Comprehensive Healthcare Simulation: Mobile Medical Simulation

Preface
	References
Contents
Contributors
	Editors
	Authors
Part I: Mobile Simulation Program Development
	1: Staff and Equipment
		Find Your Humans
			Recruiting
		Where Are Your Humans?
			Interviewing
		Train Your Team
			Large Cohort Academy
			Continuing Education and Quality Improvement
			Retention
			Succession Planning
		Summary
		References
	2: Marketing and Finances
		Introduction
		Advertising Audience
		How to Advertise
		Resources Needed
		Potential Funding Sources
		Operational Costs
		References and Resources
	3: Designing a Mobile Simulation Program
		References
			Additional Resources
	4: Assessment in Simulation
		Definition of Terms
		Learner Assessment
		Event Assessment
		Formative Assessment
		Summative Assessment
		Validity in Assessment
		Reliability in Assessment
		Checklists
		Rubric/Global Rating Scales
		Likert Scale
		Satisfaction Surveys
		Self-Assessment
		Peer Assessments or Reviews
		Live Evaluations/Video Playback Evaluations
		Feedback/Debriefing
		Quality Assurance
		References
			Additional Resources
			Journals
			Books
	5: Program Evaluation
		Introduction
		Why Perform Program Evaluation?
		Existing Models/Framework
		Circle of Program Evaluation Adapted for Simulation Programs
		Context
		Stakeholders
		Goals and Objectives
		Gather Data
			Scope and Volume Data
			Operations Data
			Learner and Patient Data
			Validity
			Data Collection: Logistical Considerations
			Quantitative vs. Qualitative Data
		Data Analysis
			Attribution
			Conflict of Interest
			Outliers
		Suggest Program Revisions
			Confidentiality/Sensitivity of Data
		Conclusions/Recommendations
		References
	6: Mobile Simulation Logistics
		Logistics of Simulation
			Case Information Guide
			Class Preparation Guide
			Large-Scale Simulation
			Scheduling
			Learner Orientation
			Have a Back Up
			Test Your Simulator in the Environment You Will Be Working In
		Suggested Reading
	7: Special Cases
		Introduction
		Acquisition of New Skills
		Skill Maintenance
		Technical Skills in Rural Practices
		Learning New Systems or Incorporation of New Equipment
		Life Support Training Uses
		Financial Implications
		Interprofessional Simulation
		In Situ Training
		Shared Mental Models
		Debrief
		Future Directions
		Conclusions
		References
	8: Recording/Feedback/Debriefing
		Introduction
		Moving the Simulation Experience into Debriefing
		Selecting a Recording System that Fits Your Needs
		Integrating a Recording into the Debriefing Session
		References
	9: Research in Mobile Simulation
		Introduction
		Background
		Methods
		Results
			mSBE Learning Areas
			mSBE Learning Outcomes
			Participant Satisfaction
			Participation Levels
			Financial Outcomes
			Resource Utilization
				Simulators
				Staffing
				Mobile Simulation Unit
		Conclusions
		Areas for Future Research
		Training Delivery
		Cost
			Utilization
			Research Tools
		Comparative Evidence
		Appendix: Research in Mobile Simulation: Research Protocol Used
			Contributions
				Sources
				Sponsor
				Role of Sponsor or Funder
			Introduction
				Rationale
				Objectives
			Methods
				Eligibility Criteria (PICO, Population-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome)
				Information Sources
				Search Strategy
				Study Records
					Data Management
					Selection Process
					Data Collection Process
			Data Items
			Outcomes and Prioritization
			Risk of Bias in Individual Studies
			Data Synthesis
			Meta-analysis
			Confidence in Cumulative Evidence
		References
	10: Do’s and Don’ts: Tips and Tricks Learned from Experience in Designing Mobile Simulation Programs
		Introduction
			Suggestions for Mobile Simulation in General
			In Situ Simulation
			Mobile Simulation Incorporating Simulated Patients (SPs)
			Mobile Simulation Incorporating Unannounced Simulated Patients (USPs)
			Mobile Simulation Utilizing Video Calls
			Mobile Simulation Outside
		Conclusions/Recommendations
		Reference
Part II: Training and Teaching in a Mobile Simulation Program
	11: Mobile Simulation Training and Teaching Overview
		Advantages of Mobile Simulation Training
		Mobile Simulation Caveats
		Drawbacks of Mobile Simulation Training
		Skills and Programs Which Work Well with Mobile Simulation
		Examples of Successful Mobile Simulation Models
		University of Missouri Mobile Simulation Unit
		Suggested Readings
	12: Mobile Simulation Lab Staffing
		Roles/Positions
			Medical Director
			Simulation Director
			Simulation Curriculum Designer
			Simulation Operations Specialist
			Simulation Technician(s)
			Instructional Designers
			Standardized Patient Coordinator
