Composite Construction

COMPOSITE CONSTRUCTION......Page 1
Contents......Page 3
Contributors......Page 6
Foreword......Page 7
Acknowledgments......Page 9
1.2 HISTORY......Page 11
Table of Contents......Page 0
1.3 BASIC CONCEPTS......Page 13
1.4 MATERIAL PROPERTIES......Page 15
1.5 SHEAR CONNECTORS......Page 16
1.5.1 Influence of Slab Type......Page 22
1.6 DESIGN FOR ULS......Page 26
1.7 DESIGN FOR SLS......Page 27
1.9 CURRENT USAGE......Page 28
1.9.4 Floors......Page 29
1.11 REFERENCES......Page 30
2.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 33
2.2 TYPES OF BEAM......Page 34
2.3 BASIC BEHAVIOUR......Page 38
2.4 ULTIMATE STRENGTH DESIGN......Page 41
2.5 CALCULATING THE DEFLECTION......Page 44
2.6 SHEAR CONNECTOR BEHAVIOUR......Page 45
2.7 CONTINUOUS BEAMS......Page 50
2.8 BEAMS WITH COMPOSITE SLABS......Page 53
2.9 CURRENT DESIGN AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT......Page 54
2.10 REFERENCES......Page 56
3.1.1 Types of Composite Cross-section......Page 58
3.1.2 Objectives of This Chapter......Page 59
3.2.2 Local Buckling of Steel......Page 60
3.2.4 Squash Load of a Composite Cross-Section......Page 62
3.2.5 Euler Load......Page 63
3.2.7 Unsymmetrical Sections......Page 65
3.3.1 Axial Load–Bending Moment (N–M) Interaction Diagram of a Composite Cross-Section......Page 67
3.3.2 Simplified Method for Symmetrical Cross-sections......Page 68
3.3.3 Strength of Composite Column with Axial Force and Bending Moment About One Axis......Page 72
3.3.4 Column Strength Under Biaxial Bending......Page 73
Effect of Imperfections......Page 74
P−δ Effect......Page 75
3.3.6 Unsymmetrical Sections......Page 76
3.6.1 General Introduction......Page 77
3.6.2 Introduction to Part 1.2 Design Methods......Page 78
3.6.4 Simple Calculation Method of Eurocode 4 Part 1.2......Page 79
3.6.5 Effects of Structural Continuity on Column Effective Length in Fire......Page 80
Unprotected Columns......Page 82
3.6.7 Effect of Eccentricity......Page 84
3.7 SUMMARY......Page 85
3.9 REFERENCES......Page 86
3.10 NOTATIONS......Page 87
Greek letters......Page 88
Subscripts......Page 89
4.1 INTRODUCTION AND ELASTIC BUCKLING THEORY......Page 90
4.1.1 Classification of Beam and Column Elements......Page 91
4.1.2 Elastic Local Buckling......Page 93
4.1.3 Design Considerations for Elastic Local Buckling......Page 95
4.1.4 Elastic Lateral-Torsional Buckling of Beams......Page 96
4.1.6 Elastic Buckling of Composite Columns......Page 97
4.1.7 Design Buckling Resistance of Beams and Columns......Page 98
4.2.1 Introduction......Page 99
4.3.1 Efficient Use of Composite Beams......Page 100
4.3.2 Inelastic Local Buckling of Flanges and Webs......Page 101
4.3.3 Elastic Distortional Buckling......Page 103
4.3.4 Effect of Yielding on Effective Length of Compact Beams......Page 106
4.3.5 Inelastic Distortional Buckling of Continuous Compact Beams......Page 109
4.4.1 Interaction of Inelastic Local and Lateral Buckling of Compact Elements......Page 110
4.4.2 Limit state of ductility......Page 113
4.4.3 Available Inelastic Rotations for Compact Composite Beams......Page 114
4.4.4 Required Inelastic Rotation......Page 123
4.4.5 Example......Page 124
4.5 REFERENCES......Page 125
5.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 129
5.2.1 Advantages of Composite Floors......Page 130
5.2.2 Deck Types......Page 131
5.3.2 Design Loading......Page 132
5.3.3 Analysis......Page 133
5.3.5 Design Strength by Testing......Page 135
5.3.6 Serviceability Considerations......Page 136
5.4.1 Failure Modes......Page 138
5.4.3 Bending Resistance......Page 140
5.4.4 Testing for Shear Interaction......Page 144
5.4.5 Partial Shear Connection Method......Page 147
 5.4.6 Developments in Partial Connection Methods......Page 151
5.5 DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR......Page 154
5.6.1 Concentrated Loads......Page 155
5.6.2 Slab Openings......Page 156
5.7 FIRE RESISTANCE......Page 157
5.8.2 Permanent stage......Page 161
5.9.1 Developments in Slim Floor Systems......Page 162
5.9.3 Composite Action in Deep Decks......Page 163
5.9.4 Fire Resistance of Slim Floor Decking......Page 164
5.10 REFERENCES......Page 165
6.1 INTRODUCTION......Page 169
6.2 TYPES OF COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS......Page 171
6.3 DESIGN PRINCIPLES......Page 173
6.4 CLASSIFICATION OF COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS......Page 175
6.5 CAPACITY OF COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS......Page 177
6.5.1.1 Tension Capacity of the Reinforcement......Page 178
6.5.1.2 The Shear Connection Between the Steel Beam and Concrete Slab......Page 181
6.5.1.3 The Tension Capacity of the Steel Components......Page 183
6.5.2.1 Compression Resistance of the Beam’s Lower Flange and Web......Page 188
6.5.2.2 Compression Resistance of Column Web......Page 190
6.5.3 Shear Zone......Page 192
6.6 DUCTILITY OF COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS......Page 193
6.6.1 Required Rotation Capacity......Page 196
6.6.2 Available Rotation Capacity......Page 198
6.6.2.1 Elongation of the Embedded Reinforcement......Page 199
6.6.2.2 Deformation Capacity Due to Slip at the Steel/Concrete Interface......Page 200
6.7 STIFFNESS OF COMPOSITE CONNECTIONS......Page 202
6.7.1 Basic Model......Page 203
6.7.2.1 Longitudinal Reinforcement......Page 205
6.8 SUMMARY......Page 207
6.9 REFERENCES......Page 208
7.1.1 What is a composite frame......Page 211
Beams and connections......Page 212
Columns......Page 214
7.2.1 Braced frames......Page 215
Connections......Page 216
Beams......Page 220
Columns......Page 221
Connections......Page 224
Beams......Page 227
Construction condition......Page 229
Final (composite) condition......Page 230
7.3.2 Procedures - braced frames......Page 231
Construction condition......Page 232
Final condition......Page 233
Construction (steel) condition......Page 235
Final (composite) condition......Page 236
7.4.1 Braced frames......Page 237
7.4.2 Unbraced frames......Page 239
7.5 CONCLUSIONS......Page 240
7.6 REFERENCES......Page 241