Comprehensive coordination chemistry. Applications

Volume 6: Applications......Page 4
Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 8
Contributors to Volume 6......Page 10
Contents of All Volumes......Page 12
57.2 ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS......Page 16
57.3 COORDINATION COMPOUNDS AND ELECTRODE PHENOMENA: SURFACE MODIFIED ELECTRODES......Page 30
57.5 REFERENCES......Page 46
58.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 50
58.2 METAL COMPLEXES OF AZO COMPOUNDS......Page 55
58.3 METAL COMPLEX FORMAZANS......Page 92
58.4 METAL COMPLEX AZOMETHINES......Page 98
58.5 METAL COMPLEXES OF o-HYDROXYNITROSO COMPOUNDS......Page 99
58.6 METAL COMPLEXES OF HYDROXYANTHRAQUINONES......Page 101
58.7 MACROCYCLIC METAL COMPLEXES......Page 102
58.8 REFERENCES......Page 106
59.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 110
59.2 CONVENTIONAL SILVER HALIDE-BASED PHOTOGRAPHY......Page 111
59.3 PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND OTHER IMAGE AMPLIFICATION SYSTEMS......Page 128
59.4 PHOTOTHERMOGRAPHY......Page 133
59.5 THERMOGRAPHY......Page 136
59.6 ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY......Page 137
59.7 MISCELLANEOUS USES......Page 139
59.8 REFERENCES......Page 142
60.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 148
60.2 KROGMANN SALTS......Page 151
60.3 NEUTRAL COMPLEXES AND DERIVATIVES......Page 158
60.4 METAL DITHIOLENE COMPLEXES......Page 162
60.5 MIXED VALENCE COMPLEXES......Page 164
60.6 MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS......Page 165
60.7 REFERENCES......Page 167
61.1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 170
61.1.2 SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF IMINE CHELATES......Page 171
61.1.3 SYNTHESIS AND SOME REACTIONS OF PHTHALOCYANINE, PORPHINOID AND CORRINOID MACROCYCLES......Page 207
61.1.4 REACTIONS OF COORDINATED CARBONYL COMPOUNDS......Page 217
61.1.5 REFERENCES......Page 236
61.2 Catalytic Activation of Small Molecules......Page 244
61.2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 245
61.2.2 HYDROGENATION......Page 246
61.2.3 ASYMMETRIC HYDROGENATION......Page 265
61.2.4 HYDROFORMYLATION......Page 273
61.2.5 CARBONYLATION......Page 282
61.2.6 CARBON DIOXIDE......Page 308
61.2.7 HYDROGEN CYANIDE......Page 311
61.2.8 ETHYLENE, PROPYLENE, ACETYLENE AND PROPYNE......Page 313
61.2.9 OTHER SMALL MOLECULES......Page 318
61.2.10 REFERENCES......Page 322
61.3 Metal Complexes in Oxidation......Page 332
61.3.1 GENERAL CONSlDERATIONS......Page 333
61.3.2 METAL PEROXIDES IN OXIDATION......Page 345
61.3.3 METAL-OXO COMPLEXES IN OXIDATION......Page 365
61.3.4 OXIDATION BY NUCLEOPHILIC ATTACK AT HYDROCARBON SUBSTRATES COORDINATED TO PALLADIUM......Page 376
61.3.5 OXIDATION BY COORDINATED NITRO LIGANDS......Page 387
61.3.6 CATALYSIS BY FIRST-ROW TRANSITION METAL COMPLEXES (Mn, Fe, Co, Cu)......Page 389
61.3.7 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 410
61.3.8 ADDENDUM......Page 411
61.3.9 REFERENCES......Page 415
61.4 Lewis Acid Catalysis and the Reactions of Coordinated Ligands......Page 426
61.4.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 427
61.4.2 THE HYDROLYSIS OF AMINO ESTERS, AMIDES AND PEPTIDES......Page 429
61.4.3 HYDROLYSIS OF CARBOXYLIC ESTERS AND AMIDES......Page 452
61.4.4 HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHATE ESTERS......Page 458
61.4.5 REACTIONS OF COORDINATED NITRILES......Page 464
61.4.6 DECARBOXYLATION OF beta-OXO ACIDS......Page 468
61.4.7 ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS......Page 471
61.4.8 FORMATION OF IMINES......Page 473
61.4.9 IMINE HYDROLYSIS......Page 475
61.4.10 LACTAM HYDROLYSIS: PENICILLINS, CEPHALOSPORINS......Page 476
61.4.11 HYDROLYSIS OF ANHYDRIDES......Page 478
61.4.12 HYDROLYSIS OF GLYCOSIDES, ACETALS AND THIOACETALS......Page 479
61.4.14 REACTIONS OF COORDINATED AMINO ACIDS......Page 481
61.4.15 AMINO ACID SYNTHESIS AND ALDOL CONDENSATIONS......Page 483
61.4.16 ESTER EXCHANGE REACTIONS......Page 484
