Composites for Building Assembly: Connections, Members and Structures

Preface
Disclaimer
Contents
1 Introduction
	1.1 Background
	1.2 Development of FRP Building Structures
		1.2.1 Free-Form Structures by Lay-Up and Moulding Process
		1.2.2 Snap-Fit Panelised Structures
		1.2.3 Frame Structures Assembled from Pultruded FRPs
	1.3 Scope of the Work
		1.3.1 Beam and Slab Members
		1.3.2 Column and Wall Members
		1.3.3 Connections
		1.3.4 Fire Resistance
		1.3.5 Large Scale Structural Applications
	References
2 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Built-Up Beams and One-Way Slabs
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Experimental Investigation
		2.2.1 Overview
		2.2.2 Materials
		2.2.3 Specimens
		2.2.4 Experimental Setup and Instrumentation
	2.3 Experimental Results
		2.3.1 Load–Deflection Response
		2.3.2 Failure Mode
		2.3.3 Axial Strain Along Specimen Depth
		2.3.4 Axial Strain Along Specimen Width
	2.4 Discussion and Comparison
		2.4.1 Bending Stiffness
		2.4.2 Structural Load-Carrying Capacity
		2.4.3 Effect of Foam Core
		2.4.4 Effect of Discontinuous Bonding
		2.4.5 Comparison to RC One-Way Spanning Slab
	2.5 Conclusions
	References
3 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites Two-Way Slabs
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Experimental Investigation
		3.2.1 Materials
		3.2.2 Specimens
		3.2.3 Setup and Instrumentation
	3.3 Simplified FE Analysis
	3.4 Experimental Results and Comparison with FE Modelling
		3.4.1 Load–Deflection Responses and Bending Stiffness
		3.4.2 Failure Modes and Load-Carrying Capacity
		3.4.3 Stresses on Slab Surface
		3.4.4 Axial Strains Along Depth of Section
	3.5 Analytical Approach and Discussion
		3.5.1 Grillage Analysis
		3.5.2 Degree of Composite Action in Longitudinal Slab Direction
		3.5.3 Degree of Composite Action in Transverse Slab Direction
		3.5.4 Load-Carrying Capacity
	3.6 Conclusions
	References
4 Steel- Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 Experimental Investigation
		4.2.1 Materials
		4.2.2 Specimens
		4.2.3 Experimental Setup and Instrumentation
	4.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		4.3.1 Load–Deflection Response
		4.3.2 Yielding of Composite Beams
		4.3.3 Failure of Composite Beams
		4.3.4 Composite Action at FRP-Steel Interface
		4.3.5 Composite Action of FRP Web-Flange Sandwich Slabs
		4.3.6 Axial Strain Along Specimen Width
	4.4 Analytical Evaluation
		4.4.1 Effective Width and Shear Lag
		4.4.2 Bending Stiffness
		4.4.3 Degree of Composite Action Factor Λ
		4.4.4 Evaluation of Deflections
		4.4.5 Yielding Load Py
	4.5 Numerical Comparison
	4.6 Conclusions
	References
5 Composite Actions of Steel-Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composite Beams
	5.1 Introduction
	5.2 Description of Steel-FRP Composite Beams
	5.3 Experimental Investigation on Shear Stiffness of One-Sided Bolt Connectors
		5.3.1 Materials
		5.3.2 Joint Specimens and Experimental Setup
	5.4 Results and Discussion
		5.4.1 Joint Stiffness and Slip Modulus
		5.4.2 Joint Capacity
	5.5 Theoretical Formulation of Partial Composite Actions
		5.5.1 Bending Stiffness Considering Partial Composite Action at Steel/FRP Interface
		5.5.2 Bending Stiffness Considering Partial Composite Actions at Steel/FRP Interface and Within the FRP Slab
	5.6 Concluding Remarks
	References
6 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Columns in Axial Compression
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 Experimental Study
		6.2.1 Materials
		6.2.2 Specimens
		6.2.3 Experimental Setup and Instrumentation
