Construction Quality and Quality Standards: The European perspective

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Foreword......Page 14
Introduction......Page 15
PART 1 Construction Qualityand its Achievement......Page 18
1.1 MEANING OF QUALITY......Page 19
1.2 QUALITY AT THE BUILDING LEVEL......Page 21
1.3 BRE STUDY: A SURVEY OF QUALITY AND VALUE INBUILDING......Page 22
1.4 IMPORTANCE OF THE DESIGN BRIEF......Page 24
FURTHER READING......Page 25
2.1 THE STUTTGART GALLERY AND FRANKFURT MUSEUM......Page 27
2.2 THE GRAND LOUVRE, PARIS......Page 30
2.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT......Page 31
FURTHER READING......Page 33
3.1 ACHIEVEMENT OF LONG-TERM QUALITY IN BUILDINGS, MAINLY FROM THE 1930s......Page 34
3.3 THE PLACE OF INNOVATION......Page 36
3.4 DIFFERENT TIMESCALES OF STRUCTURE AND SERVICES......Page 38
3.5 ACHIEVEMENT OF QUALITY IN SOCIAL HOUSING: A BRE INVESTIGATION......Page 39
3.6 BRE INVESTIGATIONS INTO NON-TRADITIONAL HOUSING......Page 41
FURTHER READING......Page 42
4.1 ACHIEVEMENT OF FAULTLESS BUILDING......Page 44
4.2 STANDARDS AND STANDARDS-MAKING IN THE UK......Page 48
4.3 CONSENSUS AND THE GENERALLY ACKNOWLEDGED STATE OF THE ART......Page 51
4.4 USER INTERESTS......Page 52
4.6 EFFECTIVE INFORMATION TRANSFER: STANDARDS AS AIDS TO COMMUNICATION......Page 54
FURTHER READING......Page 59
5.1 QUALITY SYSTEM STANDARDS AND QUALITY ASSURANCE......Page 61
5.2 BS 5750 AND THE BS EN ISO 9000 QUALITY SYSTEM SERIES OF STANDARDS......Page 63
5.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE IN DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION......Page 66
5.3.1 Interested parties in quality assurance for construction......Page 68
5.3.2 Economics of quality assurance......Page 69
5.4 QUALITY SYSTEM STANDARDS IN EUROPE......Page 72
FURTHER READING......Page 73
6.1 THE AGREMENT CONCEPT......Page 75
6.2 AGREMENT IN THE UK......Page 76
6.4 DESIGN LIVES AND SERVICEABILITY......Page 80
6.5 ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY......Page 82
FURTHER READING......Page 83
7.1 THE SINGLE MARKET AND THE NEW APPROACH DIRECTIVES......Page 84
7.2 THE NATURE OF EUROPEAN UNION LEGISLATION......Page 87
7.3.1 Directives......Page 89
7.3.3 Decisions......Page 90
7.4 UPDATING EUROPEAN LEGISLATION......Page 91
7.5 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS AND CE MARKS......Page 92
FURTHER READING......Page 93
8.1 THE DIRECTIVE......Page 95
8.2 DELAYS IN BRINGING 89/106/EEC INTO EFFECTIVE OPERATION......Page 97
8.3 THE ARRANGEMENT OF 89/106/EEC......Page 98
8.4 THE IMPORTANCE OF 89/106/EEC......Page 101
8.5 ESSENTIAL REQUIREMENTS......Page 103
8.6 INTERPRETATIVE DOCUMENTS......Page 104
8.7 CLASSES IN TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......Page 106
8.8 IMPLEMENTATION OF 89/106/EEC......Page 107
FURTHER READING......Page 109
9.1 STANDARDS FOR A SINGLE MARKET......Page 111
9.3 CATEGORIES OF EUROPEAN STANDARDS......Page 114
9.3.1 Harmonized European standards (HENs)......Page 115
9.3.2 Non-harmonized European standards (ENs)......Page 116
9.4 CONFORMITY ATTESTATION PROCEDURES......Page 117
9.5 CONFORMITY ATTESTATION UNDER 89/106/EEC......Page 118
9.6 APPROVED BODIES......Page 121
