Contaminated Soil ’95: Proceedings of the Fifth International FZK/TNO Conference on Contaminated Soil, 30 October–3 November 1995, Maastricht, The Netherlands

Front Matter....Pages i-liii
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Soil Degradation and Contamination: A Global Perspective....Pages 3-13
Lessons from the Soil....Pages 15-24
Front Matter....Pages 25-27
Progress in Clean-Up and Technological Developments in U.S. Superfund Program....Pages 29-38
The Contaminated Sites Policy in Flanders (Belgium)....Pages 39-48
Contaminated Soil Sites in Finland, Present Situation and Policy Goals....Pages 49-53
Planned Legal Regulations on Soil Conservation and Rehabilitation of Contaminated Sites in The Federal Republic of Germany....Pages 55-59
United States/German Bilateral Agreement on Hazardous Waste Site Clean-Up Projects....Pages 61-74
UK Contaminated Land Policy Developments....Pages 75-83
The Master Plan for Soil Protection of the Basque Autonomous Community....Pages 85-86
Legislation for Soil Quality Protection and Contaminated Sites Reclamation in Regione Lombardia (Italy)....Pages 87-88
Contaminated Land and Groundwater Quality: The Need for Clean-Up....Pages 89-90
International Ad Hoc Working Group on Contaminated Land....Pages 91-92
The French Water Agencies Contaminated Sites Remediation Program: An Example of Public Policy....Pages 93-94
Polish-German Cooperation in the Field of Soil Protection....Pages 95-96
Remediation Strategies for Contaminated (Former) Military Sites....Pages 97-98
Integral Approach to Contaminated Sites Management in Urban-Industrial Agglomerates of Developing Countries-Example São Paulo, Brazil....Pages 99-100
Standards and Protocols for Evaluating Innovative Technologies in the United States and Germany — A Market Perspective....Pages 101-102
The Austrian Register of Contaminated Sites....Pages 103-104
Front Matter....Pages 105-107
On-Site Versus Off-Site Analysis; a Matter of Balance Between Heterogeneity and Accuracy....Pages 109-112
Quality Trade-Offs in Site Investigations: Advantages of Using Test Methods Instead of Laboratory Analyses....Pages 113-123
Front Matter....Pages 105-107
Site Investigation Patterns for Solid Soil Matrices of Contaminated Sites Used by the Metal-Working Industry: Tools for Technical Preliminary and Orientational Investigations Within the Risk Assessment....Pages 125-134
Sampling Strategies — An Important Choice in Site Investigations....Pages 135-144
Developments in Site Investigation Methods for the Ground Beneath Planned, Operating and Abandoned Waste Disposal Sites....Pages 145-151
Regional Distribution Patterns of Heavy Metals in Sediments Dredged from a Harbour Basin....Pages 153-161
Strategy for Environmental Soil Investigation for Pipeline Construction. Approach and Evaluation....Pages 163-170
3D Vertical Circulation Flows around Groundwater Circulation Wells (GZB) for Aquifer Remediation: Numerical Calculations and Field Experiments....Pages 171-181
On-Site Free and Bound Water Determination of Contaminated Soil....Pages 183-184
Fate of Jet Fuel Derived Hydrocarbons in the Unsaturated Soil Zone under the Influence of Deicing Chemicals....Pages 185-186
Classification Concept of Substrates and Soils from Urban and Industrial Sites....Pages 187-188
Electrical Methods to Monitor Pollutant Diffusion....Pages 189-190
Research on the Spatial Variability of Three Sediment Types in Flanders....Pages 191-192
Detection of Contaminated Land Using a Hyperspectral Imaging Spectrometer in a Solar Powered Airship Description of a Project....Pages 193-194
Applications of the Transient Tracers Tritium/Helium-3, and Chlorofluorocarbons for Tracing and Age-Dating Young Ground Water: Field Examples from the USA and Germany....Pages 195-196
Rehabilitating Open Dump Sites....Pages 197-198
Inventory of Ancient Mining Dumps in Baden-Württemberg, FRG....Pages 199-200
Guiding Field Activities by Using Rapid, Cost Effective Analyses Performed in a Fixed Laboratory....Pages 201-202
Specification Requirements for Ground Investigations of Contaminated Land....Pages 203-204
Optimization of a cleanup using moving window kriging....Pages 205-206
Methodology for Linking Site-Specific Information to a Customised in Situ Solution....Pages 207-208
Post-Closure Surveys of an Industrial Site: A Case Study....Pages 209-210
Front Matter....Pages 105-107
Computer Aided Evaluation of Groundwater Samples....Pages 211-212
The Contents and Availabilities of Heavy Metals in Soils from Oberhausen (Ruhr Industrial Area) Which Were Transformed by Urban and Industrial Impact....Pages 213-214
