Constructing the Responsibility to Protect: Contestation and Consolidation

Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
List of Contributors
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Consolidation and contestation of the Responsibility to Protect
	Introduction
	The Responsibility to Protect: realization or retreat?
	The nature of the R2P
		Norm emergence
	R2P in conjunction with other norms, regimes and agendas
	Structure of the book
	Notes
	References
Chapter 1: Contestation, norms and the Responsibility to Protect as a regime
	Introduction
	Regime theory, norms and resilience
	The Responsibility to Protect as a regime
		The four atrocity crimes
	Contestations around the role of the UN Security Council
		The Security Council and the response to chemical weapons use in Syria
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 2: R2P and the benefits of norm ambiguity
	Introduction
	Theoretical framework: from norm life cycle to norm feedback loop
		Rethinking the norm life cycle: the costs of clarity
		Toward a norm feedback loop: ambiguity, consensus and flexible adjustment
	The ambiguity of R2P: norm feedback over Rwanda, Iraq and Libya
		The 1990s: from Rwanda to the ICISS
		The 2000s: from Iraq to the World Summit
		Into the 2010s: from Libya to PSD-10
	Conclusion: theoretical, historical and policy implications
	Notes
	References
Chapter 3: Telling the story of R2P: The emplotment of R2P in the UN Security Council’s debates on Libya
	Introduction
	Narrating realities: story, plot and emplotment in context
	Emplotting R2P: three public narratives on responsible action
		ICISS and the story of three responsibilities
		The 2005 World Summit and the story of two chapters
		Ban Ki-moon and the story of the three pillars of R2P
		Comparing the public narratives on R2P
	Diplomatic storytelling as a situated practice: the consolidation and contestation of R2P inside the UNSC
		Telling the story of R2P and Libya
		States who draw on one public narrative: France, Lebanon, and the USA
		States who combine creatively: Germany, Russia, Brazil and the UK
		States who draw on a national narrative: India and China
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgments
	Notes
	References
Chapter 4: The Responsibility to Protect and the Protection of Civilians in UN peace operations: Interaction, feedback and co-evolution
	Introduction
	The R2P, POC in armed conflict and POC in peace operations
	Challenges, alteration, reinterpretations and feedback effects
		The early years – 1999–2009
		The institutionalizing years – 2009–2011
		The blow-back years – 2012–2015
		The reflective/resurgent years – 2015 →
	Discussion: feedback effects and implications
		Operationalization
		Consent
		State-centrism
		Accountability
		Summary
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgment
	Notes
	References
Chapter 5: R2P and WPS: Operationalizing prevention from alignment
	Introduction
	Two normative agendas with one prevention agenda: R2P and WPS
	R2P and WPS prevention intersections
		R2P
		WPS
		Human rights alignment
	Prevention of human rights violations as an R2P-WPS prevention measure: the Nepal case
	Conclusion
	Acknowledgements
	References
Chapter 6: Strange bedfellows: Terrorism/counter-terrorism and the Responsibility to Protect
	Introduction
	Norm regimes
	Normative congruencies between counter-terrorism and R2P
		The sovereign state as first responder
		International obligations
	Case studies
	Counter-terrorism as an atrocity crime – the state response of Sri Lanka
	Terrorism as an atrocity crime by non-state armed groups – the case of the Islamic State
	Normative alignment
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Chapter 7: Resistance and accommodation in China’s approach toward R2P
	Introduction
	China’s R2P ‘minimalism’
	China’s R2P contestation
	China’s proactive response to atrocity situations
	Conclusion: China and the future of R2P
	Notes
	References
Chapter 8: Russia and the R2P: Norm entrepreneur, anti-preneur, or violator?
	Introduction1
	Theoretical contentions of the R2P doctrine
	Russian identity and international order
		Russia as a great power
		Sovereignty and sovereign equality
		Russia’s privileged interests and the issue of intervention
	Conclusion
	Notes
	References
Index