Concise Clinical Immunology for Health Professionals

Book Cover......Page 1
Half-Title......Page 2
Title......Page 4
Copyright......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
List of Figures......Page 11
List of Tables......Page 14
List of Case Studies......Page 16
Acknowledgements......Page 17
Abbreviations......Page 18
Introduction......Page 24
Part 1: Basic Immunology......Page 26
1.1 Introduction......Page 30
1.2 Overview of Defence Mechanisms......Page 33
1.3 Cells and Organs of the Immune System......Page 38
1.4 Innate Immune Responses I......Page 43
1.5 Innate Immune Responses II – The Complement System......Page 47
1.6 Innate Immune Responses III – Other Soluble Factors......Page 50
1.7 Inflammation......Page 54
1.8 What the Immune System Recognises......Page 59
1.9 Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) Molecules......Page 63
1.10 Antigen Presentation......Page 66
1.11 How Does the Immune System See Antigen?......Page 69
1.12 Lymphocyte Maturation......Page 73
1.13 Immunoglobulin Structure......Page 78
1.14 B Cell Activation......Page 83
1.15 Immunoglobulin Function......Page 88
1.16 T Cell Receptor and Immune Repertoire......Page 92
1.17 Helper T Cell Activation......Page 97
1.18 Cytotoxic T Cells......Page 103
1.19 The Mucosal Immune System......Page 106
1.20 Initiation of the Immune Response......Page 108
1.21 Maintenance of the Immune Response......Page 113
1.22 Control of the Immune Response......Page 116
1.23 Ontogeny of the Immune Response......Page 120
1.24 Immune Responses to Infection......Page 123
1.25 How Organisms Evade the Immune System......Page 127
1.26 Consequences of an Immune Response......Page 130
1.27 Host Defence Against Tumours......Page 132
1.28 Autoimmunity......Page 136
1.29 Hypersensitivity......Page 140
1.30 Atopy and Allergic Inflammation......Page 144
Self Assessment......Page 147
Part 2: Clinical Immunology......Page 152
2.1 Clinical Manifestations of Atopy......Page 154
2.2 Asthma......Page 158
2.3 Urticaria and Angioedema......Page 162
2.4 Food Allergy......Page 166
2.5 Anaphylaxis......Page 169
2.6 Other Types of Hypersensitivity Reactions......Page 172
2.7 Immunodeficiency......Page 175
2.8 Defects in Antibody-mediated Immunity......Page 178
2.9 Defects in T Cell-mediated Immunity......Page 183
2.10 Neutrophil Disorders......Page 189
2.11 Complement Deficiency......Page 192
2.12 Defective Splenic Function......Page 194
2.13 Human Immunodeficiency Virus......Page 197
2.14 Autoimmunity......Page 201
2.15 Autoimmune Endocrinopathies......Page 204
2.16 Immune-mediated Haematological Conditions......Page 208
2.17 Autoimmune Liver Diseases......Page 212
2.18 Immune-mediated Gastrointestinal Disorders......Page 216
2.19 Immune-mediated Neurological Disease......Page 220
2.20 Immune-mediated Skin Disease......Page 223
2.21 Immune-mediated Renal Disease......Page 227
2.22 Rheumatoid Disease and Spondylarthropathies......Page 232
2.23 Connective Tissue Diseases......Page 236
2.24 Vasculitis......Page 240
2.25 Hypersensitivity Induced by Pathogens......Page 245
2.26 Transplantation......Page 248
2.27 Haemopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation......Page 250
2.28 Solid Organ Transplantation......Page 254
2.29 Lymphoid Malignancies......Page 259
2.30 Leukaemia and Lymphoma......Page 263
2.31 Plasma Cell Diseases......Page 267
Self Assessment......Page 272
Part 3: Immunotechniques and Diagnostic Tests Used in Clinical Immunology......Page 278
3.1 Laboratory Tests in Clinical Immunology......Page 280
3.2 Antibodies are Essential Tools in the Clinicl Immunology Laboratory......Page 284
3.3 Detection of Antibodies and Antigen......Page 287
3.4 Autoantibody Profiles in Connective Tissue Diseases and Rheumatoid Disease......Page 297
3.5 Autoantibodies Associated with Vasculitic Syndromes and Renal Diseases......Page 311
3.6 Autoantibodies Associated with Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases......Page 315
3.7 Autoantibodies Associated with Endocrine Diseases and Pernicious Anaemia......Page 322
3.8 Other Organ-specific Autoimmuniy......Page 327
3.9 Measurement of the Acute Phase Response......Page 334
3.10 Complement......Page 337
3.11 Immunodeficiency......Page 341
3.12 Abnormal Immunoglobulins......Page 356
3.13 Angioedema: C1-Inhibitor Disorders......Page 362
3.14 Allergy and Hypersensitivity......Page 365
3.15 Transplantation......Page 370
3.16 Immunophenotyping Leukaemias and Lymphomas......Page 374
3.17 Direct Immunofluorescence......Page 378
Self Assessment......Page 381
Part 4: Treatment of Immunological Disorders......Page 386
4.1 Principles of Immunosuppression......Page 388
4.2 Corticosteroids......Page 390
4.3 Immunosuppression (I)......Page 394
4.4 Immunosuppression (II)......Page 397
4.5 Therapeutic Antibody Production......Page 399
4.6 Targeted Cell Depletion......Page 402
4.7 Other Antibody Therapies......Page 406
4.8 Immunoglobulin Replacement Therapy......Page 409
4.9 High Dose Immunoglobulin Therapy......Page 413
4.10 Cytokines......Page 415
4.11 Vaccination and Passive Immunisation......Page 417
4.12 Plasmapheresis and Plasma Exchange......Page 421
4.13 Management of Acute Allergic Reactions......Page 424
Self Assessment......Page 427
Clinical Immunology – Future Prospects......Page 429
Glossary......Page 432
Index......Page 440