Concept-Based Clinical Nursing Skills: Fundamental to Advanced 1st Edition

Title page
Disclaimer
Table of Contents
Copyright
About the Authors
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Unit 1. Fundamental Nursing Skills
	Chapter 1. Foundations of Safe Client Care
		Section 1 Identifying the Client
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Preventing Infection
		Chain of Infection
		Preventing the Transmission of Infection
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Moving Clients Safely
		Benefits of Proper Client Positioning and Repositioning
		Ergonomics and Body Mechanics
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Using Restraints
		Defining Restraints
		Use of Securing Devices
		Regulations Governing Use of Restraints
		Application of the Nursing Process
	Chapter 2. Personal Care and Hygiene
		Section 1 Bathing a Client
		Skin Assessment
		Skin Care
		Bathing an Adult
		Bathing an Infant
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Oral Hygiene
		Dentures
		Oral Care in the Acute Care Setting
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Providing Hair Care
		Shaving
		Lice
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Eye and Ear Care
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 5 Assisting With Elimination
		Applying Concepts of Safety, Client-Centered Care, Collaboration, and Health Maintenance
		Bedside Commode, Urinals, Bedpans, and Condom Catheters
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 6 Making Beds
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Concept Map
	Chapter 3. Vital Signs and Vital Measurements
		Vital Signs
		Section 1 Assessing Temperature
		Sites and Methods of Temperature Assessment
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Section 2 Regulating Temperature
		Regulating Temperature
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Section 3 Assessing Pulses
		Location and Differentiation of Pulses
		Apical Pulse
		Technique for Assessing Pulses
		Alterations of the Client’S Pulse
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Assessing Respirations
		Assessing Respirations in Pediatric Clients
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 5 Assessing Blood Pressure
		Classification of Hypertension
		Factors Affecting Blood Pressure
		Measuring Blood Pressure
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Vital Measurements
		Section 6 Assessing Oxygen Saturation
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Section 7 Assessing Blood Glucose
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Evaluation (EVAL)
		Concept Map
	Chapter 4. Performing an Assessment
		The Assessment Process
		Section 1 Collecting Subjective and Objective Data
		Collecting Subjective Data
		Collecting Objective Data
		Performing a Preliminary Survey
		Summary
		Section 2 Performing a Head-to-Toe or System-Specific Assessment
		Critical Concepts When Performing a Head-to-Toe or System-Specific Assessment
		Performing a Rapid Head-to-Toe Bedside Assessment
		Performing a System-Specific Assessment
	Chapter 5. Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Tube Therapy
		Essential and Nonessential Nutrients
		Macronutrients and Micronutrients
		Digestion and Assimilation of Nutrients
		Nutritional Guidelines
		Alterations That can Cause Nutritional Deficiencies
		Section 1 Nutritional Assessment
		Criteria Used for a Nutritional Screening or Assessment
		Assessing and Monitoring a Client’s Food and Fluid Intake
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Assisting Clients With Oral Nutrition
		Types of Diets
		Preparing A Client to Receive a Meal
		Assisting A Client who has Difficulty Eating
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Providing Gastric Tube Therapy
		Nasogastric Sump Tube
		Levin Tubes and Gastric Lavage Tubes
		Placement And Care Of A Nasogastric Sump Tube
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Providing Enteral Nutrition
		Routes of Enteral Feeding
		Daily Care for Clients With Gastrostomy, peg, and Jejunostomy Tubes
		Delivery Methods for Enteral Nutrition
		Reducing Risks of Enteral Nutrition
		Home Care Considerations
		Providing Client-Centered Care During Enteral Nutrition
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 6. Supporting Mobility and Immobilization
		Section 1 Supporting Mobility
		Collaborative Care for Clients With Assistive Devices
		Range of Motion
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Supporting Immobilization
		Supporting Immobilization of a Limb or Joint
		Supporting Cervical Immobilization
		Pin Care
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Caring for a Client With an Amputation
		Communication: Client Education and Collaboration
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 7. Comfort Care
		The Impact of Pain
		Nociceptive and Neuropathic Pain
		Acute and Chronic Pain
		Section 1 Assessment of Pain and Discomfort
		Subjective and Objective Assessment of Pain
		Examples of Pain Tools Used for Assessment of Pain
		Assessment of Pain for Diverse Populations
		Lifespan Considerations: Older Adults and Pediatric Clients
		Summary of Best Practice Recommendations for Assessment of Pain
		Summary of Application of Critical Concepts for Assessment of Pain
		Application Of The Nursing Process
		Section 2 Using Relaxation Measures to Promote Comfort
		Enhancing the Client’s Environment
		Controlled Breathing
		Guided Imagery
		Massage Therapy
