Construction quantity surveying: a practical guide for the contractor's QS

Construction Quantity Surveying: A Practical Guide for the Contractor’s QS......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
1.1 The construction industry......Page 13
1.2 The client’s team......Page 14
1.2.1 The professional quantity surveyor (PQS)......Page 16
1.2.2 Architect......Page 17
1.2.3 Structural engineer......Page 18
1.2.4 Civil engineer......Page 19
1.2.5 Service engineers......Page 20
1.2.6 Main contractor......Page 21
1.3 Legislation and control of the building process......Page 22
1.3.1 Planning approval......Page 23
1.3.2 Building Regulations and control......Page 24
1.3.3 Health and safety......Page 25
1.4 Industry networking......Page 26
1.4.1 RICS......Page 27
1.4.2 CIOB......Page 28
1.5 Funding and market drivers......Page 31
1.6 Economic and construction cycles......Page 33
1.7 Global construction......Page 34
1.8.1 Background......Page 35
1.8.2 Personal traits and skills......Page 37
1.8.3 Time and self-management......Page 38
1.8.4 Education and training......Page 39
1.9.1 Information technology (IT)......Page 40
1.9.2 Environmental issues......Page 45
1.10.1 Employed roles......Page 50
1.10.2 Independent roles......Page 52
1.10.4 Global and multicultural diversity......Page 53
1.10.5 Prospects......Page 54
2.1 Measurement guides and coverage rules......Page 55
2.2 Arrangement of documents and project information......Page 58
2.3.1 Take off and measuring techniques......Page 62
2.3.2 Centre line calculation......Page 68
2.4 Control of the system and delegation of tasks......Page 72
2.4.1 Requests for Information (RFI)......Page 80
2.5 Measurement example......Page 81
2.6 Builder’s bills of quantities......Page 82
2.6.1 Components......Page 90
2.6.2 Draft and final bills......Page 96
2.6.3 Using computers......Page 98
2.7 Alternative bills of quantities......Page 101
3.1 Contracting organisations......Page 103
3.1.1 Premises and assets......Page 105
3.2 Management systems......Page 109
3.2.1 Health and safety management......Page 111
3.2.2 Environmental management......Page 112
3.2.3 Quality management......Page 113
3.3 Marketing for contracts......Page 115
3.4 Estimating and the contractor’s quantity surveyor......Page 116
3.4.1 Activity on receipt of tender documents......Page 117
3.4.2 Subcontractor pricing......Page 119
3.4.3 Builder’s schedules......Page 125
3.4.4 Resources costing......Page 126
3.4.5 Unit rate calculations......Page 134
3.4.6 Preliminaries pricing......Page 140
3.4.7 Estimating and quantity surveying software......Page 145
3.4.8 Cost planned tenders......Page 155
3.4.9 Value management......Page 159
4.1 The project team......Page 161
4.2 Pre-construction handover......Page 164
4.3 Office- and site-based roles......Page 165
4.4 The construction programme......Page 167
4.4.2 Programme acceleration......Page 172
4.5 Project administration......Page 173
4.5.1 Cash flow......Page 176
4.5.2 Cost targets......Page 181
4.5.3 Procurement scheduling......Page 184
4.5.4 Material supply and plant hire registers......Page 189
4.5.5 Document distribution and registers......Page 190
4.5.6 Progress claim scheduling......Page 191
4.5.7 Cost management systems (CMS)......Page 197
4.6 Site establishment......Page 199
4.7 Review of the main contract......Page 200
4.7.1 Articles of the Agreement......Page 204
4.7.2 Insurance......Page 206
4.7.3 Employer’s financial security......Page 210
4.7.4 Carrying out the works......Page 212
4.7.5 Delays in carrying out the works......Page 220
4.7.6 Control of the works......Page 225
4.7.7 Cost variations......Page 229
4.7.8 Payments......Page 231
4.7.9 Termination......Page 232
4.7.10 Warranties......Page 234
4.7.11 Contract schedules and special provisions......Page 235
4.8 Edited and bespoke forms of contract......Page 236
5.1 The supply chain......Page 240
5.2 Labour-only subcontractors......Page 241
5.2.1 Methods of engagement and reimbursement......Page 242
5.2.2 Contractor’s risk......Page 243
5.3 Labour and material subcontractors......Page 244
5.3.1 Domestic subcontractors......Page 245
5.3.2 Named and nominated subcontractors......Page 248
5.3.3 Tender periods and openings......Page 249
5.3.4 Tender comparisons......Page 252
5.3.5 Negotiations......Page 253
5.3.6 Subcontractor insurances......Page 260
5.3.7 Bespoke forms of subcontract agreement......Page 261
5.3.9 Back-to-back forms of subcontract agreement......Page 265
5.4 Material supply scheduling and purchase ordering......Page 266
5.4.1 Bulk ordering......Page 269
5.5 Labour hire agreements......Page 272
5.6 Plant hire agreements......Page 274
5.7 Consultant appointments......Page 276
6.1.1 Changes in design and documentation......Page 278
6.1.2 Contractor-generated documents......Page 281
6.2 Changes to the works......Page 283
6.2.1 Changes in quantity......Page 284
6.2.2 Changes in quality......Page 285
6.2.3 Changes in sequence of works......Page 287
6.2.4 Variation submissions......Page 289
6.3 Reimbursement......Page 292
6.3.1 Client interim payments......Page 293
6.3.2 Subcontractors’ payments......Page 297
6.3.3 Material suppliers and hire company payments......Page 303
6.3.4 Consultants’ payments......Page 306
6.5 Tracking expenditure......Page 307
6.6 Extension of time claims......Page 313
6.7 Financial claims......Page 316
6.7.1 Claims under the main contract......Page 317
6.7.2 Claims from the supply chain to the contractor......Page 322
6.7.3 Claims from the contractor to the supply chain......Page 325
6.8 Settlement of disputes......Page 326
6.8.1 Alternative dispute resolution (ADR)......Page 328
6.8.3 Mediation......Page 330
6.8.4 Conciliation......Page 331
6.8.6 Expert determination......Page 332
6.8.7 Adjudication......Page 333
6.8.8 Arbitration......Page 335
6.9 Voluntary and involuntary contract terminations......Page 336
6.9.1 Main contract termination......Page 338
6.9.2 Supply chain terminations......Page 339
6.10 Project reporting......Page 344
7.1 Sectional and practical completion......Page 347
7.1.1 Definition and effects of practical completion......Page 348
7.1.2 Final certification......Page 349
7.2 Operating manuals and As Built information......Page 350
7.3 Defects......Page 352
7.3.1 Patent defects......Page 353
7.3.2 Latent defects......Page 354
7.4.1 Main contract final account......Page 355
7.4.2 Issue and effect of the final payment certificate......Page 358
7.4.3 Supply chain final accounts......Page 360
7.4.4 Final project costs......Page 361
7.5.1 Feedback......Page 363
7.5.2 Archiving and retrieval......Page 364
Further Reading......Page 367
Index......Page 369