Compulsive eating behavior and food addiction: emerging pathological constructs

Cover......Page 1
Compulsive Eating Behavior and Food Addiction: Emerging Pathological Constructs......Page 2
Copyright......Page 3
Contributors......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
 Introduction......Page 11
 “Food addiction” in the 1950s......Page 12
 Varying themes in the second half of the 20th century......Page 14
 Increased popularity in the 21st century......Page 16
 Current developments......Page 17
 References......Page 18
15. Food addiction and its associations to trauma, severity of illness, and comorbidity......Page 24
 Early approaches to identifying food addiction......Page 25
 Yale Food Addiction Scale......Page 26
 Modified original YFAS......Page 30
 Children's Yale Food Addiction Scale......Page 31
 Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0......Page 33
 Modified YFAS 2.0......Page 35
 YFAS 2.0 for children......Page 36
 Alternative model: eating addiction......Page 39
 Next steps in the assessment of food addiction......Page 41
 References......Page 42
 The role of dopaminergic and opioid pathways in drug and food reward......Page 49
 The prevalence and significance of compulsive eating......Page 50
 Food addiction as a disorder of compulsive eating......Page 52
 Dissecting compulsive eating behavior into three elements......Page 53
   Incentive salience......Page 54
   Clinical evidence of habitual eating......Page 55
   Preclinical evidence of habitual eating......Page 56
   Neurobiological basis of habitual overeating......Page 57
  Emergence of a negative affect......Page 58
   Clinical evidence of overeating to relieve a negative emotional state......Page 59
   Preclinical evidence of overeating to relieve a negative emotional state......Page 61
   Neurobiological basis of overeating to relieve a negative emotional state: increased stress......Page 62
  Failure of inhibitory control......Page 64
   Preclinical evidence of overeating despite negative consequences......Page 65
   Neurobiological basis of overeating despite negative consequences......Page 66
 Discussion......Page 68
 Summary......Page 69
 References......Page 71
 Food addiction controversies......Page 90
  Reduced sensitivity to outcome devaluation in compulsive eating......Page 91
  Dopamine genes and functional polymorphisms......Page 93
 Conditioned learning and habit formation......Page 94
 Neurobiological habit systems......Page 95
 Potential interactions of habit with other elements of compulsive eating......Page 97
 Summary and conclusions......Page 98
 References......Page 99
5. Reward deficits in compulsive eating......Page 103
 Food and brain reward systems......Page 104
 Family and twin studies......Page 105
 Effects of cocaine on brain reward function......Page 107
 Stress and negative emotional state......Page 264
 Effects of hunger on brain reward function......Page 109
 Effects of weight gain on brain reward function......Page 110
 Striatal D2 dopamine receptor signaling and brain reward deficits in obesity......Page 111
 References......Page 112
 References......Page 113
13. Sex and gender differences in compulsive overeating......Page 120
 Overeating......Page 122
 Empirical research on self-regulation and food addiction......Page 125
  Incentive sensitization theory......Page 126
  Clinical findings in compulsive tobacco use......Page 127
 Conceptual extension to compulsive eating......Page 128
  Yale Food Addiction Scale studies......Page 131
  Negative emotional states and psychiatric comorbidity in binge eating and obesity......Page 133
  Negative emotional states increase palatable food intake in vulnerable populations......Page 134
  Inhibitory influence of palatable food on negative mood......Page 135
  Negative affective symptoms during abstinence from palatable food......Page 137
  Within-system neuroadaptations......Page 139
  Between-system neuroadaptations......Page 142
  Negative withdrawal-like states after cessation of palatable food access......Page 143
  Food reward tolerance......Page 147
  Individual differences in vulnerability......Page 148
  Stress-induced food-seeking and intake......Page 149
  Negative urgency and compulsive eating......Page 150
  Striatal reward processing in BED......Page 234
 References......Page 154
 Introduction......Page 421
 Brief introduction to food addiction......Page 198
 Definitions of impulsivity and self-regulation......Page 202
  Impulsive choice......Page 203
  Impulsive action......Page 206
  Impulsive personality traits......Page 207
 Summary and conclusions......Page 211
8. Reward processing in food addiction and overeating......Page 222
 Introduction......Page 255
