Computer Graphics Programming in OpenGL with C++

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Preface
   Intended Audience
   How to Use This Book
   Acknowledgments
   About the Authors
Chapter 1 Getting Started
   1.1 Languages and Libraries
      1.1.1 C++
      1.1.2 OpenGL / GLSL
      1.1.3 Window Management
      1.1.4 Extension Library
      1.1.5 Math Library
      1.1.6 Texture Management
      1.1.7 Optional Libraries
   1.2 Installation and Configuration
Chapter 2 The OpenGL Pipeline
   2.1 The OpenGL Pipeline
      2.1.1 C++/OpenGL Application
      2.1.2 Vertex and Fragment Shaders
      2.1.3 Tessellation
      2.1.4 Geometry Shader
      2.1.5 Rasterization
      2.1.6 Fragment Shader
      2.1.7 Pixel Operations
   2.2 Detecting OpenGL and GLSL Errors
   2.3 Reading GLSL Source Code from Files
   2.4 Building Objects from Vertices
   2.5 Animating a Scene
   2.6 Organizing the C++ Code Files
Chapter 3 Mathematical Foundations
   3.1 3D Coordinate Systems
   3.2 Points
   3.3 Matrices
   3.4 Transformation Matrices
      3.4.1 Translation
      3.4.2 Scaling
      3.4.3 Rotation
   3.5 Vectors
      3.5.1 Uses for Dot Product
      3.5.2 Uses for Cross Product
   3.6 Local and World Space
   3.7 Eye Space and the Synthetic Camera
   3.8 Projection Matrices
      3.8.1 The Perspective Projection Matrix
      3.8.2 The Orthographic Projection Matrix
   3.9 Look-At Matrix
   3.10 GLSL Functions for Building Matrix Transforms
Chapter 4 Managing 3D Graphics Data
   4.1 Buffers and Vertex Attributes
   4.2 Uniform Variables
   4.3 Interpolation of Vertex Attributes
   4.4 Model-View and Perspective Matrices
   4.5 Our First 3D Program – a 3D Cube
   4.6 Rendering Multiple Copies of an Object
      4.6.1 Instancing
   4.7 Rendering Multiple Different Models in a Scene
   4.8 Matrix Stacks
   4.9 Combating “Z-Fighting” Artifacts
   4.10 Other Options for Primitives
   4.11 Coding for Performance
      4.11.1 Minimizing Dynamic Memory Allocation
      4.11.2 Pre-Computing the Perspective Matrix
      4.11.3 Back-Face Culling
Chapter 5 Texture Mapping
   5.1 Loading Texture Image Files
   5.2 Texture Coordinates
   5.3 Creating a Texture Object
   5.4 Constructing Texture Coordinates
   5.5 Loading Texture Coordinates into Buffers
   5.6 Using the Texture in a Shader: Sampler Variables and Texture Units
   5.7 Texture Mapping: Example Program
   5.8 Mipmapping
   5.9 Anisotropic Filtering
   5.10 Wrapping and Tiling
   5.11 Perspective Distortion
   5.12 Textures – Additional OpenGL Details
Chapter 6 3D Models
   6.1 Procedural Models – Building a Sphere
   6.2 OpenGL Indexing – Building a Torus
      6.2.1 The Torus
      6.2.2 Indexing in OpenGL
   6.3 Loading Externally Produced Models
Chapter 7 Lighting
   7.1 Lighting Models
   7.2 Lights
   7.3 Materials
   7.4 ADS Lighting Computations
   7.5 Implementing ADS Lighting
      7.5.1 Gouraud Shading
      7.5.2 Phong Shading
   7.6 Combining Lighting and Textures
Chapter 8 Shadows
   8.1 The Importance of Shadows
   8.2 Projective Shadows
   8.3 Shadow Volumes
   8.4 Shadow Mapping
      8.4.1 Shadow Mapping (PASS ONE) – “Draw” Objects from Light Position
      8.4.2 Shadow Mapping (Intermediate Step) – Copying the Z-Buffer to a Texture
      8.4.3 Shadow Mapping (PASS TWO) – Rendering the Scene with Shadows
   8.5 A Shadow Mapping Example
   8.6 Shadow Mapping Artifacts
   8.7 Soft Shadows
      8.7.1 Soft Shadows in the Real World
      8.7.2 Generating Soft Shadows – Percentage Closer Filtering (PCF)