The Use of VOC Multisensors Data for the Rapid Cartography of Organic Contamination Heterogeneities and Better Sampling Strategies....Pages 215-216
Soil Vapor Investigation and On-Site Analyses to Determine Groundwater Contamination Plumes....Pages 217-218
Analysis of Inactive Waste Deposits and Landfills: Methodical and Economical Optimization of Data Acquisition....Pages 219-220
The Modelling of Multiphase Flow and Transport Processes in Porous Media....Pages 221-222
A New Method for Assessing Petroleum Hydrocarbon Contamination of Soil in the Field....Pages 223-224
Prediction Uncertainty Associated with Simulated Field-Scale Water Flow....Pages 225-226
Magnetic Survey of Non-Controlled Landfills: A Case History....Pages 227-228
An Integral Approach to Soil Investigations in the Old Harbour District Schiehaven / Müllerpier in Rotterdam....Pages 229-230
Remediation and Definitive Groundwater Protection from Petroleum Hydrocarbons — Horny Hricov....Pages 231-232
Multisampling, Fast Field GC-MS-Analysis and Statistics for Site Investigation and Remediation of Inhomogeneous Soil Contaminations....Pages 233-234
Adequate and Efficient Handling of the Consequences of Dispersed Pollution in Urban Areas; Use and Function of Soil Quality Maps....Pages 235-236
Remediation of a Mercury-Contaminated Site in Egypt....Pages 237-238
Design of Studies in Evaluating Effects of Mining on Aquatic Ecosystems....Pages 239-240
Techniques to Assess the Reliability of Site Investigation Data....Pages 241-242
Resolving the Heterogeneity of Tarry Wastes During Investigation of Acid Tar Pits....Pages 243-244
Investigation and Remediation of Gaswork Sites: Facts and Fiction....Pages 245-246
Mathematical Groundwater Modelling of Industrial Sites: A useful Tool for environmental Monitoring and Remediation....Pages 247-248
Systematic Design of Monitoring Schemes....Pages 249-250
Front Matter....Pages 105-107
The Risk of Risk Assessment and Site Investigation in Dependence on Sampling and Data Analysis — A Case History of a Saxonian Industrial Site....Pages 251-252
Importance of Variability in Moisture Content in the Soil While Mapping Ground Layers with ‘Ground-Penetrating Radar’....Pages 253-254
An Optimized Interpolation-Kriging Method for the Study of Spatiality Distributed Parameters from Contaminated Sites....Pages 255-256
Estimation of Horizontal and Vertical Conductivities with Pumping Test at Single Multilevel Wells....Pages 257-259
Monitoring of the Isolated Waste Disposal Site Hamburg-Georgswerder....Pages 261-262
Experience of Environmental Assessments in Hungary....Pages 263-264
Differential Reactions of Lumbricids to Radioactive Pollution in Various Biotopes of Chernobyl Region....Pages 265-266
A Method to Determine the Degree of Heterogeneity of Soils at Various Scales....Pages 267-268
Heavy Metals in Soils and Plants of Allotment Gardens in the City of Zurich (Switzerland)....Pages 269-270
Register of Radioactively Contaminated Sites — Example of the Suspected Area “Freital”....Pages 271-273
Evaluation of Investigation Strategies for an Old Municipal Dumping Site....Pages 275-276
Sampling of Anaerobic Groundwater....Pages 277-278
Front Matter....Pages 279-281
Heavy Metal Immision and Fate According to a Dynamic Balance Approach....Pages 283-292
Changes in Microstructure Influence the Transport of Hazardous Hydrocarbons in Clays....Pages 293-302
Modelling and Assessing the Impact of Diffuse Sources on Soil Quality....Pages 303-311
A Natural Gradient Tracer Experiment in a Heterogeneous Aquifer Showing Natural Attenuation....Pages 313-318
 In-Situ Bioremediation of Mineral Oil Contaminated Soils and Aquifers: Quantification of Degradation Rates and Fate of Hydrocarbons....Pages 319-326
Limitations to the In-Situ Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Organic Chemicals in Relation to the Potential to Achieve Clean-Up Criteria....Pages 327-336
Biological Treatment of TNT-Contaminated Soil by a Two-Stage Anaerobic/Aerobic Process....Pages 337-346
Soil Background Values in Germany....Pages 347-356
Front Matter....Pages 279-281
Soil Parameters Influencing of PCB Sorption....Pages 357-358
Fate of Phenanthrene and the Induced Ecotoxicity Under Biodegradative Conditions in Five Contrasted Soil Materials of European Areas....Pages 359-360
Investigations on the Effects of Different Solids on the Biodegradation of Mineral Oil Hydrocarbons in the Slurry Phase....Pages 361-362
