Construction Adjudication

Contents......Page 7
Preface......Page 16
Acknowledgements......Page 18
Terminology......Page 19
Before 1 May 1998......Page 20
After 1 May 1998 New adjudication - 'Sea Change' or 'Hurricane'?......Page 21
Review and consultation......Page 22
Training and quality of adjudicators......Page 23
Public or private law?......Page 24
Adjudication defined......Page 25
Is adjudication a judicial process?......Page 31
Comparison of adjudication with other forms of dispute resolution......Page 32
Arbitration......Page 33
Litigation......Page 34
The powers of the adjudicator......Page 35
What personal qualities should the adjudicator have?......Page 36
Summary......Page 37
Section 104(1)......Page 38
Section 104(2)......Page 39
Section 104(4)......Page 40
Section 104(5)......Page 41
Section 104(6)(b) and (7)......Page 42
Section 105(1)(a)......Page 43
Section 105(1)(c)......Page 44
Section 105(1)(e)......Page 45
Section 105(2)(c)......Page 46
Section 105(2)(d)......Page 48
Section 106(1)......Page 49
Section 106(2)......Page 50
Section 107(1)......Page 51
Section 107(2)......Page 52
Section 107(3)......Page 55
Section 107(4)......Page 56
Section 107(5)......Page 57
Section 114(2)......Page 58
Section 115(2)-(4)......Page 59
Section 117(1-4)......Page 60
Section 148: Extent......Page 61
Section 151: Short title......Page 62
Section 108(1)......Page 63
Section 108(2)(a)......Page 68
Section 108(2)(b)......Page 70
Section 108(2)(d)......Page 71
Section 108(2)(f)......Page 72
Section 108(3)......Page 73
Section 108(5)......Page 74
Section 108(6)......Page 75
Section 109(1)......Page 76
Section 109(2)......Page 77
Section 110(2)......Page 78
Section 110(3)......Page 82
Section 111(1)......Page 83
Section 111(4)......Page 89
Section 112(1)......Page 90
Section 112(3)......Page 91
Section 113(1)......Page 92
Section 113(6)......Page 93
The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998......Page 95
Paragraph 1......Page 96
Paragraph 2......Page 97
Paragraph 4......Page 99
Paragraph 5......Page 100
Paragraph 7......Page 101
Paragraph 8......Page 102
Paragraph 9......Page 104
Paragraph 11......Page 108
Paragraph 12......Page 109
Paragraph 13......Page 110
Paragraph 15......Page 111
Paragraph 18......Page 112
Paragraph 19......Page 113
Paragraph 20......Page 114
Paragraph 22......Page 117
Paragraph 24......Page 118
Paragraph 26......Page 120
Paragraph 2......Page 121
Paragraph 5......Page 123
Paragraph 8......Page 124
Paragraph 9......Page 125
Paragraph 12......Page 126
Paragraph 2......Page 127
Paragraph 4......Page 128
Paragraph 6......Page 129
Joint Contracts Tribunal......Page 131
Institution of Civil Engineers Conditions 6th Edition......Page 134
Institution of Civil Engineers - NEC Engineering and Construction Contract......Page 135
The Government Contracts......Page 136
Institution of Chemical Engineers Form of Contract 2001......Page 140
Adjudication rules and procedures......Page 141
The nomination of the adjudicator......Page 143
The referral notice......Page 144
Adjudicator's agreement......Page 145
Adjudicator's fees......Page 146
Adjudicator's jurisdiction......Page 147
The parties' costs......Page 148
Termination by parties......Page 149
Joinder provisions......Page 150
Power of adjudicator to open up, review and revise......Page 151
Expert assistance......Page 152
Matters for decision......Page 153
Reasons......Page 154
Status of decision if not reached within 28 days or any extended period......Page 155
Adjudicator's lien......Page 156
Correction of decision......Page 157
Destruction of documents......Page 158
7 The Appointment......Page 159
Who are adjudicators?......Page 162
How can an adjudicator be appointed?......Page 164
Naming an adjudicator by prior agreement......Page 165
What are Adjudicator Nominating Bodies?......Page 168
The adjudicator and appointment......Page 170
The adjudicator's terms and conditions......Page 172
The standard forms of contract and appointment......Page 173
Joint Contracts Tribunal main contracts......Page 174
Construction Confederation sub-contracts......Page 177
Institution of Civil Engineers' main contracts......Page 178
Institution of Civil Engineers' Adjudication Procedure......Page 179
Civil Engineering Contractors' Association sub-contracts......Page 180
Government contracts......Page 182
NEC Engineering and Construction Contract......Page 183
Institution of Chemical Engineers Form of Contract 2001......Page 184
The Association of Consulting Engineers......Page 185
Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution......Page 186
Final comments......Page 187
General introduction......Page 188
The terms of an adjudicator's agreement......Page 189
The agreement between the adjudicator and the parties......Page 190
Terms where the Scheme applies......Page 193
The Joint Contracts Tribunal adjudication agreement......Page 194