			Standardized Patients (SPs)
			Subject Matter Experts
			Evaluators/Assessors
			Feedback Coordinator
			Scheduling Coordinator
		References
	13: Educational Strategies for Mobile Simulation Units
		Adult Learning Theory
		Preparing for the Adult Learner
			Learner Needs
			Learner Motivation
			Learner Self-Direction
		Task-Oriented Opportunities
			Mistakes as a Learning Tool
			Classroom Management
		References
			Suggested Readings
	14: Scenario Design
		Introduction
		Background/Theory
		Educationally Sound Design Principles
		Design Templates
		Needs Assessment
		Learning Objectives
		Goals: Formative Versus Summative
		Assessment Tools
		Participants and Interprofessional Simulation
		Prebriefing
		Timeline of Events and Storyboards
		Programming Versus On-The-Fly
		Fidelity and Realism
		Video Recording
		Debriefing
		Validation, Reliability, and Trial Runs
		Ethical Concerns
		Conclusions
		References
	15: Session Debriefing and Use of Recording
		Types, Components, and Standards of Effective Debriefing
		Instructor-Specific Opportunities During Debriefings in Mobile Simulation
		Site-Specific Challenges with Debriefings in Mobile Simulation
		Learner-Specific Challenges with Debriefings in Mobile Simulation
		Audiovisual Recording of Simulation
		Benefits of Audiovisual Recording in Mobile Simulation
		Drawbacks to Audiovisual Recording in Mobile Simulation
		References
	16: Mobile Simulation Unit Models, Facilities, and Logistics
		Introduction
		Background
		What Is the Biggest Benefit of Having a Mobile Simulation Unit vs. a Brick and Mortar?
		What Is the Biggest Issue With Your Unit?
		Education
		How Was Your Mobile Unit Funded?
		From a Training Standpoint, What Would You Have Done Differently If You Could Rebuild Your Mobile Unit?
		Staffing a Mobile Simulation Unit
		Cost of the Mobile Program
		Conclusions/Recommendations
		Appendix 16.1
		Appendix 16.2
		Appendix 16.3
		Appendix 16.4
		Appendix 16.5
		Appendix 16.6
		References
	17: Needs Assessment
		Introduction
		Background
			Definition
			Purpose
		Needs Assessment in Mobile Simulation
		Importance of Performing a Needs Assessment
		Rapid Needs Assessment
		Application of a Three-Phase Needs Assessment Model in Simulation
			Phase 1: Assessment Planning
			Phase 2: Data Management
			Phase 3: Applying the Findings
		Conclusions and Recommendations
		References
			Suggested Readings
	18: Scenario Development
		Needs Assessment
		Learning Objectives
			Modality
		Planning/Checklists
		Roles
		Creating the Scenario
		Debriefing
		Assessment
		References
			Suggested Readings
	19: Education Methods
		Introduction
		Standardized Patients
		Web-Based Computer Simulators
		Manikin Simulator
			Unique Considerations
			Neurologic
			Cardiovascular
			Respiratory
			Extremities
		Virtual Reality, Virtual Environments, and Haptic Simulation
		Conclusion
		References
	20: How to Prepare for a Simulation Session (Instructor and Learner)
		Introduction
		Uniqueness of Mobile Simulation
		Administrative Preparation
			Personnel
			Intake Information
			Request
			Learners and Objectives
			Continuing Education Credits
		Instructor Preparation
			The Instructor Portfolio
			The Dry Run
			The Day of the Event
		Learner Preparation
			Schedule
			Pre-course Materials
			Suspension of Disbelief
			Psychological Safety
		Summary
		References
	21: Instructor Development/Qualifications
		Introduction
		What Is a Simulation Instructor?
		Standards, Accreditation, and Organization Recommendations
			International Nursing Association for Clinical Simulation and Learning (INACSL)
			Society for Simulation in Healthcare
			Association for Simulated Practice in Healthcare
			Association of Standardized Patient Educators
			The National Council of State Boards of Nursing
		Key Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes Leading to Success
			Theoretical Foundations for Simulation Instructors
		Instructor Development Opportunities
		Evaluating Instructor Competency
			Certification
			Evaluation Tools
		Considerations for Instructor Development and Qualifications in the Mobile Environment
		Conclusions and Recommendations
		References
	22: Pre/Post Session Measurement
		Fictional Case Example
		Reference
	23: In Situ Simulation
		Introduction
		In Situ Simulation vs. Off-Site Simulation
		Resources
		Equipment
		Space
		Personnel
		Time
		Objectives
		Cost
		Perception/Realism
		Challenges to In Situ Simulation
		Personnel
		Data Collection and Recording
		Legal and Privacy
		Cultural Resistance
		Getting Started
		Establishing Teams
		Safety
		Pre-Brief and Debrief
		Conclusion
		References
Index