Fate of phosphorus in soils as a threat for surface water....Pages 363-364
Evolution and Biodedegradation of PCB’s in Soil....Pages 365-366
Monitoring of Contaminant Release from Estuarine Sediments at Inverkeithing Bay Scotland....Pages 367-368
The Mobility of Hydrocarbons at Unsaturated Water Conductivity Under Field and Laboratory Conditions....Pages 369-370
Contaminant Detection by Soil Gas Surveys....Pages 371-373
In-Situ Determination of Retention Processes in Artifical and Natural Mineral Layers Under Landfills and Contaminated Sites....Pages 375-376
Microbial PAH Degradation in Soil Material from a Contaminated Site — Mass Balance Experiments with Pleurotus Ostreatus and Different 14 C-PAH....Pages 377-378
Effects of Oil Contaminations on the Mobility of Polychlorinated Dioxines, Biphenyls and Other Related Compounds in the Soil/Water System....Pages 379-380
Modelling Contaminant Movement into Simple Cover Systems....Pages 381-382
The Mobility and Environmental Impact of Vanadium Contaminated Flue Ash in a Wetland Environment....Pages 383-384
Sorption of Polar Degradation Products of Lubricating Oil onto Subsoil Particles....Pages 385-386
Prevention of Colliery Waste Material Acidification by Addition of Thermally Treated Soil Material....Pages 387-388
Mobilization of HCH’s and PAH’s from Polluted Wetland Soils Near Bitterfeld and the Role of Dissolved Organic Matter....Pages 389-390
Basin Population Density and Sedimental Concentration of Chemicals....Pages 391-392
Influence of Soil Characteristic on Degradation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrene and Chrysene....Pages 393-393
A Field Experiment to Study the Behaviour of Perchloro-Ethylene in the Unsaturated Zone....Pages 395-396
Migration of Organic Contaminants from an Abandoned Hazardous Waste Dumpsite — A Case Study....Pages 397-398
Front Matter....Pages 279-281
Substrate Range of the (Chloro)Biphenyl Degradation Pathway of Alcaligenes Sp. JB1....Pages 399-400
Gaseous Diffusion of Volatile Organic Compounds Through Soil and Covering Systems....Pages 401-402
Halogenes in Soil Animal Bodies: A Background Level....Pages 403-404
Speciation of Chromium from Soil....Pages 405-406
Desorption of Hydrophobic PAHs from Contaminated Soil: Influence of Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM)....Pages 407-408
Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil Suspensions Separated by Soil Washing....Pages 409-410
Distribution and Mobilisation of Nitroaromatic Compounds in a Former Military Shooting Area....Pages 411-412
The Fate of Arsenic Derived from Mine Tailings in Soils — A Case Study....Pages 413-414
PAH-degradation in soil: Microbial activation or inoculation? A comparative evaluation with different supplements and soil materials....Pages 415-416
Adsorption and Desorption Kinetics of a Hydrophobic Organic Compound on Natural Organic Matter....Pages 417-418
Transport in Relation to Physical Heterogeneity....Pages 419-420
Speciation of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge....Pages 421-421
Reductive Dechlorination of Chlorinated Dibenzo- p -Dioxins by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from Lake Ketelmeer Sediment....Pages 423-424
The Role of Metal-Ligand Complexation Equilibria in the Retention and Mobilization of Heavy Metals in Soil....Pages 425-426
Emission of PAH’s from Aged Soil Contamination at Former Gasworks....Pages 427-428
Cadmium Accumulation in Cress as a Measure for Bioavailable Pore Water Concentration....Pages 429-430
Front Matter....Pages 431-433
Redox Effects on Metal Release from Contaminated Sediments — Concepts, Processes, Experiments, Prognosis and Remediation....Pages 435-444
Sorption of Organic Contaminants to Soil in Rotterdam....Pages 445-452
Volatile Organic Compounds and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soils Polluted by Industrial Activities: Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR) as an Investigation Tool....Pages 453-462
Case Study: the Use of Field Screening Methods with the Sensor Technique....Pages 463-472
Front Matter....Pages 431-433
Development of an Integrated Contaminated Sediments Assessment Approach in Flanders....Pages 473-479
Characterization of PAH’ S Contaminated Soils by HPLC/DAD and HRGC/MS....Pages 481-482
Separation and Characterization of Crude Oil Compounds from the Oil Contaminated Soil....Pages 483-484
Characterization of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Herbicides for Use as Landfill Liner Material....Pages 485-486