The Construction Industry Council adjudicator's agreement......Page 196
The Adjudicator's Contract for the NEC Engineering and Construction Contract......Page 198
GC/Works/1 Model Form 8 Adjudicator's Appointment (Condition 59)......Page 200
The Institution of Chemical Engineers' adjudicator's agreement......Page 201
Conclusion......Page 204
Jurisdiction......Page 205
Can the adjudicator determine his own jurisdiction?......Page 206
Impartiality, natural justice, fairness and bias......Page 209
The Act......Page 211
Subsidiary questions......Page 215
The Scheme......Page 216
Joint Contracts Tribunal Main Contract Form......Page 218
Institution of Civil Engineers' Main Contract......Page 223
Civil Engineering Contractors' Association sub-contracts......Page 228
Government contracts......Page 230
NEC Engineering and Construction Contracts......Page 233
The Institution of Chemical Engineers Adjudication Rules (The Grey Book)......Page 234
The notice of adjudication and the referral to the adjudicator......Page 237
On receipt of the referral......Page 239
After the issue of the initial directions......Page 241
Submissions by the parties......Page 242
Meetings with the parties......Page 244
Investigating the facts and the law......Page 246
Taking advice......Page 247
The reluctant party......Page 248
The drawing of inferences by the adjudicator......Page 249
Disputes relating to design......Page 250
Disputes relating to professional indemnity insurance......Page 252
The 'unadjudicable' dispute......Page 253
The large and detailed claim for loss and/or expense......Page 255
The adjudicator who decides 'I cannot decide'......Page 256
Some concerns about adjudication......Page 257
The adjudicator and subsequent legal action......Page 258
11 The Decision......Page 259
The process of making the decision......Page 261
Deciding the facts......Page 262
The burden of proof......Page 263
Assessing the evidence......Page 264
The balance of probabilities......Page 265
The ascertainment of facts by the adjudicator himself......Page 266
Deciding the law......Page 267
Pulling the strands together......Page 268
The title of the written decision......Page 269
The decision - the introductory section......Page 270
The decision - the substantive aspect......Page 272
The decision - reasons......Page 273
The decision - interest......Page 276
The decision - costs......Page 277
Stakeholders......Page 278
The decision - final matters......Page 279
Checklist for decision......Page 281
The effects of the decision......Page 282
Enforcement - initial considerations......Page 283
Arbitration......Page 285
The standard forms of contract......Page 286
Before Macob v. Morrison......Page 287
Since Macob v. Morrison......Page 289
Time......Page 290
CPR Part 8 Alternative procedure for claims......Page 291
Insolvent companies......Page 292
Risk of bankruptcy......Page 293
Set-off......Page 294
Appeals......Page 297
Jurisdiction......Page 298
Errors and mistakes......Page 299
Procedural unfairness......Page 303
Human rights......Page 309
Final determination......Page 310
Appendix 1 The Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 Part II Appendix 2 The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998......Page 311
Appendix 2 The Scheme for Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Regulations 1998......Page 318
Appendix 3 The Construction Contracts (England and Wales) Exclusion Order 1998......Page 327
Appendix 4 The Scheme for Construction Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 1998......Page 330
Appendix 5 The Construction Contracts (Scotland) Exclusion Order 1998......Page 338
Appendix 6 The Construction Contracts (Northern Ireland) Order 1997......Page 341
Clause 41A.1 - 8......Page 349
The JCT Adjudication Agreement......Page 354
Clause 38A......Page 358
Appendix 9 ICE Conditions of Contract 7th Edition......Page 362
Appendix 10 New Engineering and Construction Contract......Page 365
Appendix 11 Civil Engineering Contractors Association Sub-Contract for use with ICE 6th Edition Main Contract Clause 18......Page 368
Appendix 12 GC/Works/1 with Quantities 1998 Condition 59......Page 371
Model Form 8 Adjudicator's Appointment (Condition 59)......Page 373
Appendix 13 Technology and Construction Solicitors' Association (TecSA) Adjudication Rules - 2002 Version 2.0 Procedural Rules for Adjudication......Page 375
Appendix 14 Centre for Effective Dispute Resolution (CEDR) Rules for Adjudication......Page 381
Appendix 15 Construction Industry Council (CIC) Model Adjudication Procedure 3rd Edition......Page 385
Appendix 16 Association of Consulting Engineers Conditions of Engagement......Page 391
Appendix 17 Institution of Chemical Engineers Red Book......Page 392
Guide Note Q......Page 393
Appendix 18 Adjudication cases......Page 395
Table of Cases......Page 400
Table of Statutes......Page 405
Table of Statutory Instruments......Page 410
Index......Page 415