		Summary
		Application Of The Nursing Process
		Section 3 Using a TENS Unit to Promote Comfort
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Using Heat or Cold to Promote Comfort
		Safety Considerations and Precautions for Heat and Cold Therapy
		Different Types of Heat and Cold Therapy
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 5 Using Patient-Controlled Analgesia to Promote Comfort
		Safety Considerations When Using PCA Therapy
		Summary
		Application Of The Nursing Process
		Section 6 Using Epidural Analgesia to Promote Comfort
		Safety Considerations for Epidural Catheters
		Potential Complications of Epidural Catheters
		Summary
	Chapter 8. End-of-Life Care
		Definition of End of Life
		End-of-Life Care and Palliative Care
		Nursing Initiatives and End-of-Life Care
		Section 1 Bereavement and Spiritual Care
		Theories of Grieving
		Types of Grief
		Children and Grief
		Nurses and Grief
		Providing Spiritual Care for a Client and Family
		Summary
		Section 2 Assisting a Client and Family With Advance Care Planning
		Tools Used for Advance Care Planning
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Caring for a Client Near the End of Life
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Caring for a Client After Death
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
Unit 2. Intermediate Nursing Skills
	Chapter 9. Airway and Breathing
		Section 1 Maintaining the Health of the Respiratory System
		Deep Breathing and Coughing
		Incentive Spirometry
		Chest Physiotherapy
		Respiratory System-Specific Assessment
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Administering Oxygen
		Impaired Gas Exchange
		Using a High-Pressure Oxygen Cylinder
		Administering Supplemental Oxygen
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Establishing and Maintaining an Open Airway
		Oropharyngeal Airway
		Nasopharyngeal Airway
		Nasopharyngeal Suctioning
		Tracheostomy
		Suctioning an Artificial Airway
		Collecting Sputum Samples
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 10. Sterile Technique
		Section 1 Preparing a Sterile Field
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Preparing to Enter a Sterile Perioperative Setting
		Surgical Attire
		Surgical Hand Antisepsis
		Surgical Gowns and Gloves
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 11. Medication Administration
		Medication Safety Initiatives
		Rights of Medication Administration
		Safely Processing Medication Orders
		Performing Preassessments
		Safely Preparing and Distributing Medications
		Performing Safety Checks
		Safety Considerations for High-Alert Medications
		Performing Dosage Calculation
		Section 1 Administering Oral Medications
		Types of Oral Medications
		Crushing/Altering Oral Medications
		Preparing and Administering Oral Medications
		Best-Practice Recommendations
		Pediatric Considerations
		Home Care and Geriatric Considerations
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Administering Enteral Medications
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Administering Mucous Membrane Applications
		Sublingual and Buccal Medications
		Nasal Instillations
		Inhalers and Nebulizers
		Rectal and Vaginal Administration
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Administering Topical Medications
		Topical Medications for Localized Effect
		Transdermal Medications for Systemic Effect
		Eye and Ear Medications
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 5 Administering Parenteral Medications
		Preparing Equipment for Injections
		Components of a Needle and Syringe
		Using Safety and Needleless Systems
		Preparing Medications
		Administering Injections
		Administering Intradermal Injections
		Administering Subcutaneous Injections
		Administering Intramuscular Injections
		Administering Insulin
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 12. Venous Access
		Section 1 Collecting Venous Blood Specimens
		Ensuring Accuracy
		Selecting a Vein
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Initiating, Dressing, and Discontinuing a Peripheral Intravenous Catheter
		Selecting a Vein
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Intravenous Fluids
		Monitoring Intake and Output
		Types of Intravenous Fluids
		Infection Control
		Safety and the Rights of Intravenous Fluid Administration
		Intravenous Fluid Administration Sets
		Priming Administration Sets and Bubble Management
		Infusing Fluids
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Administering Intravenous Medications
		Orders for Intravenous Medications
		Nursing Responsibilities
		Medication Preparation and Equipment
		Complications of Intravenous Medication Administration
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 5 Administering a Blood Transfusion
		Different Types of Blood Components
		Types of Blood Transfusions
		ABO Compatibility System
		Safety Considerations
		Equipment Used for a Blood Transfusion
		Procedure for Administering a Blood Transfusion
		Possible Complications
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 13. Central Venous Access
		Caring for a Client With a CVAD
		Tunneled Catheters
		Nontunneled Catheters
		Implanted Ports
		Power-Injection Capable
		Assisting with Insertion
		Complications of CVADs
		Drawing Blood From a CVAD
		Care for a Client With a Subcutaneous Port: Accessing and Deaccessing
		Discontinuing a CVAD
		Critical Concepts and CVADs
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Infusing Fluids With a CVAD