Extraction and Analysis of Pollutants from Physical Contaminated Environments....Pages 487-488
Assessment of the Bio-Activity and Bio-Availability in Oil Contaminated Soils with a Biological Activity Test....Pages 489-490
Assessing the Suitability of Contaminated Soils for Soil Washing....Pages 491-493
Changes of Metals Forms During the Thermophilic Digestion of Municipal and Tannery Wastes....Pages 495-495
Lead, Cadmium and Other Toxic Metal Contamination in Various Roadside Ecosystems in Hungary....Pages 497-498
Supercritical Fluid Extraction — a rapid extraction method for the characterization of contaminated soil....Pages 499-500
A Summary of Treatability Studies for Cesium Contaminated Soils at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory....Pages 501-502
Soil Analyses in the Rothamsted Park Grass Experiment....Pages 503-504
Transformation of Elemental Mercury to Organic Mercury Species at Sites of Former Caustic Soda Plants in East-Germany....Pages 505-506
Strategies for an Exact Determination of Age of Hydrocarbon-Based Soil Contaminations....Pages 507-507
Alternative Sampling Method for Site Screening of VOCs in (Deep) Groundwater....Pages 509-510
Pretreatment of Soil Samples: A Necessity for Obtaining High Quality Analytical Results....Pages 511-512
A description of the distribution of heavy metals in soils and sediments containing iron oxides and consequences for the decontamination process....Pages 513-514
Heavy Metals in Bottom Sediments of Volga Delta....Pages 515-516
Contamination of Agricultural Soil — As Evaluated on the Basis of Metals, Sulphur and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Content....Pages 517-518
New Strategies for Quality Assurance in Fast Soil Analysis in the Field....Pages 519-520
Front Matter....Pages 431-433
Evaluation of Sediment Contamination in Harbour Canals and Basins in View of Bioremediation Process....Pages 521-522
Gore-Sorber Screening Surveys — A Passive Sorptive Method for Detecting Organic Compounds in Soil and Groundwater....Pages 523-524
Determination of Mass Transfer Rates in an Aquifer Sand of Low Organic Carbon Content — Laboratory Experiments....Pages 525-526
Assessment of Bioavailability of Metals to Plants with Metplate, A Microbiological Test....Pages 527-528
Quantitative determination of sulphur in contaminated sediments by means of wavelength dispersive X-ray spectroscopy involving sulphur speciation....Pages 529-530
Floating Layer Detection with the Hydrocarbon Probe: Results, Calibration, and Sampling Strategy....Pages 531-532
Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Extraction for the Quantitative Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Soil Samples....Pages 533-534
Chemical Characterisation of an Arsenic Contamination and Its Changes Through Remediation by Chemical Fixation with Concrete....Pages 535-536
Characterization of Contaminated Soil with Immunoassay Tests for Site Remediation by Excavation....Pages 537-538
The Influence of Oil on the Sorption of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (Pah) on Different Soils....Pages 539-540
Front Matter....Pages 541-543
Occurrence and Evaluation of Volatile Substances at Toxic Waste Sites in Relation to Environmental Medicine....Pages 545-550
Modeling Voc Migration and Vapor Intrusion Into Building Indoor Air from Subsurface Soil Sources....Pages 551-556
Risk Assessment of Lead in Soil: an Alternative Approach to Calculate Maximum Tolerable Levels....Pages 557-564
Risk Assessment, Risk Acceptance and Risk Management: A Psychological Decision Theorist’s View....Pages 565-579
Risc: Computer Models for Soil Investigation, Risk Analysis and Urgency Estimation....Pages 581-588
Applications of a Risk-Based Corrective Action Framework for Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Soil and Groundwater....Pages 589-596
The Need for Risk Communication in Support of Risk Assessment....Pages 597-598
Comparative Study on Nitrate Determination in Plant Material....Pages 599-600
Multispecies Test-Systems in Soil Ecotoxicology: Case Study....Pages 601-602
Risk Assessment for Nature Development on Polluted Soils....Pages 603-604
Front Matter....Pages 541-543
A Prioritization System for Former Gasworks Sites Based on the Sensitivity of the Environment....Pages 605-606
Impact of Emissions Loaded with Heavy Metals on Soil and Plant....Pages 607-608
Plant Test as an Index of Decontamination of Soil Polluted with Heavy Metals....Pages 609-610
