Confluence of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Process Automation

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Intelligent Automation Framework Using AI and RPA: An Introduction
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Literature Review
	1.3 What is Robotic Process Automation?
		1.3.1 Attended Automation
		1.3.2 Unattended Automation
		1.3.3 Hybrid RPA
	1.4 AI and Industry 4.0
	1.5 Comparison Between Standard IT Implementation and RPA
	1.6 Conventional Automation versus RPA
	1.7 Popular RPA Advantages
	1.8 Future of RPA
	1.9 Conclusion
	References
2 Role of RPA in Intelligent Auditing
	2.1 Introduction
		2.1.1 Comprehending Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
		2.1.2 Objectives
	2.2 Literature Survey
	2.3 Influence of RPA on Accounting and Audit
		2.3.1 Automation in Finance
	2.4 Intelligent Auditing
	2.5 AI in Audit
	2.6 Task Organisation and Workflow in Auditing
		2.6.1 Context on Workflow Analysis
		2.6.2 Audit Workflow
		2.6.3 Audit Task Structure
		2.6.4 “Auditor-in-the-Loop” IPA Environment
	2.7 Implementation of Auditing Agents
		2.7.1 How Will the Automation Execute?
		2.7.2 Where is My Automation Environment Located?
		2.7.3 What Exactly is My Automation Doing?
		2.7.4 RPA Security Considerations–Cybersecurity
		2.7.5 RPA Data Considerations: Confidentiality
	2.8 Future Scope
	2.9 Conclusion
	References
3 Impact of AI and RPA in Banking
	3.1 Introduction
		3.1.1 Literature Review
	3.2 Challenges in the Banking Industry
		3.2.1 Changing Expectations of Customers
		3.2.2 Fintech Disruption
		3.2.3 High Cost to Income Ratio
		3.2.4 Complex Regulatory Compliance
	3.3 Need for Artificial Intelligence and RPA in Banking
		3.3.1 Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
		3.3.2 Artificial Intelligence (AI)
		3.3.3 Role of Artificial Intelligence and RPA in Banking
	3.4 Artificial Intelligence and RPA Use Cases in Banking
		3.4.1 Use Case 1—Contact Center and Usage of Chatbots
		3.4.2 Use Case 2—Loan Processing
		3.4.3 Use Case 3–Fraud Operations
	3.5 Impact on the Enterprise to Enable AI and RPA
		3.5.1 AI Systems
		3.5.2 RPA Systems
		3.5.3 Enterprise Changes
		3.5.4 Operating Model
		3.5.5 Tools Technology and Platform
		3.5.6 Process and Methods
		3.5.7 Governance and Support
		3.5.8 Talent and Skills
	3.6 Conclusion
	References
4 Robotic Process Automation: The Key to Reviving the Supply Chain Processes
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 An Introduction to Supply Chain Management
		4.2.1 Understanding Supply Chain
		4.2.2 Overview of Supply Chain Stages
		4.2.3 A Macro View of Selective Supply Chains
	4.3 Understanding RPA
		4.3.1 What is Robotic Process Automation?
		4.3.2 Market for RPA
		4.3.3 Overview of RPA Life Cycle
		4.3.4 RPA Application
		4.3.5 Understanding Process Automatability
	4.4 RPA in the Supply Chain Processes
		4.4.1 Invoice Processing
		4.4.2 Transformation of Legacy System with RPA
		4.4.3 Peek into IPA and Hyperautomation
		4.4.4 Democratizing Automation with Low Code No Code
		4.4.5 Advantages of RPA
		4.4.6 Disadvantages of RPA
	4.5 Conclusion
	References
5 Intelligent Document Processing in End-to-End RPA Contexts: A Systematic Literature Review
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Related Works
	5.3 Scientific Methodology
		5.3.1 Planning
		5.3.2 Conducting
		5.3.3 Reporting Over the Research Questions
	5.4 Industrial Methodology
		5.4.1 Planning
		5.4.2 Conducting
		5.4.3 Reporting over the Research Questions
	5.5 Discussion and Limitations
	5.6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
6 Challenges in Banking and Solving Them Using RPA
