
		Folk Architecture in North America
		World Heritage Site: Decorated Farmhouses of Hälsingland
		Folk Architecture Around the World
			Nipa Huts of the Philippines
			Ndebele Painted Houses of Southern Africa
		Landscapes of Consumption
		Leisure and Amenity Landscapes
		Working Landscapes
			Ranching Landscapes of the West
			The Wine Country of California
			The “Old West” Versus the “New West”
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Place Image in the Media
			Experiential Learning: Self-Representation of Indigenous Culture
		Seeing Geography: Camping in the “Great Outdoors”
Chapter 3 Population Geography: A Demographic Portrait
	Region
		Population Distribution and Density
		Patterns of Natality
		Patterns of Mortality
		The Demographic Transition
		Age Distributions
		The Geography of Gender
		Subject to Debate: Female: An Endangered Gender?
	Mobility
		Migration
		The Video Connection: Paraíso
		Diseases on the Move
	Globalization
		Population Explosion?
			Malthus Versus the Cornucopians
			The Slowdown of World Population Growth
		The Rule of 72
		Population Control Programs
	Nature–Culture
		The Environmental Influence on Population
		Environmental Perception and Its Impact on Settlement and Migration
		Population Density and Environmental Alteration
			Environmental Changes in Mexico City
			Environmental Refugees
		Geography @ Work: Aaron Hoard, Deputy Director, Office of Regional and Community Relations, University of Washington
	Cultural Landscape
		Diverse Settlement Types
		World Heritage Site: Pico Island Vineyard
		Landscapes and Demographic Change
			Depopulation in History: Ancient Rome
			Bogotá Rising
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Refugee Movements
			Experiential Learning: Public Space, Personal Space: Too Close for Comfort?
		Seeing Geography: Kolkata, India
Chapter 4 The Geography of Language: Locating the Spoken Word
	Region
		Language Classifications
		Language Families
			Indo-European Language Family
			Sino-Tibetan Language Family
			Afro-Asiatic Language Family
			Other Major Language Families
	Mobility
		Indo-European Diffusion
		Migration and the Survival of Language
		Subject to Debate: Imposing English
		Religion and Linguistic Mobility
		Language’s Shifting Boundaries
	Globalization
		The Video Connection: Who Speaks Wukchumni?
		Technology, Language, and Empire
		Texting and Language Modification
		Language Proliferation: One or Many?
		Language and Cultural Survival
	Nature–Culture
		Habitat and Vocabulary
		Natural Environment and Language Sounds
		Habitat Helps Channel Language
		Habitat Provides Refuge
	Cultural Landscape
		Linguistic Landscapes and Their Messages
		Toponyms
			Generic Toponyms of the United States
			Toponyms and Cultures of the Past
			The Political Economy of Toponyms
		World Heritage Site: Alhambra, Generalife, Albayzín
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Listening to the Dialects of English
			Experiential Learning: Exploring the Political Economy of Purchased Place-Names
		Seeing Geography: Feisbuquear: “To Facebook”
Chapter 5 Geographies of Race and Ethnicity: Melting Pot or Salad Bowl?
	Region
		Race or Ethnicity: What’s the Difference?
			Race
			Subject to Debate: Racism: An Embarrassment of the Past, or Here to Stay?
