Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region

Conflict and Cooperation in the Gulf Region (2009)
......Page 1
ISBN: 9783531162058......Page 4
Preface......Page 6
--> Contents......Page 8
List of Boxes......Page 12
About the Author......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 14
Introduction......Page 16
1 Emergence of Conflict......Page 18
2 Regional Asymmetry......Page 20
3 Geographical Disputes and Other Historical Sources of Tension Between Gulf States......Page 23
2 Historical Sources of Conflict......Page 25
2.1 Roots of the Historical Conflict......Page 26
2.2 The Empires’ Legacies......Page 28
2.3 Components of a Recurring Conflict......Page 29
2.4 Another Component of Escalation: The Cold War and Western Attempts to Create an Anti-Soviet Alliance......Page 32
2.5 Iran: The Gulf‘s Policeman......Page 39
3 The Regional Status Quo......Page 43
4 Khomeini and the Islamic Revolution......Page 47
5 The War......Page 51
6 Regional Impact of the Iran-Iraq War......Page 54
6.1 The Tanker War......Page 60
6.2 GCC and Kuwait......Page 62
7.1 Iraq......Page 66
7.2 Iran......Page 69
8.1 Iraq......Page 73
8.2 Iran......Page 74
8.3 Neighboring Arab States......Page 75
9 Conclusion......Page 77
1 Iraq’s Passage to War......Page 79
2 Kuwait: Confusing Friend and Foe......Page 83
2.1 Kuwait’s Security: The Attitude Towards Iraq......Page 88
2.2 Kuwaiti Responses to Iraq’s Demands......Page 90
3 Inter-Arab Mediation of the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict......Page 94
3.1 The Legacy of Mediation......Page 95
3.2 Background to the Gulf Crisis......Page 97
3.3 Approaching Mediation......Page 100
3.4 The Mediators and Their Actions......Page 104
3.5 After 2 August......Page 108
3.6 Epilogue and Conclusions......Page 113
4 The Unique Role of the United Nations during the Iraq-Kuwait Conflict......Page 116
5 The Characteristics of the War......Page 117
6 The Attempts at Post-War Accords......Page 120
7 The Search for Gulf Security......Page 124
7.1 The Arab Gulf States’ Indecisiveness: Basic Considerations......Page 126
7.2 Difficulties in Arriving at a Security Arrangement......Page 128
7.3 Divided Security and Growing Conflicts: Escalation of the Iraqi-Kuwaiti Tension......Page 132
7.4 Iran’s Bid for Regional Influence......Page 133
7.5 The Saudi-Qatari Dispute......Page 135
7.6 Gulf Security in the Fall of 1992......Page 136
7.7 Attempts to Defuse Tensions: Attitudes Toward Egypt and Syria......Page 137
7.8 Readdressing the Issue of a GCC Army......Page 139
7.9 Limited Achievements......Page 140
1 Introduction......Page 142
2 U.S. Foreign Policy Background: The Nixon Doctrine and Twin Pillars......Page 143
3 U.S. Dual Containment......Page 147
4.1 1991......Page 148
4.2 Perceptions in the Gulf......Page 151
4.3 U.S. Policymaking toward Iraq......Page 152
4.4 Iraq and the International Community......Page 153
4.5 Iraqi Economy......Page 156
4.6 Saddam’s Defiance......Page 157
4.7 New U.S. Policy toward Iraq?......Page 163
5 Iran......Page 164
5.1 The Iranian Economy during the 1990s......Page 166
5.2 Social Unrest in Iran......Page 168
5.3 U.S. Imposes Sanctions on Iran......Page 169
5.4 Iranian Foreign Policy Background......Page 171
5.5 Iranian Foreign Policy in the 1990s......Page 173
5.6 The Iranian Nuclear Issue......Page 178
5.7 Europe’s "Critical Dialogue”......Page 180
5.8 Iranian Escalation leads to U.S. Sanctions......Page 181
5.9 Iranian Response to U.S. Sanctions......Page 184
6 Limitations of U.S. Sanctions......Page 192
7 Gulf States’ Security during the 1990s......Page 193
8.1 Unity in Yemen......Page 195
8.2 The Saudi Arabia-Yemen Border......Page 196
8.3 Bahrain-Qatar Border Dispute......Page 197
8.5 Gulf States and Iran......Page 198
1 Introduction......Page 202
2 The Rise of Extremist Opposition......Page 206
3 The 21st Century: Religious Extremism Turns into Fierce Opposition......Page 211
4 Terrorism......Page 215
4.2 Saudi Responses......Page 220
4.3 Two main points worth mentioning in retrospect......Page 223
5 Responses to Religious Radicalism and Terrorism......Page 224
6 The Making of Zarqawi......Page 226
7 The Impact of Terrorism and the Iraqi War – The Gulf and Saudi Arabia......Page 236
8 Regional Problems in the Gulf......Page 240
1 Causes of Conflict......Page 245
2 The GCC’s Security Approach......Page 246
3 The Build-Up to New Security Challenges......Page 250
Appendix 1: Chronology: Iran-Iraq War......Page 252
Appendix 2: Chronology: The Iraq-Kuwait War......Page 258
Appendix 3: The Iraq-Kuwait War - Relevant UN Security Council Resolutions......Page 261
Appendix 4: Maps......Page 264
II. International Relations and Public Policy Research and Publications......Page 271
III. Internet Research Resources for the Gulf......Page 272
Appendix 5: Glossary......Page 274
Books and Articles......Page 279
Middle East Periodicals......Page 287
English Language Periodicals and Journals......Page 288