Complex Sleep Breathing Disorders: A Clinical Casebook of Challenging Patients

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Preface
Contents
Contributors
Chapter 1: Hypercapnic Obstructive Sleep Apnea
	Case
	Discussion
		Respiratory Chemoreflexes and Disease
		Trait Versus State Components of the Respiratory Chemoreflex
		The Importance of Hypocapnia and the CO2 Reserve in Central Sleep Apnea and Periodic Breathing
		Polysomnographic Recognition of High Loop Gain Sleep Apnea
		Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition
		Oxygen as Adjunctive Therapy for Hypercapnic Periodic Breathing
		Adaptive Ventilation for Hypercapnic Periodic Breathing
	References
Chapter 2: Central Sleep Apnea and Opioid Use
	Case
	Discussion
		Introduction
		Diagnosis
		Epidemiology and Risk Factors
		Pathogenesis
		Consequences
		Treatment
		Complex Sleep Apnea Due to Opioids
	References
Chapter 3: Sleep Apnea and Stroke
	Case Presentation
	Discussion
		Pathogenesis
		Assessment and Diagnosis
		Treatment of Sleep-Disordered Breathing
	References
Chapter 4: Obstructive and Central Sleep Apnea Treatment Challenges in Atrial Fibrillation
	Case History and Examination
		Evaluation
		Diagnosis
		Outcome
	Discussion
		Introduction
		Epidemiology and Clinic-Based Studies Characterizing the Relationship of Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation
		Sleep Apnea and Atrial Fibrillation Pathophysiology
		Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Atrial Fibrillation
		Treatment of Central Sleep Apnea/Cheyne-Stokes Breathing in Atrial Fibrillation
	References
Chapter 5: Cheyne-Stokes Breathing and Diastolic Heart Failure
	Case
		Baseline Night
		CPAP Titration Night
		ASV Control Nights
		Chronic Follow-Up with ASV
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 6: Pulmonary Hypertension in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
	Introduction
	Case Report
	Discussion
		Mechanism of PH in OSA
		Diagnostic Considerations
		Effect of Treatment of OSA on PH
	References
Chapter 7: Primary Central Sleep Apnea
	Case
	Discussion
		Definition
		Epidemiology and Demographics
		Pathophysiology of Primary Central Sleep Apnea
		Clinical Signs and Symptoms
		Treatment
	References
Chapter 8: Treatment-Emergent Central Sleep Apnea
	Case
	Discussion Section
		Introduction
		Pathophysiology
		Diagnosis, Epidemiology, and Natural History
		Clinical Presentation and Evaluation
			History
			Associated Conditions
			Polysomnographic Features
			Home Sleep Apnea Testing (HSAT) and PAP Data
			Assessments of Physiologic Contributors to TE-CSA
		Treatment
			Conservative Measures
			PAP Therapies
			Non-PAP Therapies
	References
Chapter 9: Upper Airway Resistance Syndrome
	Case
	Discussion
		Introduction
		Epidemiology
		Clinical Presentation
		Polysomnographic Findings
		Pathophysiology
		Treatment
		Conclusion
	References
Chapter 10: Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy
	Case
	Discussion
		Normal Respiratory Physiology Changes During Pregnancy
		Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Pregnancy
		Diagnosis of SDB in Pregnancy
		Sleep Apnea in Pregnancy Affects the Health of Mother and Infant
		Treating Sleep Disordered Breathing in Pregnancy
	References
Chapter 11: Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
	Case
	Discussion
		Epidemiology
		Definition
		Pathophysiology
		Diagnosis
		Management
	References
Chapter 12: Sleep Breathing Disorders in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
	Case
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 13: Alveolar Hypoventilation and Non-invasive Ventilation in COPD
	Case Presentation
	Assessment
	Management
	Outcome
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 14: Hypoventilation Associated with Scoliosis
	Case
	Discussion
		Introduction
		Epidemiology
		Clinical Presentation
		Polysomnographic Findings
		Pathophysiology
		Treatment
		Conclusion
	References
Chapter 15: Postoperative Respiratory Failure
	Case Scenario
	Discussion
		Mechanisms of Postoperative Respiratory Failure
		Predicting Postoperative Respiratory Failure
		Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Postoperative Respiratory Failure
		Perioperative Management to Mitigate Postoperative Respiratory Failure
			Intraoperative Ventilation Management to Prevent Postoperative Respiratory Failure
			Residual Neuromuscular Blockade
			Postoperative Management and Rescue Modalities
	Conclusion
	References
Chapter 16: Sleep Disordered Breathing at High Altitude
	Clinical Presentation
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 17: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS)
	Case
	Discussion
		Diagnostics
		Phenotype
		Treatment and Surveillance
	References
Chapter 18: Sleep Disordered Breathing and Prader-Willi Syndrome
	Case Presentation
	Discussion
		Ventilatory Control
		Obstructive Sleep Apnea
		Growth Hormone
		Central Sleep Apnea
		Sleep-Related Hypoventilation
		Hypersomnia
	References
Chapter 19: Rapid-Onset Obesity with Hypothalamic Dysfunction, Hypoventilation, and Autonomic Dysregulation (ROHHAD)
	Case Presentation
	Discussion
		History of ROHHAD
		Etiology
		Presentation
		Differential Diagnosis
		Management
	References
Chapter 20: Chiari Malformations
	Case
	Discussion
	References
Chapter 21: Sleep Breathing Disorders in Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
	Case
	Discussion
	References
Index