Complete ABAP

Acknowledgments
Preface
	The Objective of this Book
	Target Audience
	Structure of this Book
1  Introduction to ERP and SAP
	1.1 Historical Overview
	1.2 Understanding an ERP System
		1.2.1 What Is ERP?
		1.2.2 ERP versus Non-ERP Systems
		1.2.3 Advantages of an ERP System
	1.3 Introduction to SAP
		1.3.1 Modules in SAP
		1.3.2 Types of Users
		1.3.3 Role of an ABAP Consultant
		1.3.4 Changing and Adapting the Data Structure
	1.4 ABAP Overview
		1.4.1 Types of Applications
		1.4.2 RICEF Overview
	1.5 System Requirements
	1.6 Summary
2  Architecture of an SAP System
	2.1 Introduction to the Three-Tier Architecture
	2.2 SAP Implementation Overview
		2.2.1 SAP GUI: Presentation Layer
		2.2.2 Application Servers and Message Servers: Application Layer
		2.2.3 Database Server/RDBMS: Database Layer
		2.2.4 SAP HANA Introduction
	2.3 Data Structures
		2.3.1 Client Overview
		2.3.2 Client-Specific and Cross-Client Data
		2.3.3 Repository
		2.3.4 Packages
		2.3.5 Transport Organizer
	2.4 Summary
3  Introduction to the ABAP Environment
	3.1 SAP Environment
		3.1.1 ABAP Programming Environment
		3.1.2 Logging On to the SAP Environment
		3.1.3 Elements of the SAP Screen
		3.1.4 Transaction Codes
		3.1.5 Opening and Navigating with Transactions
	3.2 ABAP Workbench Overview
		3.2.1 ABAP Editor
		3.2.2 Function Builder
		3.2.3 Class Builder
		3.2.4 Screen Painter
		3.2.5 Menu Painter
		3.2.6 ABAP Data Dictionary
		3.2.7 Object Navigator
	3.3 Eclipse IDE Overview
	3.4 Summary
4  ABAP Programming Concepts
	4.1 General Program Structure
		4.1.1 Global Declarations
		4.1.2 Procedural Area
	4.2 ABAP Syntax
		4.2.1 Basic Syntax Rules
		4.2.2 Chained Statements
		4.2.3 Comment Lines
	4.3 ABAP Keywords
	4.4 Introduction to the TYPE Concept
		4.4.1 Data Types
		4.4.2 Data Elements
		4.4.3 Domains
		4.4.4 Data Objects
	4.5 ABAP Statements
	4.6 Creating Your First ABAP Program
	4.7 Summary
5  Structures and Internal Tables
	5.1 Defining Structures
		5.1.1 When to Define Structures
		5.1.2 Local Structures
		5.1.3 Global Structures
		5.1.4 Working with Structures
		5.1.5 Use Cases
	5.2 Internal Tables
		5.2.1 Defining Internal Tables
		5.2.2 Types of Internal Tables
		5.2.3 Table Keys
		5.2.4 Working with Internal Tables
		5.2.5 Control Break Statements
	5.3 Introduction to Open SQL Statements
		5.3.1 Database Overview
		5.3.2 Selecting Data from Database Tables
		5.3.3 Selecting Data from Multiple Tables
	5.4 Processing Data from Databases via Internal Tables and Structures
	5.5 Introduction to the Debugger
	5.6 Practice
	5.7 Summary
6  User Interaction
	6.1 Selection Screen Overview
		6.1.1 PARAMETERS
		6.1.2 SELECT-OPTIONS
		6.1.3 SELECTION-SCREEN
		6.1.4 Selection Texts
	6.2 Messages
		6.2.1 Types of Messages
		6.2.2 Messages Using Text Symbols
		6.2.3 Messages Using Message Classes
		6.2.4 Dynamic Messages
		6.2.5 Translation
	6.3 Summary
7  Modularization Techniques
	7.1 Modularization Overview
	7.2 Program Structure
		7.2.1 Processing Blocks
		7.2.2 Event Blocks
		7.2.3 Dialog Modules
		7.2.4 Procedures
	7.3 Events
		7.3.1 Program Constructor Events
		7.3.2 Reporting Events
		7.3.3 Selection Screen Events
		7.3.4 List Events
		7.3.5 Screen Events
	7.4 Procedures
		7.4.1 Subroutines
		7.4.2 Function Modules
		7.4.3 Methods
	7.5 Inline Declarations
