Concepts of Genetics

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ABOUT THE AUTHOR
BRIEF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE
A VISUAL GUIDE TO CONCEPTS OF GENETICS
PART I: INTRODUCTION
	1 OVERVIEW OF GENETICS
		1.1 The Molecular Expression of Genes
		1.2 The Relationship Between Genes and Traits
		1.3 Fields of Genetics
		1.4 The Science of Genetics
PART II: PATTERNS OF INHERITANCE
	2 REPRODUCTION AND CHROMOSOME TRANSMISSION
		2.1 General Features of Chromosomes
		2.2 Cell Division
		2.3 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
		2.4 Meiosis
		2.5 Sexual Reproduction
	3 MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
		3.1 Mendel’s Study of Pea Plants
		3.2 Law of Segregation
		3.3 Law of Independent Assortment
		3.4 Chromosome Theory of Inheritance
		3.5 Studying Inheritance Patterns in Humans
		3.6 Probability and Statistics
	4 SEX DETERMINATION AND SEX CHROMOSOMES
		4.1 Mechanisms of Sex Determination Among Various Species
		4.2 Dosage Compensation and X-Chromosome Inactivation in Mammals
		4.3 Properties of the X and Y Chromosomes in Mammals
		4.4 Transmission Patterns for X-Linked Genes
	5 EXTENSIONS OF MENDELIAN INHERITANCE
		5.1 Overview of Simple Inheritance Patterns
		5.2 Dominant and Recessive Alleles
		5.3 Environmental Effects On Gene Expression
		5.4 Incomplete Dominance, Overdominance, and Codominance
		5.5 Sex-Influenced and Sex-Limited Inheritance
		5.6 Lethal Alleles
		5.7 Understanding Complex Phenotypes Caused By Mutations in Single Genes
		5.8 Gene Interaction
	6 EXTRANUCLEAR INHERITANCE, IMPRINTING, AND MATERNAL EFFECT
		6.1 Extranuclear Inheritance: Chloroplasts
		6.2 Extranuclear Inheritance: Mitochondria
		6.3 Theory of Endosymbiosis
		6.4 Epigenetics: Imprinting
		6.5 Maternal Effect
	7 GENETIC LINKAGE AND MAPPING IN EUKARYOTES
		7.1 Overview of Linkage
		7.2 Relationship Between Linkage and Crossing Over
		7.3 Genetic Mapping in Plants and Animals
		7.4 Mitotic Recombination
	8 VARIATION IN CHROMOSOME STRUCTURE AND NUMBER
		8.1 Microscopic Examination of Eukaryotic Chromosomes
		8.2 Changes in Chromosome Structure: An Overview
		8.3 Deletions and Duplications
		8.4 Inversions and Translocations
		8.5 Changes in Chromosome Number: An Overview
		8.6 Variation in the Number of Chromosomes Within A Set: Aneuploidy
		8.7 Variation in the Number of Sets of Chromosomes
		8.8 Mechanisms That Produce Variation in Chromosome Number
	9 GENETICS OF BACTERIA
		9.1 Overview of Genetic Transfer in Bacteria
		9.2 Bacterial Conjugation
		9.3 Conjugation and Mapping via Hfr Strains
		9.4 Bacterial Transduction
		9.5 Bacterial Transformation
		9.6 Medical Relevance of Horizontal Gene Transfer
	10 GENETICS OF VIRUSES
		10.1 Virus Structure and Genetic Composition
		10.2 Viral Reproductive Cycles
PART III: MOLECULAR STRUCTURE AND REPLICATION OF THE GENETIC MATERIAL
	11 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF DNA AND RNA
		11.2 Overview of DNA and RNA Structure
		11.3 Nucleotide Structure
		11.4 Structure of a DNA Strand
		11.5 Discovery of the Double Helix
		11.6 Structure of the DNA Double Helix
		11.7 RNA Structure
	12 MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF CHROMOSOMES AND TRANSPOSITION
		12.1 Organization of Functional Sites Along Bacterial Chromosomes
		12.2 Structure of Bacterial Chromosomes
		12.3 Organization of Functional Sites Along Eukaryotic Chromosomes
		12.4 Sizes of Eukaryotic Genomes and Repetitive Sequences
		12.5 Transposition
		12.6 Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes in Nondividing Cells
		12.7 Structure of Eukaryotic Chromosomes During Cell Division