			Ethnicity
		Ethnic Homelands and Islands
		Ethnic Neighborhoods and Racialized Ghettos
		Recent Shifts in Ethnic Populations
	Mobility
		Migration and Ethnicity
			Forced Migration
		World Heritage Site: Island of Gorée
			Return Migration
		Everyday Mobility and Race
		The Video Connection: An Education in Equality
	Globalization
		A Long View of Race and Ethnicity
		Race and European Colonization
		Twentieth-Century Genocides
		Indigenous and Minority Identities in the Face of Globalization
	Nature–Culture
		Cultural Preadaptation
		Cultural Simplification and Isolation
		Habitat and the Preservation of Difference
		Environmental Racism
	Cultural Landscape
		Urban Ethnic Landscapes
		The Re-Creation of Ethnic Cultural Landscapes
			Cuban Americans in Miami
			Geography @ Work: Vivian Gonzalez, Morning Meteorologist, WSVN Channel 7, Miami, Florida
			Vietnamese Americans in New Orleans
		History and Race in the Cultural Landscape
		Ethnic Culinary Landscapes
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Understanding Implicit Biases
			Experiential Learning: Tracing Ethnic Foodways Through Recipes
		Seeing Geography: America’s Ethnic Foodscape
Chapter 6 Political Geography: A Divided World
	Region
		A World of Nation-States
			The Idea of the Nation-State
			Multinational States, Multistate Nations
		Geographic Variation in Nation-State Territories
			Shape and Configuration
			Types of Boundaries
		Territorial Coherence and Fragmentation
			Centripetal and Centrifugal Forces
			Separatist Movements
			Irredentist Movements
			Stateless Nations
		Internal Organization of Territory
		Geography and the Vote
			Gerrymandering
			Red States, Blue States
	Mobility
		The Diffusion of Political Authority
		The Diffusion of Political Innovation
		The Forced Mobility of Violent Conflict
			Ethnic Cleansing
			Armed Conflict
			International Response
		Transborder Mobility in Cyberspace
		Subject to Debate: Whither the Political Promise of the Internet?
	Globalization
		Globalization and Sovereignty
		Supranational Political Bodies
		The Condition of Transnationality
	Nature–Culture
		State Policies and Land Management
		Geopolitics
			The Heartland Theory
			Buffer and Satellite States
			Geopolitics Today
		Rising Seas, Changing Borders
			The Video Connection: Vanishing Island
			Estimates of Sea Level Rise
			Territorial Seas
		National Militaries and the Environment
	Cultural Landscape
		Legal Codes and National Landscapes
		Border Landscapes
		National Iconography in the Landscape
		World Heritage Site: Tiwanaku: Spiritual and Political Center of the Tiwanaku Culture
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: The Role of Twitter Bots in Democratic Elections
			Experiential Learning: The Complex Geography of Congressional Redistricting
		Seeing Geography: Art in the Borderland
Chapter 7 The Geography of Religion: Spaces and Places of Sacredness
	Region
		Classifying Religions
			Proselytic and Ethnic Religions
			Monotheistic and Polytheistic Religions
			Syncretic and Orthodox Religions
		Subject to Debate: Religious Fundamentalism
		Religious Culture Regions
			Judaism
			Christianity
		The Video Connection: Bible Belt Atheist
			Islam
			Hinduism
			Buddhism
			Taoic Religions
			Animism
	Mobility
		The Semitic Religious Hearth
		The Indus-Ganges Religious Hearth
		The East Asian Religious Hearth
		Religious Pilgrimage
	Globalization
		The Rise of Evangelical Protestantism in Latin America
		Religion on the Internet
		Religion’s Relevance in a Global World
	Nature–Culture
		Appeasing the Forces of Nature
		The Impacts of Belief Systems on Plants, Animals, and Food
		Geography @ Work: Robert Szypko, First-Grade Teacher, Success Academy, Bedford-Stuyvesant, New York
		Ecotheology
			Judaism and Christianity and Nature
			Buddhism and Hinduism and Cremation
			Ecofeminism
	Cultural Landscape
		Religious Structures
		Faithful Details
		Landscapes of the Dead
		Sacred Spaces
		World Heritage Site: The Old City of Jerusalem and Its Walls
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Navigating the Religious Landscape of the United States
			Experiential Learning: The Making of Sacred Spaces
		Seeing Geography: Parking Lot Shrine
Chapter 8 The Geography of Agriculture and Food: Shaping the Land, Feeding the World
	Region
		Classifying Agricultural Practices
		Crop-Based Systems
			Slash-and-Burn Agriculture
			Paddy Rice Farming
			Cereal–Root Crop Mixed Farming
			Plantation Agriculture
			Market Gardening and Truck Farming
			Grain Farming
		Animal-Rearing Systems
			Pastoralism
			Livestock Ranching
			Livestock Fattening
			Dairying
		Other Food Production Systems
			Urban Agriculture
			Aquaculture
		Nonagricultural Food Production
		The Von Thünen Model
	Mobility
		Ancient Origins and Diffusion of Domestication
			Plant Domestication
			Animal Domestication
		Modern Diffusions
		Agricultural Labor Mobility
	Globalization
		The Global Food System
			Historical Perspective
			Agricultural Industrialization and Technological Changes
			The Rise of Multinational Corporations in Agriculture
		Problems and Alternatives
			The Persistence of Food Deprivation
			Food Fears
			Alternatives to the Global Food System
	Nature–Culture
		The Environmental Costs of Industrial Agriculture
			The Limits of Industrial Water Control
			Agrichemicals: Faustian Bargain?