		7.5.1 Assigning Values to Data Objects
		7.5.2 Using Inline Declarations with Table Work Areas
		7.5.3 Avoiding Helper Variables
		7.5.4 Declaring Actual Parameters
	7.6 Summary
8  Object-Oriented ABAP
	8.1 Procedural Programming versus Object-Oriented Programming
	8.2 Principles of Object-Oriented Programming
		8.2.1 Attributes
		8.2.2 Static and Instance Components
		8.2.3 Methods
		8.2.4 Objects
		8.2.5 Constructor
	8.3 Encapsulation
		8.3.1 Component Visibility
		8.3.2 Friends
		8.3.3 Implementation Hiding
	8.4 Inheritance
		8.4.1 Defining Inheritance
		8.4.2 Abstract Classes and Methods
		8.4.3 Final Classes and Methods
		8.4.4 Composition
		8.4.5 Refactoring Assistant
	8.5 Polymorphism
		8.5.1 Static and Dynamic Types
		8.5.2 Casting
		8.5.3 Dynamic Binding with the Call Method
		8.5.4 Interfaces
		8.5.5 Events
	8.6 Working with the Extensible Markup Language
		8.6.1 XML Overview
		8.6.2 XML Processing Concepts
	8.7 Summary
9  Exception Handling
	9.1 Exceptions Overview
	9.2 Procedural Exception Handling
		9.2.1 Maintaining Exceptions Using Function Modules
		9.2.2 Maintaining Exceptions Using Methods
		9.2.3 Maintaining Exceptions for Local Classes
	9.3 Class-Based Exception Handling
		9.3.1 Raising Exceptions
		9.3.2 Catchable and Noncatchable Exceptions
		9.3.3 Defining Exception Classes Globally
		9.3.4 Defining Exception Classes Locally
	9.4 Messages in Exception Classes
		9.4.1 Using the Online Text Repository
		9.4.2 Using Messages from a Message Class
		9.4.3 Using the MESSAGE Addition to Raise an Exception
	9.5 Summary
10  ABAP Data Dictionary
	10.1 Database Tables
		10.1.1 Creating a Database Table
		10.1.2 Indexes
		10.1.3 Table Maintenance Generator
		10.1.4 Foreign Keys
		10.1.5 Include Structure
		10.1.6 Append Structure
	10.2 Views
		10.2.1 Database Views
		10.2.2 Projection Views
		10.2.3 Maintenance Views
		10.2.4 Help Views
		10.2.5 ABAP Core Data Services Views
	10.3 Data Types
		10.3.1 Data Elements
		10.3.2 Structures
		10.3.3 Table Types
	10.4 Type Groups
	10.5 Domains
	10.6 Search Helps
		10.6.1 Elementary Search Helps
		10.6.2 Collective Search Helps
		10.6.3 Assigning a Search Help
		10.6.4 Search Help Exits
	10.7 Lock Objects
	10.8 Summary
11  Persistent Data
	11.1 Working with Data in Databases
		11.1.1 Open SQL
		11.1.2 Logical Unit of Work
	11.2 ABAP Object Services
		11.2.1 Persistence Service Overview
		11.2.2 Building Persistent Classes
		11.2.3 Working with Persistent Objects
	11.3 File Interfaces
		11.3.1 Working with Files in the Application Server
		11.3.2 Working with Files in the Presentation Layer
	11.4 Data Clusters
		11.4.1 Exporting Data Clusters to Databases
		11.4.2 Importing Data Clusters
	11.5 Security Concepts
	11.6 Summary
12  Dialog Programming
	12.1 Screen Events
	12.2 Screen Elements and Flow Logic
		12.2.1 Components of a Dialog Program
		12.2.2 Screens
		12.2.3 Screen Elements
	12.3 Basic Screen Elements
		12.3.1 Text Fields
		12.3.2 Checkboxes and Radio Buttons
		12.3.3 Push Buttons
	12.4 Input/Output Fields
	12.5 List Box
	12.6 Table Controls
		12.6.1 Create a Table Control without a Wizard
		12.6.2 Create a Table Control with a Wizard
	12.7 Tabstrip Controls
	12.8 Subscreens
	12.9 Working with Screens
		12.9.1 Screen Flow Logic
		12.9.2 GUI Status
		12.9.3 GUI Title
