Comprehensive two dimensional gas chromatography, Volume 55 (Comprehensive Analytical Chemistry)

Cover Page
......Page 1
ADVISORY BOARD......Page 2
Title Page
......Page 3
Copyright Page
......Page 4
Contributors to Voume 55
......Page 6
Volumes in the series......Page 9
Introduction......Page 12
Basic Concepts of Multidimensionality......Page 13
2D GC: From MDGC to GCtimesGC......Page 14
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography: GCtimesGC......Page 17
References......Page 23
The GCtimesGC Technique......Page 24
The orthogonality principle......Page 29
GC column dimensions......Page 32
Stationary phases......Page 33
Modulators......Page 35
Heating modulators......Page 36
Longitudinal Modulated Cryogenic System (LMCS)......Page 38
The dual-stage liquid CO2 cryogenic modulator......Page 39
The quad-jet dual-stage modulator......Page 40
Valve-based modulators......Page 43
Flame-ionization and element selective detectors......Page 45
Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (ToF MS)......Page 47
Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (qMS)......Page 51
Conclusions......Page 52
References......Page 53
Introduction......Page 58
Nomenclature......Page 59
Retention time......Page 61
The retention index concept in GC and in GCtimesGC......Page 62
Determination of retention indices in GCtimesGC......Page 64
Estimation of retention parameters......Page 66
Estimation of the retention of a compound from its structural properties......Page 67
Dependence of the retention with chromatographic conditions......Page 68
Holdup time......Page 71
Peak width......Page 72
Resolution......Page 73
Peak capacity......Page 74
Orthogonality......Page 76
Measuring orthogonality......Page 77
Chromatographic structure......Page 80
Final Remarks......Page 83
References......Page 84
Introduction......Page 86
Modulation and sampling......Page 88
Digitization and coding......Page 89
File formats......Page 90
Colorization......Page 91
Qualitative analysis......Page 93
Three-dimensional visualizations......Page 94
Text and tabular visualizations......Page 95
Graphical overlays and annotations......Page 96
Phase correction......Page 98
Baseline correction......Page 99
Peak detection......Page 101
Chemical identification by retention time......Page 104
Multivariate methods for chemical identification......Page 106
Smart Templates......Page 108
Quantification......Page 109
Sample comparison, classification, and recognition......Page 111
Conclusion......Page 113
References......Page 114
Introduction......Page 116
Retention Calculation and Prediction, and Separation Optimization......Page 117
Peak Finding......Page 118
Deconvolution (Mathematical Resolution)......Page 120
Classification, Feature Selection, Data Mining, and Prediction......Page 125
References......Page 130
Introduction......Page 132
Separations in space and in time......Page 134
Considerations on analysis time......Page 135
Operational approaches towards LCtimesGCtimesGC and LC-GCtimesGC......Page 138
Hardware solutions for LCtimesGCtimesGC and LC-GCtimesGC......Page 142
Additional dimensions prior to GCtimesGC......Page 144
Coarse prefractionation methods......Page 145
LC dimensions for GCtimesGC......Page 146
References......Page 153
Introduction......Page 155
Sample Dimensionality......Page 156
Group-Type Separation......Page 157
Quantification......Page 167
Piona Analyses......Page 170
References......Page 171
Introduction......Page 173
Sources and fate of organic compounds in atmosphere......Page 176
State of the Art......Page 177
Air and VOCs......Page 178
Particle phase......Page 181
In situ analyses......Page 188
Identification procedures......Page 190
References......Page 193
Introduction......Page 195
Applications and Chromatographic Conditions......Page 196
Mass Spectometric Detection......Page 203
Use of Retention Indices in GCtimesGC Analysis of Essential Oils and Fragrance Compounds......Page 206
Cosmetics, Fragrances, and Allergens......Page 208
Analysis of Chiral Compounds......Page 210
Future Trends......Page 216
References......Page 218
Introduction......Page 220
Food lipids......Page 223
Miscellaneous food flavour applications......Page 235
Combination of Liquid and Gas Separation Dimensions in Comprehensive Chromatographic Food Analysis......Page 243
Conclusions......Page 244
References......Page 245
Introduction......Page 247
Aromatic organohalogenated pollutants......Page 248
Nonaromatic organohalogenated pollutants......Page 263
Group-type analysis......Page 267
Pesticides......Page 270
Other organic pollutants......Page 276
Analysis of Chiral Pollutants......Page 278
Conclusions......Page 281
References......Page 282
Introduction......Page 285
Peak Tailing......Page 286
Analyte degradation in the injector and in the 1D column......Page 287
Overload......Page 290
Programmed temperature separations......Page 292
Wraparound......Page 294
Modulation process......Page 296
Incomplete trapping or release of analytes in thermal modulators......Page 298
References......Page 300
Subject Index......Page 301