Constituent Syntax: Quantification, Numerals, Possession, Anaphora

New Perspectives on Historical Latin Syntax, Volume 3: Constituent Syntax: Quantification, Numerals, Possession, Anaphora......Page 4
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
Detailed contents......Page 10
List of abbreviations......Page 18
1. Background and methodology......Page 24
2. Historical syntax and Latin......Page 26
3. The Functional-typological Approach......Page 29
4. The diachronic dimension......Page 32
6. Volume 3......Page 36
References......Page 38
1. Indefinite pronouns......Page 42
1.1 The derivation of indefinites......Page 43
1.2.1 The relation between “existential quantifier” and “presupposition of existence”......Page 46
1.2.2 The distinction “specific/nonspecific” and the presupposition of existence......Page 47
1.3.2 Knowledge of the speaker......Page 50
1.3.5 Free choice......Page 51
2.1 Quis......Page 52
2.1.1 The contexts of occurrence of quis......Page 54
2.2 Aliquis......Page 57
2.3 Interrogative clauses: ecquis, numquis......Page 59
2.4 Conditional clauses: most cases of quis, some cases of aliquis......Page 60
2.5 Indefinites in negative conditionals......Page 64
2.6 Clauses introduced by ne......Page 65
2.7 Some special uses of aliquis......Page 66
2.7.1 Aliquis expresses a quantity......Page 68
2.7.2 Aliquis is next to a free-choice pronoun......Page 69
3. Quispiam......Page 71
3.1 Quispiam in Early and Classical Latin......Page 72
3.2 Quispiam in Late Latin......Page 74
3.3 Quispiam in Gellius and Apuleius......Page 76
4. Knowledge of the speaker......Page 78
4.1 Semantic enrichment by implicature......Page 81
4.2 The value of “hedge”......Page 84
4.3 Plural uses......Page 87
4.4 Later developments......Page 90
5.1 Negative indefinite pronouns......Page 95
5.2 Double negation......Page 97
5.3 Diachronic change......Page 100
5.4 Double negation: Different interpretations......Page 101
5.5 Predicative use of nullus......Page 102
5.6 Negative indefinites in Late Latin......Page 104
6.1 Quisquam as a semantic negation......Page 106
6.2 Quisquam as a pragmatic negation......Page 107
6.3 Quisquam as a negative polarity item in nonnegative contexts......Page 111
6.4 Quisquam in modal contexts: Problems of NEG-raising......Page 113
6.5 Quisquam in Late Latin......Page 115
7. Free choice......Page 118
7.1 Quiuis, quilibet......Page 121
7.2 The diachronic source of free-choice indefinites......Page 124
7.3 Quisquis and quicumque......Page 125
7.4 Quisquis......Page 127
7.5 Quicumque......Page 128
7.6 Quisquis and quicumque in Classical and Late Latin......Page 132
7.7 The relationship between quisquis and quisque......Page 134
8. Universal quantifiers......Page 137
8.1 Totality quantifiers......Page 138
8.2.2 Aedes......Page 141
8.2.3 Moenia......Page 142
8.3 Plural uses where toti means omnes......Page 144
8.4 Universal quantifiers......Page 146
8.5 Disambiguation in Latin......Page 150
9. Distributive universal quantifiers......Page 151
9.1 Quisque......Page 152
9.2 Unusquisque and singuli......Page 157
9.3 Singuli as a distributive-share quantifier......Page 159
9.4 Quisque in Late Latin......Page 161
10. Binary Quantification......Page 164
10.1 Contrastive coordination: uterque and neuter......Page 166
10.2 Distributive and collective reading: uterque and ambo......Page 167
10.3 Disjunction: uteruis and alteruter......Page 171
10.4 Alter in binary quantification......Page 176
10.5 Non quantificational uses: alter/alius......Page 179
10.6 Alter in enumerations......Page 181
10.7 Some late uses of alter......Page 183
References......Page 185
1. The system of Latin numerals: categories and their semantics......Page 198
1.1 Atoms, bases, and operations......Page 199
1.2 The series of numerals......Page 202
1.3.1 The structure of the sequence......Page 205
1.3.2 The series of numerals......Page 208
1.4 Preliminary conclusions on the semantics of numerals in Latin......Page 219
2.2 Numeral nouns......Page 220
2.3 Numeral adverbs......Page 224
2.4.2 Basic word order of adjectival numerals......Page 230
2.4.3 Word order within noun phrases of more than two elements......Page 234
2.5 Preliminary conclusions on the external syntax of numerals......Page 242
3.1.1 Addition......Page 243
3.1.2 Multiplication......Page 246
3.2 Patterns of development......Page 247
3.3 Preliminary conclusions on the internal syntax of numerals......Page 248
4.1 The process......Page 249
4.2 Stages of development......Page 252
4.3 Causes of the development......Page 254
4.4 Relationship to quidam and aliquis......Page 255
5. Summary and conclusions......Page 256
References......Page 257
1.1 Relevant notions......Page 262
1.2 Structures and functions: Attributive possession and predicative possession......Page 269
1.3 Texts and parameters......Page 272
2.1 Mihi est x and habeo x......Page 274
2.1.1 Possessive relations and semantic content......Page 277
2.1.2 Agentivity, stativity, and habeo as a “light verb”......Page 289
2.1.3 Prototypical possession......Page 301
2.1.4 Habeo x and mihi est x within the discourse......Page 310
2.1.5 Topic continuity and discourse structure; functional overload of the dative case......Page 314
2.1.6 Existential constructions and definiteness of possessum......Page 318
2.1.7 Mihi est x and habeo x: Conclusions......Page 325
2.2.1 The Marci/meus est x type: A general framework......Page 328
2.2.2 Marci/meus est x versus mihi est x: A contrastive analysis......Page 336
2.2.3 Conclusions......Page 341
3.1 A general frame of morphological features and formal structures......Page 345
3.2.1 Semantic and informational functions......Page 351
3.2.2 Some remarks on definiteness......Page 359
3.2.3 Conclusion......Page 364
3.3.1 Dative marking......Page 365
3.3.2 Zero-marking and implicit possessors......Page 369
3.3.3 External possession......Page 373
3.3.4 Adjectival marking......Page 379
3.4 Tendencies in word order......Page 388
4.1 Predicative possession......Page 397
4.2 Attributive possession......Page 401
References......Page 403
1. Preliminaries......Page 412
2. Person......Page 418
2.1 Paradigmatic oppositions......Page 422
2.2 The covert feature of person in the deictic system......Page 428
2.2.1 Looking for the relevant feature of iste......Page 432
2.2.2 Towards a paradigmatic description of the system: markedness and diachrony......Page 440
2.3 Beyond person......Page 444
3. Anaphora......Page 446
3.1 Agreement......Page 447
3.2 Zero anaphora?......Page 453
3.3 Reflexive structures......Page 455
3.3.1 The controller of the reflexive......Page 456
3.3.2 Long distance reflexives......Page 460
3.4 The determinative is, ea, id......Page 466
3.5 Identity: idem, ipse......Page 471
3.5.1 Interpretative differences as effects of the syntactic context where ipse occurs......Page 475
3.5.2 The relationship of ipse with the subject function......Page 479
3.5.3 Developments......Page 482
4. Notes on the uses of hic/iste/ille/is, discourse organization and syntactic functions......Page 485
5. Notes on the emergence of new categories......Page 492
5.1 On the emergence of articles......Page 493
5.2 On the emergence of clitics......Page 499
6. Summary and concluding remarks......Page 501
References......Page 506
Subject index......Page 526
Index of classical references......Page 532