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Literature Survey
	6.3 RPA in Processing Bank Documents
		6.3.1 Automation in Onboarding and Ongoing Servicing of Commercial Banking Clients
		6.3.2 Automation in Bank Statement Processing
	6.4 RPA in Loan Processing
		6.4.1 RPA’s Advantages in Loan Processing
		6.4.2 Use Cases of RPA in Loan Processing
		6.4.3 The Future of RPA in Loan Processing
	6.5 RPA in Credit Card Processing
		6.5.1 The Current Challenges in Credit Card Processing
		6.5.2 Implementing RPA in Credit Card Processing
		6.5.3 Detection of Credit Card Fraud
	6.6 RPA in Mortgage Banking
		6.6.1 Defining Tasks and Freeing up Manpower
	6.7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
7 Robotic Process Automation in Healthcare
	7.1 Introduction
		7.1.1 The Center of Attention
		7.1.2 Examining the Use of Robotics in Health Care
		7.1.3 Non-disruptiveness
		7.1.4 Healthcare RPA: An Overview
		7.1.5 RPA Might Have a Positive Impact on the Healthcare Sector
		7.1.6 Methodology of RPA
	7.2 Literature Survey
		7.2.1 Integration of Robotic Process Automation in Organization
		7.2.2 Systematic Literature Research Protocol
	7.3 The Industry Benefits of RPA
	7.4 Effective RPA in Healthcare
	7.5 Innovation of RPA in Healthcare
	7.6 RPA in Health Insurance
	7.7 Advantages of RPA in Health Insurance
	7.8 Health Coverage in RPA
	7.9 Steps of RPA in Health Insurance Claims
	7.10 Conclusion
	References
8 Intellectual Property Management in Healthcare Using Robotic Process Automation During COVID-19
	8.1 Introduction
		8.1.1 Objective of the Study
		8.1.2 Need for the Research
		8.1.3 Research Methodology
	8.2 RPA in Healthcare—A Review
		8.2.1 RPA Versus Traditional Information Technology-Based Program
		8.2.2 RPA in Healthcare Overview
		8.2.3 Benefits of RPA in Healthcare Sectors
		8.2.4 International Standard of Utilization of RPA in Smart Healthcare During COVID-19
		8.2.5 National Standard of Utilization of RPA in Smart Healthcare During COVID-19
		8.2.6 Role of RPA in Social Distance During COVID-19 [17]
		8.2.7 Automation and Patient Care During COVID-19 [18]
		8.2.8 Automation in RPA for Health Insurance During COVID-19
	8.3 IP Management in Healthcare System Utilizing RPA
		8.3.1 IPR Protections for Digital Health-Tech
		8.3.2 Maneuvering the Capital Base of IP Assets
		8.3.3 IP Asset Management and Smart Healthcare
		8.3.4 Why IP Assets Are Required to Manage?
		8.3.5 Scope of Intellectual Property Rights in Robotic Processing Automation
		8.3.6 RPA and IP Assets Management
		8.3.7 How IPR Management Taken Place Through RPA (Examples)
		8.3.8 Challenges of AI and RPA in Smart Healthcare
	8.4 Role of IPR in Safeguarding the Challenge of AI and RPA in Smart Healthcare
		8.4.1 AI-Robotics and Intellectual Property [28]
		8.4.2 Copyright
		8.4.3 Patent on Design
		8.4.4 Trade Secrets
		8.4.5 Solutions for RPA to Meet up Challenges
	8.5 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
9 RPA Revolution in the Healthcare Industry During COVID-19
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Background
	9.3 Robotic Process Automation
		9.3.1 Types of RPA
		9.3.2 Advantages of RPA
		9.3.3 Cognitive RPA
		9.3.4 RPA and Artificial Intelligence
		9.3.5 Applications of AI-Enabled RPA 
	9.4 RPA and Value Creation in Healthcare
		9.4.1 Ethical Challenges
	9.5 Case Studies
		9.5.1 Glaucoma Screening 
		9.5.2 AI-Enabled RPA During COVID-19 
		9.5.3 Baylor Scott and White Health|Revenue and Financial Stabilization
	9.6 Conclusion
	References
10 Importance of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) in the Banking Industry: A Study from an Indian Perspective
