Concise History of Western Music

Maps
Color Plates
Preface to the Second Edition
x
xi xii
1 MUSIC IN ANCIENT GREECE AND EARLY CHRISTIAN ROME 1
PRELUDE I • Music in Ancient Greek Life and Thought 3 • The Early
Christian Church: Musical Thought 8 • The Early Christian Church: Musical
Practice 11 • Timeline: Greece and Rome 12 • Window-. Sounding and
Silent Harmony: Music and Astronomy 14 • POSTLUDE 16
2 CHANT AND SECULAR SONG
IN THE MIDDLE AGES, 400-1450 18
Prelude 18 • Roman Chant and Liturgy 19 • Classes, Forms, and
Types of Chant 24 • Medieval Music Theory and Practice 33
Nonliturgical and Secular Monody 36 • Timeline: The Middle
Ages 40 • Window: Eleanor of Aquitaine and Her Courts of Love 4?
POSTLUDE 43
3 POLYPHONIC MUSIC FROM ITS BEGINNINGS THROUGH
THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 45
PRELUDE 45 • Early Organum 47 • Notre Dame Organum 51
Polyphonic Conductus 57 • The Motet 58 • Timeline: Early Polyphony
59 • Window: The Motet as Gothic Cathedral 62 • POSTLUDE 62 v

FRENCH AND ITALIAN MUSIC JN THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 65
Prelude 65 • The ars nova in France 67 • Italian trecento Music 74
Timeline: Fourteenth-Century France and Italy 79 * Window: The Subtler Art
Theory and Practice in Fourteenth-Century Music 83 • Instruments
84 . POSTLUDE 85
ENGLAND AND THE BURGUNDIAN LANDS IN THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY: THE BEGINNINGS OF AN INTERNATIONAL STYLE
Prelude 86 . English Music and Its Influence 89 . Music in the
Burgundian Lands 94 . Timeline: Fifteenth-Century England and Burgundy
98 • POSTLUDE 101
THE AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE:
MUSJC OF THE LOW COUNTRIES 102
Prelude 102, • The Musical Culture of the Renaissance 104 . Northern Composers and Their Music 107 • Window: The "Gutenberg Bible” of Music
Printing 110 • Josquin and His Contemporaries 114 . Timeline: The Age of
the Renaissance 115 . POSTLUDE 131
THE AGE OF THE RENAISSANCE: NEW CURRENTS
IN THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 1:
Prelude 122 • The Generation after Josquin (1530-50) is>3 . The Rise of
National Styles: Italy 126 . The Italian Madrigal 137 . Window: The Lute
Player 129 • The Rise of National Styles: Secular Song outside Italy i36 .
The Rise of Instrumental Music 143 . Categories of Instrumental Music
J45 * Timeline: New Currents in the Rennaisance 150 • POSTLUDE 151
CHURCH MUSIC OF THE LATE RENAISSANCE
AND REFORMATION u
Prelude 153 . The Music of the Reformation in Germany 154 Reformation Church Music outside Germany 157 . Window: Music as a Symbol
for Human Frailty 158 • The Counter-Reformation 160 • Timeline: Late
Renaissance and the Reformation 165 • POSTLUDE 171
MUSIC OF THE EARLY BAROQUE PERIOD 172
PRELUDE 172 • General Characteristics of Baroque Music 174 • Early Opera
179 • Vocal Chamber Music 190 • Window: Barbara Strozzi, Singer of Love
• The Venetian School 196 • Genres of Sacred Music: Catholic and
Lutheran 199 • Window: The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa . Instrumental
Music 2o3 • Timeline: Early Baroque 306 . Postlude ?i3
OPERA AND YOCAL MUSIC
IN THE LATE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 214
Prelude 314 • Opera 215 • Vocal Music for Chamber and Church 224
Timeline: Vocal Music in the Later Seventeenth Century 2,2,8 . POSTLUDE ?3i
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC ]N THE LATE BAROQUE PERIOD 233