Development of a Standardized Soil Ecotoxicity Test with platynothrus Peltifer (Acari: Oribatida), Using Copper as a Reference Chemical....Pages 611-612
Risc-Human: A Computer Model for Calculating Site Specific Human Exposure....Pages 613-614
State of Heavy Metal Contamination in the Allotments Situated in The Upper Silesia Region of Poland....Pages 615-616
Probabilistic Risk Assessment for Landfill Regulation....Pages 617-618
Ecotoxicological Testing of Contaminated Soil....Pages 619-620
Validation of the Csoil Model Intended to Quantify Human Exposure to Soil Pollution....Pages 621-622
Probabilistic Human Health Risk Assessment for Contaminant Exposures....Pages 623-624
Acute Toxicity of Some Industrial Chemicals....Pages 625-626
Influence of Soil Contamination (Heavy Metals, Aromatic Hydrocarbons) on Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi, an Important Group of Symbiotic Fungi....Pages 627-628
Predicting Trace Metal Uptake by Vegetables Grown in Contaminated Soils....Pages 629-630
Soils Contaminated with Lead and Antimony from Sports Shooting....Pages 631-632
Derivation of Risk Based Cleanup Criteria Following a Major Gasoline Accident in a Residential Area....Pages 633-634
Evaluation of the Hazardous Capacity of Contaminants on Industrial Waste Disposal Sites by Danger Scores....Pages 635-636
Formausedriskassessmentprocedures Fortheredevelopment of Contaminated Land....Pages 637-638
Safety Provisions at the Technical Examination of Abandoned Waste Sites Under the Special Regard of the Risks Caused by Landfill Gas....Pages 639-640
Sensitivity and Indicator Function of Bioassays....Pages 641-642
Concentration of Microorganisms in Soil and Air Samples from a Microbiological Soil Remediation Plant....Pages 643-644
Front Matter....Pages 541-543
Influence of Temperature and Humidity Fluctuations on the Sensitivity of folsomia Candida (Collembola) for Zinc....Pages 645-646
Risc-Transport: A Computer Model for Calculating the Transport of Contaminants in the Saturated Zone....Pages 647-648
Guideline for Contaminated Sites in Baden-WÜRttemberg - Scientific Rationale for the Soil Assessment Values....Pages 649-650
Radiological Assessment of Sites for Copper Ore Smelting....Pages 651-652
Toxicological Risk Evaluation of an Inhabited Disused Munitions Plant in Empelde....Pages 653-658
Front Matter....Pages 659-661
Standardization and Quality Control of Soil Investigation - Regulatory Aspects and International Dimensions....Pages 663-672
Standards and Protocols, a Scottish Case Study....Pages 673-679
Soil Quality Criteria and Remediation Goals for Regione Lombardia’s Legislation on Soil Quality Protection and Contaminated Sites Reclamation....Pages 681-690
Generic Values to Assess Soil Quality in the Basque Autonomous Community: Ecological Criteria....Pages 691-700
Uk Standard Procedures for Contaminated Land....Pages 701-709
Soil Levels Based on the German Soil Protection Bill....Pages 711-719
Pollutant Radionuclide Geochemistry in Saltmarsh Sediments....Pages 721-722
Quality Assurance and Quality Control During the Installation Process of a Vertical Slurry Wall of Plastic Concrete....Pages 723-724
Reference Level for Soils in the Basque Autonomous Community....Pages 725-726
Soil Standards in Flanders....Pages 727-729
Analytical Procedures for the Analysis of Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils....Pages 731-732
The Potential Problem Associated with Setting Water Quality Standards for Naturally Occurring Substances: Case Study Boron....Pages 733-734
Japan’s National Soil Quality Standards as Expanded in 1994....Pages 735-736
Radiocaesium Behaviour in Scottish Upland Soils....Pages 737-738
Setting Soil Quality Standards for Health Protection in the Basque Autonomous Community....Pages 739-740
Front Matter....Pages 659-661
Development of remediation goals in the unsaturated zone for groundwater protection....Pages 741-742
Sampling and Biodegradation of Very Volatile Organoha-Logens (VVOX)....Pages 743-744
Application of the Rotterdam Soil Research Manual....Pages 745-746
Setting Remedial Standards with Respect to Groundwater: Experiences with the Procedure Used in Baden-WÜRttemberg....Pages 747-748
The Use of Toxicological Data in Setting Soil Guideline Values....Pages 749-750
Communication Essential for an Effective Soil Clean-Up Operation....Pages 751-752
Development of a Protocol for “Further Investigation of Contaminated Sites....Pages 753-754
Quality Assurance in Environmental Consultancy: A Quality Approach for Contaminated Land Consultancy....Pages 755-756
Back Matter....Pages Iiii-lxxxi