	6.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		6.3.1 Failure Modes
		6.3.2 Load-Strain Responses
		6.3.3 Load-Lateral Displacement Curves
		6.3.4 Determination of Compressive Capacity PC and Local Buckling Load PLocal
	6.4 Effects of Width-Thickness Ratio b/t on Failure Modes
		6.4.1 Formulation of Critical b/t for Compressive Failure and Local Buckling
		6.4.2 Comparison with Experimental Results
		6.4.3 Full Failure Modes Map
	6.5 Load-Carrying Capacity Considering Λ and b/t for SHS Sections
		6.5.1 Formulation
		6.5.2 Comparisons
	6.6 Conclusions
	References
7 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Wall Assemblies in Axial Compression
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Experimental Investigation
		7.2.1 Materials
		7.2.2 Specimens
		7.2.3 Setup and Instrumentation
	7.3 Finite Element Analysis
	7.4 Experimental Results
		7.4.1 Failure Modes
		7.4.2 Load-Axial Displacement Curves
		7.4.3 Load-Lateral Displacement Curves
		7.4.4 Load-Strain Responses
	7.5 Discussions
		7.5.1 Load-Bearing Capacity
		7.5.2 Effects of Spacing Between SHS Sections
		7.5.3 Comparison of Bonded and Bolted Connections
	7.6 Conclusions
	References
8 Fibre Reinforced Polymer Columns with Bolted Sleeve Joints under Eccentric Compression
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Experimental Program
		8.2.1 Materials and Specimens
		8.2.2 Bolted Sleeve Joint (BSJ)
		8.2.3 Experimental Setup and Instrumentation
	8.3 FE Analysis
		8.3.1 Model Description
		8.3.2 Failure Criterion
	8.4 Results and Discussion
		8.4.1 Failure Modes
		8.4.2 Load-Axial Shortening Curves
		8.4.3 Load-Lateral Displacement Curves
		8.4.4 Load-Axial Strain Responses
		8.4.5 FE Verification of Splitting Failure at BSJ Region
		8.4.6 Load-Bearing Capacities of GFRP Columns with BSJs
		8.4.7 P-M Interaction Curve
	8.5 Conclusions
	References
9 Connections of Fibre Reinforced Polymer to Steel Members: Experiments
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Experimental Program
		9.2.1 Connection Design
		9.2.2 Materials
		9.2.3 Specimens
		9.2.4 Experimental Set-Up and Instrumentation
	9.3 Experimental Results and Discussions
		9.3.1 Failure Modes
		9.3.2 Moment-Rotation and Shear-Rotation Curves
		9.3.3 Strain Responses of Steel Connectors
		9.3.4 Comparisons on the Connection Stiffness and Capacity
		9.3.5 Classification of the Connections
	9.4 Conclusions
	References
10 Connections of Fibre Reinforced Polymer to Steel Members: Numerical Modelling
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 Experimental Summary
	10.3 Detailed FE Modelling
		10.3.1 Material Properties
		10.3.2 Failure Criteria
		10.3.3 Model Set-Up
	10.4 Verification of Modelling Results
	10.5 Parametric Study of Bonded Sleeve Connections
		10.5.1 Effect of Endplate Thickness
		10.5.2 Effect of Bonded Sleeve Length
		10.5.3 Effect of Number of Go-Through Bolts
		10.5.4 Effect of Central One-Sided Bolts for Connecting Endplate
	10.6 Conclusions
	References
11 Cyclic Performance of Bonded Sleeve Beam-Column Connections
	11.1 Introduction
	11.2 Experimental Program
		11.2.1 Materials
		11.2.2 Specimens
		11.2.3 Cyclic Loading Program
		11.2.4 Experimental Setup
		11.2.5 Instrumentation
	11.3 Experimental Results and Discussion
		11.3.1 Failure Modes
		11.3.2 Moment-Rotation Responses
		11.3.3 Local Strain Responses
		11.3.4 Ultimate Rotation, Moment Capacity and Ductility of Connections
		11.3.5 Energy Dissipation Capacity
	11.4 Finite Element Modelling
		11.4.1 Modelling Approach
		11.4.2 Modelling Validation
		11.4.3 Effects of Endplate Thickness
	11.5 Conclusions
	References
