Complications in Endovascular Therapy

Front cover......Page 1
Preface......Page 6
Acknowledgment......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
Contributors......Page 18
INTRODUCTION......Page 22
SETTING UP A QI PROGRAM......Page 23
Data Collection......Page 24
DEFINING OUTCOMES......Page 25
Complications (Adverse Events)......Page 26
Radiation Injury......Page 27
ARCHIVING AND REPORTING......Page 28
SAMPLE QI PROGRAM......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 30
APPENDIX: A QUALITY ASSURANCE PROGRAM FOR PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DIAGNOSTIC AND THERAPEUTIC PROCEDURES General Issues......Page 32
Diagnostic Extremity Arteriography......Page 33
Extremity Interventions......Page 37
Diagnostic Renal Arteriography for Evaluation of Renal Artery Stenosis......Page 41
Renal Artery Interventions......Page 43
References......Page 47
ACCESS SITE COMPLICATIONS......Page 50
Groin Hematoma......Page 51
Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF)......Page 54
Pseudoaneurysm......Page 56
Retroperitoneal Hematoma (RPH)......Page 59
Axillary and Brachial Artery Puncture......Page 60
SURGICAL THERAPY......Page 62
COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO PASSAGE OF CATHETERS AND DEVICES......Page 63
Fibrinolysis......Page 65
Aortic Stent Grafts......Page 66
Renal Angioplasty and Stenting......Page 67
Iliac Angioplasty and Stenting......Page 69
Venous Interventions......Page 71
REFERENCES......Page 73
Incidence......Page 76
Prevention and Management......Page 77
ATHEROEMBOLIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 79
Renal Effects......Page 80
HEPARIN-INDUCED THROMBOCYTOPENIA (HIT)......Page 81
Treatment......Page 82
Contrast Agent......Page 84
Incidence......Page 85
CONCLUSION......Page 86
REFERENCES......Page 87
BLOOD LOSS......Page 92
PERSISTENT BLEEDING......Page 93
HEMATOMA......Page 95
Predisposing Factors......Page 97
Popliteal Access......Page 98
Brachial Access......Page 99
PSEUDOANEURYSM......Page 100
RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA......Page 103
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA......Page 106
Management......Page 108
ACCESS SITE OCCLUSION......Page 109
Management......Page 110
Prevention......Page 111
Predisposing Factors......Page 114
Prevention......Page 115
SUMMARY......Page 117
REFERENCES......Page 118
RETROPERITONEAL HEMATOMA Pathogenesis......Page 122
Diagnosis......Page 123
Management......Page 124
Management......Page 126
OCCLUSION Pathogenesis......Page 127
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FEMORAL ARTERY PUNCTURE......Page 128
REFERENCES......Page 130
INDICATIONS......Page 134
CLINICAL EXPERIENCE AND RESULTS......Page 135
COMPLICATIONS OF BAC—PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT......Page 136
REFERENCES......Page 137
Complications Associated with the Use of Percutaneous Arterial Closure Devices......Page 140
DEVICES......Page 141
TYPES OF COMPLICATIONS Device Failure......Page 146
Thrombosis (Vessel Occlusion)......Page 148
Infection......Page 149
Pseudoaneurysm......Page 151
Device-Specific Complications......Page 153
CONCLUSION......Page 154
REFERENCES......Page 155
OVERVIEW......Page 158
PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS......Page 159
PERIPROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS......Page 162
DELAYED COMPLICATIONS......Page 164
REFERENCES......Page 173
INTRODUCTION......Page 176
PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS Complications During Access of the Common Carotid Artery......Page 177
Complications During Placement of EPD......Page 178
Complications During Angioplasty or Stenting of the Target Lesion......Page 180
EARLY POST-PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS Cerebral Hyperperfusion Syndrome......Page 184
LATE POST-PROCEDURAL COMPLICATIONS Stent Deformation......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 186
INTRODUCTION......Page 190
MISDIAGNOSIS......Page 191
STENT MIGRATION AND THROMBOSIS......Page 192
DISSECTION AND SIDE BRANCH OCCLUSION......Page 193
EMBOLIZATION......Page 194
RESTENOSIS......Page 197
HYPERPERFUSION SYNDROME......Page 198
REFERENCES......Page 199
PREDISPOSING FACTORS......Page 204
SHORT-TERM AND LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES OR SEQUELAE......Page 208
COMPLICATION AVOIDANCE AND MANAGEMENT......Page 212
REFERENCES......Page 217
INTRODUCTION......Page 224
CURRENT SUCCESS RATES FOR RENAL INTERVENTION......Page 225
RENAL ARTERY RUPTURE......Page 228
PLAQUE DISRUPTION: DISSECTION, ACUTE THROMBOSIS......Page 229
EMBOLIZATION......Page 230
OTHER MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY......Page 231
PREVENTION OF COMPLICATIONS......Page 233
REFERENCES......Page 234
MESENTERIC INTERVENTION COMPLICATIONS......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 242