	13 DNA REPLICATION AND RECOMBINATION
		13.1 Structural Overview of DNA Replication
		13.2 Bacterial DNA Replication: The Formation of Two Replication Forks at the Origin of Replication
		13.3 Bacterial DNA Replication: Synthesis of New DNA Strands
		13.4 Bacterial DNA Replication: Chemistry and Accuracy
		13.5 Eukaryotic DNA Replication
		13.6 Homologous Recombination
PART IV: MOLECULAR PROPERTIES OF GENES
	14 GENE TRANSCRIPTION AND RNA MODIFICATION
		14.1 Overview of Transcription
		14.2 Transcription in Bacteria
		14.3 Transcription in Eukaryotes
		14.4 RNA Modification
		14.5 A Comparison of Transcription and RNA Modification in Bacteria and Eukaryotes
	15 TRANSLATION OF mRNA
		15.1 The Genetic Basis for Protein Synthesis
		15.2 The Relationship Between the Genetic Code and Protein Synthesis
		15.3 Experimental Determination of the Genetic Code
		15.4 Structure and Function of tRNA
		15.5 Ribosome Structure and Assembly
		15.6 Stages of Translation
	16 GENE REGULATION IN BACTERIA
		16.1 Overview of Transcriptional Regulation
		16.2 Regulation of the lac Operon
		16.3 Regulation of the trp Operon
		16.4 Translational and Posttranslational Regulation
		16.5 Riboswitches
	17 GENE REGULATION IN EUKARYOTES
		17.1 Regulatory Transcription Factors
		17.2 Chromatin Remodeling, Histone Variants, and Histone Modification
		17.3 DNA Methylation
		17.4 Overview of Epigenetics
		17.5 Epigenetics and Development
		17.6 Epigenetics and Environmental Agents
		17.7 Regulation of Translation and RNA Stability
	18 NON-CODING RNAs
		18.1 Overview of Non-Coding RNAs
		18.2 Non-Coding RNAs: Effects on Chromatin Structure and Transcription
		18.3 Non-Coding RNAs: Effects on Translation and mRNA Degradation
		18.4 Non-Coding RNAs and Protein Targeting
		18.5 Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Defense
		18.6 Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Human Diseases
	19 GENE MUTATION AND DNA REPAIR
		19.1 Effects of Mutations on Gene Structure and Function
		19.2 Random Nature of Mutations
		19.3 Spontaneous Mutations
		19.4 Induced Mutations
		19.5 DNA Repair
PART V: GENETIC TECHNOLOGIES
	20 MOLECULAR TECHNOLOGIES
		20.1 Gene Cloning Using Vectors
		20.2 Polymerase Chain Reaction
		20.3 Reproductive Cloning and Stem Cells
		20.4 DNA Sequencing
		20.5 Gene Editing
		20.6 Blotting Methods To Detect Gene Products
		20.7 Analyzing DNA- and RNA-Binding Proteins
	21 GENOMICS
		21.1 Overview of Chromosome Mapping
		21.2 In situ Hybridization
		21.3 Molecular Markers
		21.4 Genome-Sequencing Projects
		21.5 Metagenomics
		21.6 Functional Genomics
PART VI: GENETIC ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALS AND POPULATIONS
	22 MEDICAL GENETICS AND CANCER
		22.1 Inheritance Patterns of Genetic Diseases
		22.2 Detection of Disease-Causing Alleles via Haplotypes
		22.3 Genetic Testing and Screening
		22.4 Overview of Cancer
		22.5 Oncogenes
		22.6 Tumor-Suppressor Genes
		22.7 Role of Epigenetics in Cancer
		22.8 Personalized Medicine
	23 POPULATION GENETICS
		23.1 Genes in Populations and the Hardy-Weinberg Equation
		23.2 Overview of Microevolution
		23.3 Natural Selection
		23.4 Genetic Drift
		23.5 Migration
		23.6 Nonrandom Mating
		23.7 Sources of New Genetic Variation
	24 QUANTITATIVE GENETICS
		24.1 Overview of Quantitative Traits
		24.2 Statistical Methods for Evaluating Quantitative Traits
		24.3 Polygenic Inheritance
		24.4 Identification of Genes That Control Quantitative Traits
		24.5 Heritability
		24.6 Selective Breeding
APPENDIX A
APPENDIX B
GLOSSARY
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INDEX
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