Conceptual issues in evolutionary biology

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
List of Contributors......Page 28
I Fitness......Page 30
1 The Propensity Interpretation of Fitness......Page 32
2 The Two Faces of Fitness......Page 54
II Units of Selection......Page 68
3 Excerpts from Adaptation and Natural Selection......Page 70
4 Levels of Selection: An Alternative to Individualism in Biology and the Human Sciences......Page 92
III Adaptationism......Page 106
5 The Spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian Paradigm: A Critique of the Adaptationist Programme......Page 108
6 Optimization Theory in Evolution......Page 128
IV Women in the Evolutionary Process......Page 158
7 Empathy, Polyandry, and the Myth of the Coy Female......Page 160
8 Pre-theoretical Assumptions in Evolutionary Explanations of Female Sexuality......Page 190
V Evolutionary Psychology......Page 202
9 Toward Mapping the Evolved Functional Organization of Mind and Brain......Page 204
10 Evolutionary Psychology: A Critique......Page 226
VI Laws in Evolutionary Theory......Page 244
11 The Evolutionary Contingency Thesis......Page 246
12 Two Outbreaks of Lawlessness in Recent Philosophy of Biology......Page 278
VII Reductionism......Page 288
13 1953 and All That: A Tale of Two Sciences......Page 290
14 Why the Antireductionist Consensus Won’t Survive the Case of Classical Mendelian Genetics......Page 312
15 The Multiple Realizability Argument Against Reductionism......Page 330
VIII Essentialism and Population Thinking......Page 352
16 Typological versus Population Thinking......Page 354
17 Evolution, Population Thinking, and Essentialism......Page 358
IX Species......Page 390
18 A Matter of Individuality......Page 392
19 Choosing Among Alternative ‘‘Phylogenetic’’ Species Concepts......Page 416
X Phylogenetic Inference......Page 436
20 Cases in Which Parsimony or Compatibility Methods Will Be Positively Misleading......Page 438
21 The Logical Basis of Phylogenetic Analysis......Page 452
XI Race—Social Construction or Biological Reality?......Page 482
22 Why There Are No Human Races......Page 484
23 A New Perspective on the Race Debate......Page 506
XII Cultural Evolution......Page 532
24 Does Culture Evolve?......Page 534
25 Models of Cultural Evolution......Page 564
XIII Evolutionary Ethics......Page 582
26 Moral Philosophy as Applied Science......Page 584
27 Four Ways of ‘‘Biologicizing’’ Ethics......Page 604
Index......Page 616