Prelude ^33 • Music for Organ ^34 • Music for Harpsichord and
Clavichord ^39 • Ensemble Music 243 • Window: Queen Christina of
Sweden and Her Circle 250 • Timeline: Instrumental Music in the Baroque
Period 253 • POSTLUDE 354
MUSIC IN THE EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 256
PRELUDE 256 • Antonio Vivaldi 557 • Jean-Philippe Rameau 2,62,
Johann Sebastian Bach 566 • George Frideric Handel 282
Early Eighteenth Century 287 • Window: Farinelli, the Adored Castrato
Postlude 292
THE EARLY CLASSIC PERIOD: OPERA AND INSTRUMENTAL
MUSIC IN THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 294
PRELUDE 394 • General Characteristics of the New Style 398
Musical Style and Social Custom in British Society 3oo • Opera buffa 3o2 Opera seria 3o6 • Opera Reform 3io • Instrumental Music: Sonata,
Symphony, and Concerto 3i3 • Timeline: The Enlightenment and the Early
Classic Period 3?o • Postlude 3?3
THE LATE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY: HAYDN AND MOZART 324
Prelude 3?4 • Franz Joseph Haydn 3^5 • Haydn’s Instrumental Music
3^5 • Haydn’s Vocal Works 340 • Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart 342
Mozart’s Years in Salzburg 345 . Mozart’s Vienna Years 347 . Timeline:
The Late Eighteenth Century 355 . Window: Mozart and His Father 358
Postlude 36o
LUDWIG VAN BEETHOVEN 3<<
PRELUDE 36i • First Period 363 • Second Period 366 . Third Period
375 . Window: The Immortal Beloved 376 . Timeline: The Beethoven Years
38? . Postlude 383
ROMANTICISM AND NINETEENTH-CENTURY
ORCHESTRAL MUSIC 35
Prelude 384 . Romanticism 385 . Orchestral Music 386 . Window:
The Symphony Orchestra 89? • timeline: Romanticism and the Symphony
398 . Postlude 401
SOLO, CHAMBER, AND VOCAL MUSIC IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY
PRELUDE 404 • Solo Music for Piano 405 . Window: A Ballad of Love
41? • Chamber Music 415 . Vocal Music: The Lied 419 .
Postlude 424
OPERA, MUSIC DRAMA, AND CHURCH MUSIC
IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY 425
Prelude 425 . French Grand (and Not-So-Grand) Opera 427 . Window:
The Musical Attraction of "The Other” 428 . Italian Opera 432 •
Giuseppe Verdi 434 . German Romantic Opera 438 . Richard Wagner and
the Music Drama 439 • Timeline: Nineteenth-Century Opera 446
Church Music 446 . Postlude 449
EUROPEAN MUSIC FROM THE 1870S TO WORLD WAR 1 450
PRELUDE 450 . The German Tradition 451 . National Trends 46? .
New Currents in France 470 • Window: Impressionism 476 • Italian
Opera 480 . Timeline: European Music before World War I 480 .
Postlude 48?
THE EUROPEAN MAINSTREAM IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY 483
PRELUDE 483 • Ethnic Contexts 486 • The Soviet Orbit 491 • England
494 • Germany 497 • Neo-Classicism in France 500 • Stravinsky
502 • Window: Nijinsky’s Lost Ballet 510 • Timeline: Early Twentieth
Century: The European Mainstream 513 • POSTLUDE 513
21 ATONALITY, SERIALISM, AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY EUROPE 515
PRELUDE 515 • Schoenberg and His Followers 516 • Window-.
Expressionism 524 • AfterWebern 528 • Recent Developments 580
Timeline: Twentieth Century: Other Trends and New Developments 538 POSTLUDE 539
22 THE AMERICAN TWENTIETH CENTURY 540
PRELUDE 540 • Music in the North American Colonies 54? • Vernacular Styles 546 • Foundations for an American Art Music 55? • Since 1945
560 • Timeline: The American Twentieth Century 572 • Postlude 578
Further Reading
579
Glossary-
583
Credits
596
Index
599