	10.1 Introduction
		10.1.1 Background of the Study
		10.1.2 Motivation
		10.1.3 Various Ways to Handle the Challenges
		10.1.4 Robotic Process Automation (RPA)
		10.1.5 Roadmap
	10.2 Methodology
	10.3 Literature Review
	10.4 How Do AI and RPA Work in the Banking Industry?
		10.4.1 Example: How AI and RPA Are Working in the Equity Segment of Banking Industry?
	10.5 How AI and RPA Can Help in the Conversion of Challenges to Opportunity
		10.5.1 Volume
		10.5.2 Variety
		10.5.3 Diversification
		10.5.4 Non-internet Access
		10.5.5 Physical Accessibility
		10.5.6 Operational Costs
		10.5.7 Risk
		10.5.8 Customer Experience
		10.5.9 24 × 7 Banking
		10.5.10 Regulatory Compliance
		10.5.11 Fraud
		10.5.12 Loan and Credit
		10.5.13 Investment
		10.5.14 Ethic
	10.6 How RPA Can Expedite Repetitive Works
	10.7 What Are the Use Cases Getting Implemented in Banks?
	10.8 Details of a Few Use Cases Implemented in the Banking Industries
		10.8.1 Fraud Analytics
		10.8.2 Anomaly Detection
		10.8.3 Stock Market’s Growth from New Users’ Point of View
		10.8.4 Customer 360: Understand the Customer from All Dimensions
		10.8.5 Credit Card Customer Life Cycle
	10.9 Ongoing Trends and May Reach to Maturity in a Few Years
		10.9.1 Conversational AI (Also One of the Major Solutions by RPA)
		10.9.2 Personalised Service with High Accuracy
		10.9.3 Data Collection Points
		10.9.4 Almost Real-Time Fraud Detection
		10.9.5 Ethical AI
		10.9.6 Big Spend on AI and RPA
	10.10 Limitations: Is AI and RPA Panacea?
	10.11 Conclusion
	References
11 Integration of RPA and AI in Industry 4.0
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Literature Survey
	11.3 From Industry 1.0 to Industry 4.0: The Evolution
		11.3.1 Industry 1.0 (1750–1830): The Beginning
		11.3.2 Industry 2.0 (1850–1914): Building on the Bedrocks
		11.3.3 Industry 3.0 (1940–2010): Automatons Taking Over Industries
		11.3.4 Industry 4.0 (Present): The Age of AI and RPA
		11.3.5 Comparison Between Industry 3.0 and Industry 4.0
	11.4 RPA: Catalyst of Industry 4.0
	11.5 AI in Industry 4.0
	11.6 Integration of RPA and AI: Intelligent Automation
	11.7 Benefits of Integrating RPA and AI
	11.8 Challenges Faced While Integrating Intelligent Automation Solutions
	11.9 Misconceptions About Intelligent Automation (IA) in Industry 4.0
	11.10 Use Cases of Intelligent Automation
	11.11 RPA Tools with Intelligent Automation (IA) Support
	11.12 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
12 A Comprehensive Review on Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Robotic Process Automation (RPA) for the Development of Smart Cities
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Literature Review
	12.3 Impacts of RPA and AI to Develop a Smart City
		12.3.1 RPA and AI in Industry 4.0
		12.3.2 Importance of AI and RPA in the Banking Industry
		12.3.3 The Impact of Road to Intelligent Automation in the Energy Sector
		12.3.4 Importance of AI in 5G
	12.4 Applications
		12.4.1 Role of RPA in Intelligent Auditing
		12.4.2 RPA in Digital Forensics (DF)
	12.5 Advantages
		12.5.1 Role of AI & RPA in Business Model Design for Digital Platform
		12.5.2 RPA Emerges as a Threat to Traditional Low Cost Out Sourcing
		12.5.3 A Decision-Support System in Selecting Process for RPA
		12.5.4 Important Role of AI and RPA Due to Pandemic Situation
		12.5.5 Communication Robot for Senior Citizen Based on RPA
	12.6 Blessing or Curse
	12.7 Smart Environment
		12.7.1 Use Cases Where AI Can Develop RPA
		12.7.2 Services Applied in Smart Cities
		12.7.3 Main Objective of Smart City Services
	12.8 Internet of Things (IoT)
	12.9 Conclusion
	References
13 The Existing IT Functions and Robotic Process Automation
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 History of Automation
		13.2.1 The 1990s: Automation for User Interface Testing
		13.2.2 The 2000s: Banking Sector Automation
		13.2.3 Timeline 2010–2020: Business Process Automation
	13.3 A Brief of RPA
		13.3.1 RPA Tools
		13.3.2 The Relationship Between AI and RPA
		13.3.3 Creating End–End Automation with AI and RPA
		13.3.4 The Role of AI and RPA in IT Processes
		13.3.5 Benefits of RPA
		13.3.6 Phases of Automation
		13.3.7 The IT Functions and RPA
		13.3.8 Hyper Automation
		13.3.9 Benefits of Hyper Automation
	13.4 Scope and Future of RPA
	13.5 Conclusion
	References
14 RPA Adoption in Healthcare Application
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Related Work
	14.3 Benefits of RPA
	14.4 General Applications of RPA
	14.5 Need for RPA in Healthcare
	14.6 RPA Tools
		14.6.1 UiPath
		14.6.2 BluePrism
		14.6.3 Automation Anywhere
		14.6.4 WinAutomation (26–29)
	14.7 Research Challenges
	14.8 Future Research Directions
	14.9 Conclusion
	References
15 Cognitive IoT Meets Robotic Process Automation: The Unique Convergence Revolutionizing Digital Transformation in the Industry 4.0 Era
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Background and Motivation
	15.3 Significance of Cognitive IoT
	15.4 Role of RPA in Industrial Automation
	15.5 Core Architectural Patterns
		15.5.1 Store-Forward Pattern
		15.5.2 Streaming Pipeline Pattern
		15.5.3 Context Aware Routing and Dispatch Pattern
	15.6 Use Cases in Cleantech, Smart Grid, Manufacturing, and Healthcare
		15.6.1 Process Automation
		15.6.2 Smart Grid
		15.6.3 Smart City
		15.6.4 Smart Home
		15.6.5 Smart Healthcare
		15.6.6 Object Detection and Computer Vision
	15.7 Conclusion
	References
16 Confluence of Artificial Intelligence and Robotic Process Automation: Concluding Remarks
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 Different Application Areas of RPA
		16.2.1 Intelligent Auditing
		16.2.2 Smart Education
		16.2.3 Cybersecurity
		16.2.4 Legal Process Handling
		16.2.5 Inventory Management
	16.3 Advantages of RPA
	16.4 Why RPA is Falling Short of Expectations
	16.5 Conclusion
	References
Index