		Agriculture and Global Climate Change
			The Unfolding Effects of Climate Change
			The Effects of Agriculture on Climate
		Reducing Agriculture’s Environmental and Health Damage
			Sustainable Agriculture
			Don’t Panic, It’s Organic
		The Video Connection: The Marijuana Divide
		Green Fuels from Agriculture
		Subject to Debate: Can Biofuels Save the Planet?
	Cultural Landscape
		Cadastral Surveys and Field Patterns
		Fencing and Hedging
		Agricultural Landscape Protection
		World Heritage Site: Honghe Hani Rice Terraces
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Analyzing the Geography of Foodborne Outbreaks
			Experiential Learning: The Global Geography of Food
		Seeing Geography: Reading Agricultural Landscapes
Chapter 9 Development Geography: Transforming Landscapes of Well-Being
	Region
		A Brief History of Development
			Stages of Economic Growth
			World Systems Theory
			Many Worlds
			A Contemporary Approach to Development
		Measuring Development
			Economic Measures of Development
			Development as Quality of Life
			The Sustainable Development Goals
			Development, Freedom, and Happiness
		Categorizing Types of Economic Activity by Sector
		Development Actors
	Mobility
		Transportation and Industrialization
		Geography @ Work: Matthew Toro, Director of Map, Imagery, and Geospatial Services, Arizona State University
		Transportation and the Colonial Legacy
		Transportation Haves and Have-Nots
			Singapore: A Transportation Infrastructure Reboot
			The United States: A Transportation Infrastructure Left Behind
			Nicaragua: The Hovering Elite
	Globalization
		Postdevelopment and the Rise of the Global South
		Technology and the Global South
		The Video Connection: Wiring the Amazon
		Gender, Globalization, and Development
		Subject to Debate: Microfinance and Development
		Celebrities and Development
	Nature–Culture
		Renewable Resource Crises
		World Heritage Site: Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes
		Global Climate Change
		The Environmental Consequences of Powering Industrialization
			Renewable Energy Sources
			China’s Harmful Air Quality
	Cultural Landscape
		Cultural Landscapes of Resource Extraction
		Cultural Landscapes of Industry and Services
		Emerging Cultural Landscapes of the Internet
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Development by the Numbers
			Experiential Learning: The Where and Why of What You Wear
		Seeing Geography: Mapping the Life of a Smartphone
Chapter 10 Urban Geography: A World of Cities
	Region
		Patterns and Processes of Urbanization
		The Rise of Cities
		Urban Hearth Areas
		Imperialism and Urbanization
			Cities and Conquest
			Ancient Empires and Imperial Expansion
		Cities of the Industrial Revolution
		Modern Urban Locations
	Mobility
		Rural-to-Urban Migration
		World Heritage Site: Rio de Janeiro: Carioca Landscapes between the Mountains and the Sea
		When Are Cities Too Large?
		Urban Primacy
		Urban Transportation
		The Downsides to Urban Car Culture
	Globalization
		Global Cities
		The Globalization of Urban Wealth and Poverty
	Nature–Culture
		Urban Weather and Climate
			Urban Hydrology
			Urban Vegetation
		Cities and Environmental Vulnerability
			Environmental Effects
			Subject to Debate: Can Urbanization Be Environmentally Sustainable?
			Natural Disasters
		Urbanization, Sustainability, and Resilience
	Cultural Landscape
		Gentrification
			Economic Factors
			Political Factors
			Sexuality and Gentrification
			The Costs of Gentrification
			The Livable City
		The Right to the City
		The Video Connection: “Vic Invades”: The Life of an Urban Explorer
	Conclusion
		Chapter Summary
		Key Terms
		Doing Geography
			Active Learning: Adapting to Climate Change
			Experiential Learning: Create a Walking Tour of Your Urban Landscape
		Seeing Geography: Melbourne, Australia
Appendix: The Language and Meaning of Maps
Glossary
References
Index
Back Cover