		12.9.4 Modifying Screen Fields Dynamically
		12.9.5 Field Help and Input Help
		12.9.6 Screen Sequence
		12.9.7 Assigning Transaction Codes
	12.10 Control Framework
		12.10.1 Using Container Controls
		12.10.2 Implementing Custom Controls
	12.11 Practice
		12.11.1 Application Flow
		12.11.2 Delete Functionality
		12.11.3 Validations and Autofills
	12.12 Summary
13  List Screens
	13.1 Program Types
		13.1.1 Executable Programs
		13.1.2 Module Pool Programs
		13.1.3 Function Groups
		13.1.4 Class Pools
		13.1.5 Interface Pools
		13.1.6 Subroutine Pools
		13.1.7 Type Pools
		13.1.8 Include Programs
	13.2 Program Execution
		13.2.1 Executable Program Flow
		13.2.2 Module Pool Program Flow
		13.2.3 Calling Programs Internally
	13.3 Memory Organization
	13.4 List Events
		13.4.1 TOP-OF-PAGE
		13.4.2 END-OF-PAGE
		13.4.3 AT LINE-SELECTION
		13.4.4 AT USER-COMMAND
	13.5 Basic Lists and Detail Lists
	13.6 Classical Reports
	13.7 Interactive Reports
		13.7.1 HIDE
		13.7.2 READ LINE
		13.7.3 GET CURSOR
		13.7.4 DESCRIBE LIST
	13.8 Practice
	13.9 Summary
14  Selection Screens
	14.1 Defining Selection Screens
	14.2 Selection Screen Events
	14.3 Input Validations
	14.4 Selection Screen Variants
		14.4.1 Creating a Variant
		14.4.2 Variant Attributes
		14.4.3 Table Variables from Table TVARVC
		14.4.4 Dynamic Date Calculation
		14.4.5 Dynamic Time Calculation
		14.4.6 User-Specific Variables
	14.5 Executing Programs in the Background
	14.6 Displaying and Hiding Screen Elements Dynamically
	14.7 Calling Programs via Selection Screens
	14.8 Summary
15  SAP List Viewer Reports
	15.1 Standard ALV Reports Using the Reuse Library
		15.1.1 List and Grid Display: Simple Reports
		15.1.2 Block Display
		15.1.3 Hierarchical Sequential Display
	15.2 Interactive Reports
		15.2.1 Loading a Custom SAP GUI Status
		15.2.2 Reacting to User Actions
		15.2.3 Printing TOP-OF-PAGE
	15.3 ALV Reports Using the Control Framework
	15.4 ALV Object Model
		15.4.1 Table Display
		15.4.2 Hierarchical Display
		15.4.3 Tree Object Model
	15.5 Summary
16  Dynamic Programming
	16.1 Field Symbols
		16.1.1 Using Field Symbols to Make Programs Dynamic
		16.1.2 Defining Field Symbols
		16.1.3 Assigning a Data Object
		16.1.4 Checking If a Field Symbol Is Assigned
		16.1.5 Unassigning a Field Symbol
		16.1.6 Casting
	16.2 Data References
		16.2.1 Defining Reference Variables
		16.2.2 Getting Data References
		16.2.3 Anonymous Data Objects
		16.2.4 Assignment between Reference Variables
	16.3 Runtime Type Services
		16.3.1 Runtime Type Information
		16.3.2 Runtime Type Creation
	16.4 Dynamic Token Specification
	16.5 Dynamic Procedure Calls
	16.6 Dynamic Program Generation
	16.7 Summary
17  Debugging
	17.1 Classic Debugger
		17.1.1 Activating and Using the Classic Debugger
		17.1.2 Field View
		17.1.3 Table View
		17.1.4 Breakpoints View
		17.1.5 Watchpoints View
		17.1.6 Calls View
		17.1.7 Overview View
		17.1.8 Settings View
		17.1.9 Additional Features
	17.2 New Debugger
		17.2.1 User Interface and Tools
		17.2.2 Layout and Sessions
	17.3 ABAP Managed Database Procedures Debugger
	17.4 Using the Debugger to Troubleshoot
	17.5 Using the Debugger as a Learning Tool
	17.6 Summary
18  Forms
	18.1 SAP Scripts
		18.1.1 Overview and Layout
		18.1.2 Creating the Form Layout
		18.1.3 Maintaining Window Details
