Constitutional and Administrative Law

Cover......Page 1
CONTENTS......Page 8
PREFACE......Page 14
TABLE OF LEGISLATION......Page 16
TABLE OF CASES......Page 30
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 68
PART I Sources, structure and principles......Page 70
  A. Constitutional law – its meaning and scope......Page 72
  B. The formal sources of constitutional law......Page 80
  C. Other rules and principles, including constitutional conventions......Page 87
  A. The historic structure......Page 99
  B. Devolution of government......Page 105
  A. The growth of the legislative authority of Parliament......Page 114
  B. Meaning of legislative supremacy......Page 118
  C. The continuing nature of parliamentary supremacy......Page 124
  D. The Treaty of Union between England and Scotland......Page 138
  E. Conclusions......Page 141
 4 The rule of law......Page 144
  A. Historical development......Page 146
  B. The rule of law and its implications today......Page 150
  C. The separation of powers......Page 157
  A. The background......Page 164
  B. Collective responsibility......Page 167
  C. Individual responsibility of ministers......Page 170
 6 United Kingdom and the European Union......Page 180
  A. European Union institutions......Page 181
  B. European Union law......Page 188
  C. EU law and British constitutional law......Page 198
  D. Response of the courts......Page 202
  E. European Union Act 2011: sovereignty revisited......Page 208
  F. Conclusion......Page 212
PART II The institutions of government......Page 214
  A. The electoral system......Page 216
  B. Distribution of constituencies......Page 220
  C. Political parties......Page 224
  D. The conduct of elections......Page 228
  E. Supervision of elections......Page 232
  F. Electoral systems and electoral reform......Page 237
  G. Membership of the House of Commons......Page 241
  H. The House of Lords......Page 245
  I. Membership of the House of Lords......Page 249
  J. Conclusion......Page 253
  A. The functions of Parliament......Page 254
  B. Authorising expenditure and providing income......Page 255
  C. Enacting legislation – House of Commons procedure......Page 263
  D. Enacting legislation – House of Lords and after......Page 270
  E. Scrutiny of the administration......Page 277
  F. Conclusion......Page 284
  A. House of Commons......Page 286
  B. Financial interests and payment of members......Page 298
  C. House of Lords......Page 304
  A. The monarchy......Page 306
  B. Personal prerogatives of the monarch......Page 311
  C. The Queen in Council......Page 317
  D. The royal prerogative......Page 319
  E. The royal prerogative and the courts......Page 328
  F. Conclusion......Page 336
 11 Cabinet, government departments and civil service......Page 338
  A. The Prime Minister......Page 339
  B. The Cabinet......Page 342
  C. Ministers and departments......Page 347
  D. Civil service: organisation and accountability......Page 351
  E. Civil service: ethics and standards......Page 357
  F. Open government and freedom of information......Page 362
  G. Conclusion......Page 368
 12 Public bodies and public appointments......Page 369
  A. Evolution......Page 370
  B. Categories of public body......Page 372
  C. Status, functions and powers......Page 376
  D. Appointments to public bodies......Page 380
  E. Legality and accountability......Page 384
  F. Reform......Page 387
  G. Conclusion......Page 390
  A. Judiciary and judicial appointments......Page 391
  B. Independence of the judiciary......Page 396
  C. Administration of justice and contempt of court......Page 401
  D. The executive and the machinery of justice......Page 411
  E. Prosecution of offenders and miscarriages of justice......Page 416
  F. Conclusion......Page 421
PART III Personal liberty and human rights......Page 424
  A. The classical approach......Page 426
  B. European Convention on Human Rights......Page 428
  C. The Human Rights Act 1998......Page 439
  D. Enhanced Parliamentary scrutiny......Page 452
  E. Conclusion......Page 454
 15 Right to liberty and police powers......Page 457
  A. Police powers short of arrest......Page 458
  B. Police powers of arrest......Page 459
  C. Detention and questioning of suspects......Page 464
  D. Police powers of entry, search and seizure......Page 468
  E. Remedies for abuse of police powers......Page 475
  F. Accountability and control of the police......Page 481
  G. Conclusion......Page 485
 16 Right to privacy and surveillance powers......Page 487
  A. The case for protection......Page 488
  B. Surveillance: acquiring information......Page 489
  C. Interception of communications......Page 494
  D. Storing and processing information......Page 500
  E. Police databases......Page 507
  F. Privacy and the press......Page 511
  G. Conclusion......Page 515
  A. The nature of legal protection......Page 517
  B. Prior restraint: censorship and ownership......Page 519
  C. Regulation of television and radio......Page 522
  D. Offences against public order......Page 527
  E. Obscene publications......Page 531
  F. Defamation......Page 535
  G. Breach of confidence......Page 542
  H. Conclusion......Page 546
  A. Freedom of association......Page 547
  B. The right of public meeting......Page 549
  C. Public processions and assemblies......Page 551
  D. Freedom of assembly and private property rights......Page 554
  E. Public order offences......Page 559
  F. Preventive powers of the police......Page 569
  G. Freedom of assembly and the Human Rights Act 1998......Page 573
  A. Security and intelligence......Page 576
  B. Security and intelligence services......Page 578
  C. Legal framework of security and intelligence services......Page 582
  D. Protection for state secrets and national security......Page 589
  E. Political scrutiny......Page 601
  F. Conclusion......Page 605
  A. Use of troops in assisting the police......Page 606
  B. Legislative responses to terrorism – what is terrorism?......Page 611
  C. Legislative responses to terrorism – terrorist investigations, police powers and terrorist offences......Page 616
  D. Legislative responses to terrorism – detention without trial, control orders, TPIMs and secret justice......Page 621
  E. Emergency powers......Page 627
  F. Martial law......Page 630
  G. Conclusion......Page 634
PART IV Administrative law......Page 636
  A. The functions and development of administrative law......Page 638
  B. Law and the administrative process......Page 643
  C. Conclusion......Page 649
  A. The need for delegated legislation......Page 650
  B. Types of delegated legislation......Page 653
  C. Control and supervision by Parliament......Page 657
  D. Challenge in the courts......Page 662
  E. Administrative rule-making......Page 666
  F. Conclusion......Page 668
 23 Administrative justice......Page 669
  A. Tribunals......Page 670
  B. Public inquiries......Page 676
  C. The Inquiries Act 2005......Page 682
  D. Ombudsmen......Page 686
  E. Conclusion......Page 696
 24 Judicial review I: the grounds of review......Page 698
  A. Judicial review on substantive grounds......Page 700
  B. Legitimate expectations......Page 719
  C. Review on procedural grounds......Page 723
  D. Conclusion......Page 736
  A. The judicial review procedure......Page 737
  B. The extent of judicial review......Page 743
  C. The limitation and exclusion of judicial review......Page 748
  D. Remedies and relief......Page 752
  E. Conclusion......Page 763
 26 Liability of public authorities......Page 764
  A. Liability of public authorities and the Crown in tort......Page 765
  B. Contractual liability......Page 782
  C. Restitution and public authorities......Page 788
  D. The Crown in litigation: privileges and immunities......Page 789
  E. Conclusion......Page 798
BIBLIOGRAPHY......Page 800
INDEX......Page 808