61.4.18 UREA HYDROLYSIS......Page 485
61.4.19 ACYL TRANSFER REACTIONS......Page 486
61.4.20 ENOLIZATION......Page 488
61.4.21 CARBONYL GROUP HYDRATION......Page 489
61.4.23 METAL ION-PROMOTED REACTIONS OF ALKENES......Page 490
61.4.24 ISOMERIZATION AND CHELATE RING OPENING......Page 492
61.4.25 REFERENCES......Page 493
61.5 Decomposition of Water into its Elements......Page 502
61.5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 503
61.5.2 WATER CLEAVAGE USING SIMPLE METAL SALTS AS CATALYSTS......Page 508
61.5.3 WATER CLEAVAGE USING METAL COMPLEXES AS CATALYSTS......Page 510
61.5.4 INTERMOLECULAR ELECTRON TRANSFER REACTIONS IN THE PHOTOCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF WATER......Page 513
61.5.5 PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL DECOMPOSITION OF WATER......Page 545
61.5.6 COORDINATION COMPLEXES AS CATALYSTS FOR THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION OF HYDROGEN OR OXYGEN FROM WATER......Page 547
61.5.7 REFERENCES......Page 549
62.1 Coordination Compounds in Biology......Page 556
62.1.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 560
62.1.2 SODIUM AND POTASSIUM......Page 566
62.1.3 MAGNESIUM, MANGANESE AND CALCIUM......Page 577
62.1.4 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF ZINC......Page 613
62.1.5 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF IRON - A SURVEY OF IRON-CONTAINING ACTIVE SITES......Page 629
62.1.6 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF COBALT......Page 652
62.1.7 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF NICKEL......Page 658
62.1.8 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF COPPER......Page 663
62.1.9 THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF MOLYBDENUM......Page 671
62.1.10 VANADIUM, CHROMIUM AND OTHER ELEMENTS......Page 680
62.1.11 THE TRANSPORT AND STORAGE OF TRANSITION METALS AND ZINC......Page 682
62.1.12 DIOXYGEN IN BIOLOGY......Page 696
62.1.13 ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS......Page 726
62.1.14 THE NITROGEN CYCLE......Page 732
62.1.15 TRANSITION METAL IONS AND ANTIBIOTICS......Page 743
62.1.16 REFERENCES......Page 745
62.2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 770
62.2.2 THERAPEUTIC USES OF COORDINATION COMPLEXES......Page 771
62.2.3 THERAPEUTIC USES OF LIGANDS WHICH FORM COORDINATION COMPLEXES......Page 782
62.2.4 COMPOUNDS WHOSE INTERACTIONS IN VIVO ARE UNKNOWN......Page 786
62.2.5 STEREOSELECTIVE ACTIONS OF DRUGS......Page 789
62.2.7 GLOSSARY......Page 791
62.2.8 REFERENCES......Page 792
63.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 794
63.2 MINERAL PROCESSING......Page 795
63.3 HYDROMETALLURGY......Page 798
63.4 PYROMETALLURGY......Page 847
63.5 REFERENCES......Page 850
64.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 858
64.2 MINERALS......Page 859
64.3 INORGANIC COMPLEXES IN SOLUTION......Page 865
64.4 GASEOUS TRANSPORT AND SILICATE MELTS......Page 869
64.5 COORDINATION GEOCHEMISTRY OF COMPLEXES OF ORGANIC LIGANDS......Page 871
64.6 PREBIOTIC SYSTEMS......Page 885
64.7 REFERENCES......Page 888
65.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 896
65.2 THE NUCLEAR FUEL CYCLE......Page 898
65.3 PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS OF RADIONUCLIDES......Page 978
65.4 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS......Page 1011
65.5 REFERENCES......Page 1012
66.1 TITANIUM, ZIRCONIUM AND HAFNIUM......Page 1026
66.2 VANADIUM, NIOBIUM AND TANTALUM......Page 1028
66.3 CHROMIUM, MOLYBDENUM AND TUNGSTEN......Page 1029
66.4 MANGANESE, TECHNETIUM AND RHENIUM......Page 1031
66.5 IRON, RUTHENIUM AND OSMIUM......Page 1032
66.6 COBALT, RHODIUM AND IRIDIUM......Page 1033
66.7 NICKEL, PALLADIUM AND PLATINUM......Page 1035
66.8 COPPER, SILVER AND GOLD......Page 1037
66.9 ZINC, CADMIUM AND MERCURY......Page 1039
66.10 SCANDIUM, YlTRIUM, LANTHANIDES AND ACTINIDES......Page 1041
66.11 REFERENCES......Page 1042
Subject Index......Page 1046
Formula Index......Page 1094