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 14. Bowel Management
		Characteristics of Stool
		Section 1 Supporting Healthy Bowel Elimination
		Bowel Elimination Problems
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Administering Enemas
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Collecting Specimens
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Caring for a Client With a Bowel Diversion
		Care of the Stoma and Peristomal Skin
		Irrigating a Colostomy
		Cecostomy
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 15. Urine Elimination
		Urine Elimination
		Section 1 Collecting Urine Measurements and Specimens
		Assessing Production and Volume of Urine
		Collecting Specimens
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Urine Elimination With a Transurethral Catheter
		Types of Transurethral Catheters
		Infection Control With Urinary Catheters
		Communication and Urinary Catheters
		Providing Client-Centered Care to Specific Populations
		Bladder Irrigation
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Urine Elimination With a Urinary Diversion
		Suprapubic Catheter
		Urinary Diversions
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 16. Wound Care
		Section 1 Providing Wound Care
		Wound Types
		The Impact of Wounds
		Client Considerations
		Wound Assessment
		Wound Care
		Collecting Wound Specimens
		Managing Complex Wounds
		Dressing Selection and Application
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Managing Wound Drainage
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Preventing and Treating Pressure Injury and Venous and Diabetic Ulcers
		Pressure Injury
		Venous Ulcers
		Preventing Diabetic Ulcers
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 17. Perioperative Care
		Section 1 Providing Preoperative Education and Care
		Factors Affecting Surgical Risks
		Nursing History and Physical Examination
		Cultural Considerations
		Informed Consent
		Preoperative Teaching
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Providing Intraoperative Care
		Surgical Verification
		Client Positioning
		Maintaining Safety: Latex Sensitivity/Allergy
		Types of Anesthesia
		Preparing the Client’s Skin
		Closing the Wound
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Managing Postoperative Care
		Postoperative Assessment
		Postoperative Teaching
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
Unit 3. Advanced Nursing Skills
	Chapter 18. Advanced Respiratory Management
		Section 1 Caring for a Client With Invasive Mechanical Ventilation
		The Airway: Endotracheal Tubes
		Providing Mechanical Ventilation
		Nursing Care for Clients Who Are Receiving Mechanical Ventilation
		Reducing the Risk of Complications of Mechanical Ventilation
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Arterial Blood Gases
		Acid–Base Imbalances
		Section 2 Caring for a Client Who Requires Arterial Blood Gas Sampling
		Indwelling Arterial Catheter Sampling
		Arterial Puncture Sampling
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Caring for a Client With a Chest Tube
		Chest Drainage Systems
		Caring for the Client With a Chest Tube and Chest Drainage System
		Troubleshooting the Chest Tube and Drainage System
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 19. Advanced Cardiovascular Care
		Cardiovascular System
		Section 1 Caring for a Client on Cardiac Monitoring
		Cardiac Conduction System
		The ECG Tracing
		Equipment Used in ECG Monitoring
		Lead Placement for ECG Monitoring
		Types of ECG Monitoring
		Performing a 12-Lead ECG
		Possible Safety and Technical Issues with ECG Monitoring
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Caring for a Client With a Dysrhythmia or Altered Cardiac Conduction
		Dysrhythmias and Conduction Disorders
		Using Synchronized Cardioversion
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Caring for a Client With a Cardiac Pacemaker
		How a Pacemaker Works: Major Functions and Components
		Types of Pacemakers
		Temporary Pacemakers
		Permanent Pacemakers
		Possible Complications/Safety Issues With Pacemakers
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 4 Caring for a Client With a Cardiac Emergency
		Caring for a Client With Ischemic Chest Pain
		Emergency Cardiac Catheterization
		Providing Emergency Defibrillation
		Caring for a Client Who Is in Cardiac Arrest
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
	Chapter 20. Advanced Neurologic Care
		Intracranial Processes
		Major Neurologic Injuries: Traumatic and Nontraumatic
		Section 1 Advanced Neurologic Assessment
		Assessment of Level of Consciousness
		Assessment of Pupillary Response and Function
		Using a Pupillometer Device for Assessment of Pupils
		Assessment of Verbal Response and Function
		Assessment of Motor and Sensory Function
		Assessment of Deep Tendon Reflexes
		Lifespan Considerations
		Diagnostic Procedures
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 2 Caring for a Client With Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)
		Interventions for Clients With Increased ICP
		Caring for a Client With an External Ventricular Drain and Performing ICP Monitoring
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Section 3 Caring for a Client With a Neurologic Emergency
		Caring for a Client Who Is Having a Seizure
		Caring for a Client Who May Be Having an Acute Stroke
		Summary
		Application of the Nursing Process
		Concept Map
Illustration Credits
INDEX