12 Joint Capacity of Bonded Sleeve Connections for Tubular Fibre Reinforced Polymer Members
	12.1 Introduction
	12.2 Summary of Experimental Results
	12.3 Theoretical Formulation of Joint Capacity
		12.3.1 Governing Differential Equations
		12.3.2 Bond-Slip Relationship of Adhesive Layer
		12.3.3 Joint Capacity Pe at Elastic Limit
		12.3.4 Joint Capacity Pu,s1 at Ultimate State for Softening of Only One End
		12.3.5 Joint Capacity Pu,s2 at Ultimate State for Softening of Both Ends
		12.3.6 Joint Capacity Pu,sf at Ultimate State for Softening of Full Bond Length
	12.4 FE Analysis
		12.4.1 Geometries and Materials
		12.4.2 Model Establishment
		12.4.3 Boundary Condition and Loading
	12.5 Results and Discussion
		12.5.1 Comparison of Ultimate Joint Capacity
		12.5.2 Shear Stress Distribution
		12.5.3 Effect of Bond Length on Joint Capacity
		12.5.4 Effect of Stiffness Ratio on Joint Capacities
	12.6 Conclusions
	References
13 Axial Performance of Splice Connections for Fibre Reinforced Polymer Columns
	13.1 Introduction
	13.2 Experimental Program
		13.2.1 Specimens
		13.2.2 Material Properties
		13.2.3 Instrumentation and Experimental Setup
	13.3 Finite Element Modelling
		13.3.1 Geometric Modelling and Material Definitions
		13.3.2 Modelling of Bond Behaviour in BSJs
		13.3.3 Modelling of Contact and Pretension in BFJs
	13.4 Results and Discussion: BSJ Specimens
		13.4.1 Failure Modes and Load–Displacement Responses
		13.4.2 Joint Capacity Versus Bond Length
		13.4.3 Strain Responses
		13.4.4 Adhesive Shear Stress Distribution
	13.5 Results and Discussion: BFJ Specimens
		13.5.1 Failure Modes and Load-Displacement Behaviours
		13.5.2 Stress Distribution and Load-Strain Responses
	13.6 Integrated Performance of Proposed Splice Connection
	13.7 Conclusions
	References
14 Cyclic Performance of Splice Connections for Fibre Reinforced Polymer Members
	14.1 Introduction
	14.2 Experimental Program
		14.2.1 Specimens and Fabrication
		14.2.2 Material Properties
		14.2.3 Test Setup and Instrumentation
		14.2.4 Cyclic Loading Program
	14.3 Finite Element Modelling
		14.3.1 Geometries, Element Types, Material Models and Boundary Conditions
		14.3.2 Modelling of Steel-GFRP Bond
	14.4 Results and Discussion
		14.4.1 Moment-Rotation Responses and Failure Modes
		14.4.2 Cyclic Performance
		14.4.3 Local Strain Responses
		14.4.4 GFRP Failure
	14.5 Conclusions
	References
15 Fire Performance of Loaded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Multicellular Composite Structures
	15.1 Introduction
	15.2 Experimental Investigation
		15.2.1 Specimen Preparation
		15.2.2 Experimental Setup
	15.3 Numerical Modeling
		15.3.1 Material Properties
	15.4 Results and Discussion
		15.4.1 Temperature Responses
		15.4.2 Mid-Span Deflection
		15.4.3 Effects of Fire Resistance Panel on Thermal Response
		15.4.4 Mechanical Loading Effects
	15.5 Conclusions
	References
16 Large Scale Structural Applications
	16.1 Introduction
	16.2 An All-GFRP Footbridge
		16.2.1 Materials and Structure
		16.2.2 Experimental Setup and Scenarios
		16.2.3 Load–Deflection Responses
		16.2.4 Longitudinal Strain Distribution Along Specimen Depth
		16.2.5 Longitudinal Strain Distribution Along Specimen Width
		16.2.6 Conclusions
	16.3 GFRP Space Frame
		16.3.1 Components and Structure
		16.3.2 Experimental Scenarios
		16.3.3 Results and Discussion
		16.3.4 Conclusions
	16.4 GFRP House Frames
		16.4.1 Conceptual Design
		16.4.2 Structural Analysis
		16.4.3 Assembly Process
		16.4.4 Further Considerations
	16.5 GFRP Modular Retaining Wall
		16.5.1 Member Performance
		16.5.2 Connection Performance
	16.6 Summary
	References