Composition, Structure and Dynamics of the Lithosphere-Asthenosphere System

Title Page......Page 4
Copyright......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Foreword......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
Introduction......Page 12
Summary of  Deep Seismic Reflection Profiling Worldwide......Page 14
The Impact -- Some Important Results......Page 21
The Impact -- The Geological Sciences......Page 35
The Future of Deep Reflection Profiling of Continental Basement
......Page 37
References......Page 39
Introduction......Page 44
Seismic Refraction Studies......Page 45
Seismic Reflection Studies......Page 48
Seismicity Studies......Page 50
Electrical Conductivity of the Lower Crust......Page 51
Exposed Crustal Cross-Sections......Page 52
Xenolith Suites
......Page 55
Origin and Modification of the Lower Crust......Page 58
Lower Crustal Processes......Page 61
References......Page 62
Introduction......Page 71
Rheology of the Lithosphere......Page 72
Fractals......Page 75
References......Page 76
Introduction......Page 78
Evidence for Lower Crustal Plasticity......Page 79
Results......Page 86
Discussion......Page 89
Conclusions......Page 92
References......Page 93
Introduction......Page 97
References......Page 105
Global Digital Seismographic Network: Research Opportunities and Recent Initiatives......Page 106
Scientific Perspectives......Page 108
Technical Aspects of the New Global Seismographic Network......Page 114
Organizational Developments......Page 116
Introduction......Page 118
Crystallography and Velocities: Theory and Expreiments
......Page 120
Origin of Anisotropy......Page 122
References......Page 127
Present-Day Tectonic Plate Motions......Page 131
Surface Heat Flow......Page 137
Seismically Inferred Upper Mantle Heterogeneity......Page 138
Predicting Surface Motions from the Observed Mantle Heterogeneities......Page 140
References......Page 141
Introduction......Page 143
Probing the Mantle with Controlled Seismic Sources
......Page 144
Mapping of the Mantle Transition Zone by Long Period Converted Waves
......Page 147
Anisotropy of the Continental Mantle New Tools and Implications......Page 155
References......Page 158
Additive Metasomatism......Page 161
Physical Effects of Mantle Metasomatism......Page 162
References......Page 164
Mantle Xenoliths and Continental Lithosphere Composition......Page 166
References......Page 168
The Geochemistry of Magmatic Rocks and Paleodynamic Reconstructions......Page 170
References......Page 177
Convection in the Mantle......Page 180
The Ridge Push and Subduction Pull......Page 181
The Stresses Under the Uplifts on the Continents......Page 183
Compression of Continental Crust......Page 185
Compression of Oceanic Lithosphere......Page 188
References......Page 191
Introduction......Page 194
Kinematic Models......Page 195
Towards a Dynamical Model for Extension......Page 198
Model Results......Page 202
Conclusions......Page 205
References......Page 206
Introduction......Page 209
Examination of Lithospheric Inextensibility......Page 210
Buckling Experiment......Page 214
Implication for Subduction Tectonics......Page 218
References......Page 221
Contributions on ELAS in Central Europe......Page 223
References......Page 224
Contribution on Laboratory Conductivity Studies
......Page 225
References......Page 226
Contribution on ELAS in The Baltic Shield......Page 227
Contribution on ELAS in Great Britain......Page 228
References......Page 229
Contribution on ELAS in the Canadian Shield......Page 230
Contribution on ELAS in the Pacific Plate......Page 231
References......Page 232
Results Relevant to the ELAS Project......Page 233
Contribution on ELAS in the U.S.S.R.......Page 235
Precambrian Shields and Platforms
......Page 236
Active Regions of Continents
......Page 237
Contribution on Elas in Japan
......Page 238
Conductivity Structure of the Island Arc
......Page 239
References......Page 240
P Residuals......Page 242
High- and Low-Velocity Provinces......Page 244
Lithosphere Thickness......Page 246
Possible Large-scale Anisotropy of the Subcrustal Lithosphere......Page 249
The Complex Structure of the Lithospherein Central Europe......Page 251
References......Page 252
The European Geotraverse EGT Project: A Progress Report......Page 255
Introduction......Page 256
The Northern Segment......Page 257
The Central Segment......Page 262
The Southern Segment......Page 263
Off-Traverse Projects......Page 268
Data Compilations......Page 270
References......Page 271
The DSS Data Review on the Lone Range Profiles in the Atlantic Ocean......Page 275
The Lithosphere Seismic Investigations on the Angola-Brazil Geotraverse......Page 278
Comparisono f DSSD ata for Angola-Brazil Geotraverse and Other Long Range Profiles in the Atlantic......Page 288
Discussion......Page 289
References......Page 291
Origin of Ocean Basins and Movement of Continents......Page 293
Generation of Ocean Crust and Mid-Plate Volcanism......Page 294
Tectonic Evolution of Passive Ocean Margins......Page 296
Marginal Seas......Page 298
Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology......Page 299
Rare Events and Neo-Catastrophism......Page 300
References......Page 301
The Admittance Approach......Page 303
Admittance Calculations......Page 304
Conclusions......Page 306
References......Page 308
Introduction......Page 310
The Fractured Plate Admittance......Page 311
Interpretation of Admittance Functions......Page 315
Discussion......Page 323
Conclusions......Page 326
References......Page 327