		18.1.4 Processing Forms with Function Modules
	18.2 Smart Forms
		18.2.1 Overview and Layout
		18.2.2 Maintaining the Global Settings
		18.2.3 Maintaining Elements
		18.2.4 Driver Program
	18.3 SAP Interactive Forms by Adobe
		18.3.1 Form Interface
		18.3.2 Form Context and Layout
		18.3.3 Driver Program
		18.3.4 Downloading the Form as a PDF
	18.4 Summary
19  Interfaces
	19.1 Batch Data Communication
		19.1.1 Direct Input
		19.1.2 Batch Input
	19.2 Business Application Programming Interfaces
		19.2.1 Business Object Types and Business Components
		19.2.2 BAPI Development via BAPI Explorer
		19.2.3 Standardized Business Application Programming Interfaces
		19.2.4 Standardized Parameters
		19.2.5 Implementing Business Application Programming Interfaces
	19.3 EDI/ALE/IDocs
		19.3.1 Electronic Data Interchange
		19.3.2 Application Link Enabling
		19.3.3 Intermediate Documents
		19.3.4 System Configurations
		19.3.5 Inbound/Outbound Programs
	19.4 Legacy System Migration Workbench
		19.4.1 Getting Started
		19.4.2 Migration Process Steps
	19.5 Web Services
		19.5.1 Creating a Web Service
		19.5.2 Consuming Web Services
	19.6 Open Data Protocol Services
		19.6.1 Data Model Definition
		19.6.2 Service Maintenance
		19.6.3 Service Implementation
		19.6.4 READ
	19.7 Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations
		19.7.1 Serialization
		19.7.2 Deserialization
	19.8 XML and JSON Data Representation
	19.9 WebSockets (ABAP Channels and Messages)
		19.9.1 Creating an ABAP Messaging Channel
		19.9.2 Creating a Producer Program
		19.9.3 Creating a Consumer Program
	19.10 Summary
20  Modifications and Enhancements
	20.1 Customization Overview
	20.2 Modification Overview
	20.3 Using the Modification Assistant
		20.3.1 Modifications to Programs
		20.3.2 Modifications to the Class Builder
		20.3.3 Modifications to the Screen Painter
		20.3.4 Modifications to the Menu Painter
		20.3.5 Modifications to the ABAP Data Dictionary
		20.3.6 Modifications to Function Modules
		20.3.7 Resetting to Original
	20.4 Using the Modification Browser
	20.5 Enhancements Overview
	20.6 User Exits
	20.7 Customer Exits
		20.7.1 Create a Customer Exit
		20.7.2 Function Module Exits
		20.7.3 Screen Exits
		20.7.4 Menu Exits
	20.8 Business Add-Ins
		20.8.1 Overview
		20.8.2 Defining a BAdI
		20.8.3 Implementing a Business Add-In
		20.8.4 Implementing a Fallback Class
		20.8.5 Calling a Business Add-In
	20.9 Enhancement Points
		20.9.1 Explicit Enhancements
		20.9.2 Implicit Enhancements
	20.10 Business Transaction Events
		20.10.1 Implementing a Business Transaction Event
		20.10.2 Testing a Custom Function Module
	20.11 Summary
21  Test and Analysis Tools
	21.1 Overview of Tools
	21.2 ABAP Unit
		21.2.1 Eliminating Dependencies
		21.2.2 Implementing Mock Objects
		21.2.3 Writing and Implementing Unit Tests
	21.3 Code Inspector
	21.4 Selectivity Analysis
	21.5 Process Analysis
	21.6 Memory Inspector
		21.6.1 Creating Memory Snapshots
		21.6.2 Comparing Memory Snapshots
	21.7 Table Call Statistics
	21.8 Performance Trace
		21.8.1 Activating and Filtering a Performance Trace
	21.9 ABAP Trace/Runtime Analysis
		21.9.1 Running ABAP Trace
		21.9.2 Analyzing the Results
	21.10 Single-Transaction Analysis
	21.11 Dump Analysis
	21.12 Summary
The Author
Index