9.7 NATIONAL STANDARDS DURING THE TRANSITIONAL PERIOD......Page 122
9.8 STRUCTURAL EUROCODES: A PARTICULAR KIND OF EUROPEAN STANDARD......Page 123
FURTHER READING......Page 126
10 The Procurement andother Directives......Page 128
10.1 EUROPEAN PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LEGISLATION......Page 131
10.2 ENFORCEMENT IN THE UK......Page 138
10.3 OTHER DIRECTIVES: THE PROBLEM OF OVERLAPPING REQUIREMENTS......Page 139
FURTHER READING......Page 140
11 Achievement ofconstruction quality insix European countries......Page 141
11.1.1 Byggestyrelsen: the Danish National Building and Housing Agency......Page 142
11.1.2 The Danish Building Defects Fund......Page 143
11.2 FEDERAL GERMANY......Page 145
11.2.1 DIBt, Deutsches Institut fur Bautechnik (German Institutefor Building Technology)......Page 146
11.3.1 The French construction industry and its technicalenvironment......Page 148
11.3.2 The influence of Civil Code responsibilities andconstruction quality......Page 150
11.3.3 The French building research centre: CSTB, CentreScientifique et Technique du Batiment......Page 153
11.4 THE NETHERLANDS......Page 155
11.4.1 SBK, Stichting Bouwkwaliteit (Foundation for Building Quality)......Page 157
11.5 SWEDEN......Page 158
11.6 THE UNITED KINGDOM......Page 160
11.6.1 Building Research Establishment (BRE)......Page 161
11.6.2 British Standards Institution (BSI)......Page 162
FURTHER READING......Page 165
12 Some unresolvedissues......Page 170
12.1 CE MARKING......Page 171
12.3 FACTORY PRODUCTION CONTROL......Page 173
12.4 FITNESS FOR INTENDED USE......Page 174
12.6 RECOGNITION OF NATIONAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......Page 175
12.7 89/106/EEC ARTICLE 16: SPECIAL PROCEDURES......Page 176
12.8 LOCAL PRODUCTS......Page 177
12.10 FIRE SAFETY......Page 178
12.11 LEGISLATION ON CONSTRUCTION RESPONSIBILITIES AND LIABILITIES......Page 182
12.12 EUROPEAN STANDARDS IN THE VOLUNTARY SECTOR......Page 185
12.13 COMMISSION COMMUNICATION CONSTRUCT 94/118......Page 186
FURTHER READING......Page 187
13 Conclusion......Page 190
13.1 SHARING A COMMON INHERITANCE......Page 191
13.2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS......Page 192
13.3 THE QUALITY OF BUILDINGS......Page 194
FURTHER READING......Page 195
PART 2 Organizations, Termsand Definitions......Page 196
14.1 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS......Page 197
14.2 EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS......Page 201
15.1 AUSTRIA......Page 212
15.2 BELGIUM......Page 214
15.3 DENMARK......Page 216
15.4 FEDERAL GERMANY......Page 221
15.5 FINLAND......Page 232
15.6 FRANCE......Page 233
15.7 GREECE......Page 239
15.8 IRELAND......Page 240
15.9 ITALY......Page 241
15.10 LUXEMBOURG......Page 244
15.11 NETHERLANDS......Page 245
15.12 NORWAY......Page 249
15.13 PORTUGAL......Page 252
15.14 SPAIN......Page 253
15.15 SWEDEN......Page 256
15.16 SWITZERLAND......Page 260
15.17 UNITED KINGDOM......Page 262
16 Terms and definitionsrelating to codes,regulations, standards, certification and testing......Page 278
17.1 STANDARDS DATABASES......Page 317
17.3.1 Federal Germany......Page 318
17.3.3 Netherlands......Page 319
17.3.6 United Kingdom......Page 320
Index......Page 323