  Food reward......Page 224
  Interactions between homeostatic and reward-related mechanisms......Page 225
 Conditions associated with overeating or compulsive behavior toward food......Page 227
 Reward processing in food addiction......Page 229
 Gene–gene and gene–environment interactions......Page 312
  Striatal reward processing in overweight/obesity......Page 230
  Prefrontal and OFC reward processing in overweight/obesity......Page 232
  Prefrontal and OFC reward processing in BED......Page 236
 Reward processing in Prader–Willi syndrome......Page 239
 Comorbidities and addiction transfer......Page 240
 General discussion......Page 242
 Further reading......Page 254
 Introduction......Page 296
 Homeostatic regulation of food intake......Page 257
 Food palatability and motivation......Page 258
 Binge eating and impaired executive functions......Page 266
  Cholecystokinin......Page 269
  Glucagon-like peptide 1......Page 270
  Leptin......Page 271
  Ghrelin......Page 273
 Compulsive overeating and substance-use disorders......Page 275
 Conclusion......Page 277
 References......Page 278
  Genetic influences and methodological considerations......Page 299
 Candidate gene studies......Page 304
  Oxytocin, opiates, and overeating......Page 307
  Serotonin (5-HT) and appetite......Page 308
  Controversies in food addiction and implications for policy and regulatory efforts......Page 309
 Genome-wide association studies......Page 310
 Epigenetics......Page 314
  Epigenetics and obesity......Page 315
 Summary and conclusions......Page 318
 References......Page 319
 Further reading......Page 330
11. Neuroimaging of compulsive disorders: similarities of food addiction with drug addiction......Page 331
 Effects of drugs of abuse and food intake on opioid release......Page 333
 Conclusions......Page 334
 Effects of chronic substance misuse and overconsumption of high-calorie food intake on changes in the brain's reward circuitry......Page 336
 Foods associated with addictive-like eating......Page 337
 Food addiction, obesity, and medical morbidity and mortality......Page 339
 Bulimia nervosa......Page 396
  Reward surfeit theory......Page 340
  Reward deficit model......Page 342
  Inhibitory control deficit theory......Page 343
  Emotion dysregulation theory......Page 344
 Conclusions and future directions......Page 345
 References......Page 346
 Introduction......Page 361
  Tests of compulsive eating behavior......Page 362
   Outcome-specific satiety......Page 363
   Sucrose consumption test......Page 365
   Hypophagia of food with lower palatability......Page 366
   Intracranial self-stimulation......Page 367
   Tail suspension test......Page 368
   Elevated plus maze......Page 369
   Defensive withdrawal......Page 370
   Marble burying test......Page 371
   Light/dark conflict test......Page 372
   Punishment-induced suppression of intake......Page 373
  Modeling compulsive eating......Page 374
   Schedule of access to palatable food......Page 375
   Stress......Page 377
   Genes and phenotypes......Page 378
  Discussion......Page 379
 Obesity......Page 391
 Disordered eating......Page 392
 Grazing......Page 393
 Emotional eating......Page 394
 References......Page 462
 Sex differences in the BED diagnostic criteria......Page 399
 Sex differences in biopsychosocial/sociocultural factors......Page 400
 Genetics......Page 402
 Animal models......Page 403
 Human studies......Page 404
 Treatment outcome......Page 406
 Summary and conclusions......Page 407
 References......Page 409
  Controversies in food addiction diagnosis......Page 422
  Controversies surrounding the existence of food addiction and its categorization......Page 426
   Food addiction, obesity, and eating disorders......Page 429
   Food addiction and other addictions......Page 431
   Food addiction in children and adolescents......Page 432
  Controversies in treatment options for food addiction......Page 433
   Food taxes and food availability......Page 437
   Food advertising restrictions......Page 438
   Labeling and health and nutritional education......Page 439
   Cultural and socioeconomic considerations related to food addiction......Page 440
 References......Page 442
 The concept of food addiction......Page 451
 Food addiction and its links to eating disorder and obesity severity......Page 452
 Food addiction and its links to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder......Page 454
 Food addiction and psychiatric comorbidity......Page 456
 Implications for treatment......Page 460
 Summary......Page 461
 C......Page 471
 D......Page 472
 F......Page 473
 I......Page 474
 N......Page 475
 R......Page 476
 Y......Page 477
Back Cover......Page 478