LIVER TRANSPLANTATION COMPLICATIONS: ARTERIAL COMPLICATIONS Steno-Occlusive Disease......Page 244
HEPATIC ARTERY PSEUDOANEURYSMS......Page 251
ARTERIO-PORTAL FISTULAE......Page 252
VENOUS COMPLICATIONS Portal Vein Stenosis......Page 253
PORTAL HYPERTENSION (PORTAL-HTN)......Page 255
Management......Page 256
Predisposing Factors......Page 257
Management......Page 258
RENAL TRANSPLANTATION COMPLICATIONS Arterial Stenosis......Page 259
Arterial Injury......Page 263
Predisposing Factors......Page 264
Clinical Sequelae......Page 265
Management......Page 266
REFERENCES......Page 267
ANATOMY......Page 274
Aortoiliac Occlusions......Page 276
COMPLICATIONS IN AORTOILIAC INTERVENTIONS Dissection......Page 277
Stent Migration......Page 282
Other Problems and Accidents......Page 285
CONCLUSIONS......Page 288
REFERENCES......Page 289
CFA ACCESS COMPLICATIONS......Page 290
HEMORRHAGE......Page 291
Retroperitoneal Hemorrhage......Page 292
PSEUDOANEURYSMS (PA)......Page 293
ARTERIOVENOUS FISTULA (AVF)......Page 295
Femoral Neuropathy......Page 297
COMPLICATIONS ASSOCIATED WITH VASCULAR CLOSURE DEVICES......Page 298
COMPLICATION PREVENTION CFA Catheterizations......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 304
GENERAL......Page 308
COMPLICATIONS Contrast Nephropathy......Page 309
Access Site Complications......Page 310
LOCAL COMPLICATIONS Dissection......Page 311
Perforation/Rupture......Page 313
Restenosis......Page 315
REFERENCES......Page 316
Complications in Endovascular Therapy: Atherosclerotic Thoracic Aneurysm Repair......Page 318
REFERENCES......Page 322
PREOPERATIVE IMAGE INTERPRETATION......Page 326
ISCHEMIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 327
Endovascular Grafting......Page 328
Branch Vessel Stenting......Page 330
Aortic Fenestration......Page 332
TREATMENT OF RUPTURE......Page 333
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT......Page 334
REFERENCES......Page 335
Complications in Peripheral Thrombolysis......Page 336
BIOCHEMISTRY OF THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS......Page 337
SAFETY OF THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS IN CLINICAL TRIALS......Page 338
PREVENTING HEMORRHAGE DURING THROMBOLYSIS: POTENTIAL FOR THE FUTURE......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 342
INTRODUCTION......Page 346
SEQUELAE......Page 347
MANAGEMENT......Page 348
TREATMENT......Page 349
THROMBOLYTIC AGENTS......Page 351
CONCLUSION......Page 353
REFERENCES......Page 354
INTRODUCTION......Page 358
ETIOLOGY AND INCIDENCE Catheters and Devices......Page 359
Angioplasty and Stents......Page 360
Contrast Material......Page 361
Detection......Page 362
Mechanical Embolic Protection in Cerebrovascular Intervention......Page 364
Treatment......Page 366
HEMORRHAGIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 374
INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGE (ICH)......Page 375
INTRAPARENCHYMAL HEMORRHAGE......Page 376
CLINICAL PRESENTATION......Page 377
RISK FACTORS FOR HPS......Page 378
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF HPS AND ICH......Page 380
CLINICAL COURSE AND PROGNOSIS......Page 383
SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH)......Page 388
CONCLUSION......Page 391
REFERENCES......Page 392
Complications Associated with the Use of Percutaneous Mechanical Thrombectomy Devices......Page 400
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF DEVICE SAFETY......Page 401
Embolism......Page 403
Table 4......Page 405
Spasm......Page 407
Acute Rethrombosis......Page 409
Hemolysis......Page 411
Mechanical Failure......Page 412
Non-Device Related Events......Page 413
CONCLUSION......Page 414
REFERENCES......Page 415
BACKGROUND......Page 418
Complication: Inability to Access the AVF......Page 419
THROMBECTOMY (MECHANICAL, THROMBOASPIRATION) Complication: Symptomatic Pulmonary Embolism......Page 420
Complication: Arterial Embolism......Page 421
THROMBOLYSIS Complication: Bleeding Complications Associated with Thrombolysis......Page 423
ANGIOPLASTY AND STENTING Complication: Rupture of the Vein......Page 424
OUTCOMES Complication: Failure of Treatment in Less than One Month......Page 425
REFERENCES......Page 426
Thrombolytic Therapy......Page 430
Surgical Therapy......Page 431
Suction Thrombectomy......Page 432
Thrombus Fragmentation......Page 433
Combination Therapy......Page 435
Mortality......Page 436
Recurrent Thromboembolism......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 438
COMPLICATIONS OF INSERTION......Page 442
LATE COMPLICATIONS OF FILTER PLACEMENT......Page 443
REFERENCES......Page 449
BASIC PREPROCEDURE EVALUATION STRATEGIES......Page 452
LOWER EXTREMITY ARTERIAL VASCULAR TESTING Preprocedure......Page 453
EXTRACRANIAL CAROTID ARTERY TESTING......Page 456
RENAL ARTERY STENOSIS......Page 457
REFERENCES......Page 458
Index......Page 460
Back cover......Page 468