      8.7.3 A Soft Shadow/PCF Program
Chapter 9 Sky and Backgrounds
   9.1 Skyboxes
   9.2 Skydomes
   9.3 Implementing a Skybox
      9.3.1 Building a Skybox from Scratch
      9.3.2 Using OpenGL Cube Maps
   9.4 Environment Mapping
Chapter 10 Enhancing Surface Detail
   10.1 Bump Mapping
   10.2 Normal Mapping
   10.3 Height Mapping
Chapter 11 Parametric Surfaces
   11.1 Quadratic Bézier Curves
   11.2 Cubic Bézier Curves
   11.3 Quadratic Bézier Surfaces
   11.4 Cubic Bézier Surfaces
Chapter 12 Tessellation
   12.1 Tessellation in OpenGL
   12.2 Tessellation for Bézier Surfaces
   12.3 Tessellation for Terrain / Height Maps
   12.4 Controlling Level of Detail (LOD)
Chapter 13 Geometry Shaders
   13.1 Per-Primitive Processing in OpenGL
   13.2 Altering Primitives
   13.3 Deleting Primitives
   13.4 Adding Primitives
   13.5 Changing Primitive Types
Chapter 14 Other Techniques
   14.1 Fog
   14.2 Compositing / Blending / Transparency
   14.3 User-Defined Clipping Planes
   14.4 3D Textures
   14.5 Noise
   14.6 Noise Application – Marble
   14.7 Noise Application – Wood
   14.8 Noise Application – Clouds
   14.9 Noise Application – Special Effects
Chapter 15 Simulating Water
   15.1 Pool Surface and Floor Geometry Setup
   15.2 Adding Surface Reflection and Refraction
   15.3 Adding Surface Waves
   15.4 Additional Corrections
   15.5 Animating the Water Movement
   15.6 Underwater Caustics
Chapter 16 Ray Tracing and Compute Shaders
   16.1 Compute Shaders
      16.1.1 Compiling and Using Compute Shaders
      16.1.2 Parallel Computing in Compute Shaders
      16.1.3 Work Groups
      16.1.4 Work Group Details
      16.1.5 Work Group Limitations
   16.2 Ray Casting
      16.2.1 Defining the 2D Texture Image
      16.2.2 Building and Displaying the Ray Cast Image
      16.2.3 Ray-Sphere Intersection
      16.2.4 Axis-Aligned Ray-Box Intersection
      16.2.5 Output of Simple Ray Casting Without Lighting
      16.2.6 Adding ADS Lighting
      16.2.7 Adding Shadows
      16.2.8 Non-Axis-Aligned Ray-Box Intersection
      16.2.9 Determining Texture Coordinates
      16.2.10 Plane Intersection and Procedural Textures
   16.3 Ray Tracing
      16.3.1 Reflection
      16.3.2 Refraction
      16.3.3 Combining Reflection, Refraction, and Textures
      16.3.4 Increasing the Number of Rays
      16.3.5 Generalizing the Solution
      16.3.6 Additional Examples
      16.3.7 Blending Colors for Transparent Objects
Chapter 17 Ray Tracing of Complex Models
   17.1 Ray-Triangle Intersection
      17.1.1 Mathematics for Ray-Triangle Intersection
      17.1.2 Implementing Ray-Triangle Intersection
      17.1.3 Ray Tracing Multiple Triangles
   17.2 Ray Tracing an OBJ Model
      17.2.1 OBJ Loading for Ray Tracing C++ side
      17.2.2 OBJ Loading for Ray Tracing GLSL side
   17.3 Ray Tracing Multiple OBJ Models
   17.4 Bounding Volume Hierarchies (BVH)
      17.4.1 Implementing a BVH – C++ Side
      17.4.2 Transferring the BVH to the Compute Shader
      17.4.3 Ray-BVH Collision Testing
      17.4.4 Performance Comparison
Chapter 18 Stereoscopy for 3D Glasses and VR Headsets
   18.1 View and Projection Matrices for Two Eyes
   18.2 Anaglyph Rendering
   18.3 Side-by-Side Rendering
   18.4 Correcting Lens Distortion in Headsets
   18.5 A Simple Testing Hardware Configuration
Appendix A Installation and Setup for PC (Windows)
Appendix B Installation and Setup for Macintosh
Appendix C Using the Nsight Graphics Debugger
Appendix D Building a Simple Camera Controller
Index