Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry

Competitiveness of the U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry
 Copyright
 Abstract
 Preface
 Acknowledgments
 Contents
 Executive Summary
 TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETITIVENESS
 Industry
 Academe
 Government
 Bureau of Mines
 Government-Academic-Industrial Cooperation
 RECOMMENDED ACTIONS
 1 U.S. Minerals and Metals Industry in a Changing Global Context 
 WORLD MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY
 Globalization of Production and Ownership
 Changing Patterns of Supply and Demand
 Changing Corporate Structure of the Industry TRENDS IN THE U.S. INDUSTRYREVIVAL OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY
 Factors Leading to the Recovery
 Effects of the Recovery
 Outlook for the Industry
 REFERENCES
 2 Supply, Demand, and Competitiveness 
 OVERVIEW OF THE MINERALS AND METALS INDUSTRY
 TRENDS IN MINERAL AND METAL PRODUCTION
 Aluminum
 Steel
 Base Metals
 Copper
 Lead
 Zinc
 TRENDS IN METALS DEMAND
 Current Status of Materials Demand
 Near-Term Trends in Materials Consumption
 Trends in Industry Use of Materials COMPETITIVENESS OF THE U.S. INDUSTRYShifts in U.S. Competitiveness
 General Trends
 Competitiveness by Sector
 Comparative Advantages and Disadvantages of the U.S. Industry
 Technology and U.S. Comparative Advantage
 Data Analysis for Materials Planning
 3 Role of Science and Technology in Minerals and Metals Competitiveness Issues 
 BACKGROUND
 EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES
 Exploration Geology
 Mapping and Surveying
 Geophysics
 Geochemistry
 Drilling Technology
 Directions for Future R & D
 MINING TECHNOLOGIES Current Mining TechnologiesLimitations of Present Mining Technology
 The Case for New Technology
 Directions for Future R & D
 MINERAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
 Current Mineral Processing Technologies
 Directions for Future R & D
 METAL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES
 Recent Pyrometallurgical Process Developments
 Copper
 Nickel
 Zinc
 Lead
 Aluminum
 Precious Metals
 Recent Hydrometallurgical Process Developments
 Copper
 Nickel and Cobalt
 Zinc
 Lead
 Aluminum
 Precious Metals
 Directions for Future R & D RESEARCH AGENDAExploration
 Mining Technologies
 Minerals Processing
 Metals Extraction
 REFERENCES
 4 Resources for Research and Development 
 INDUSTRY RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 FEDERAL ROLE IN MINERALS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Research Resources
 ACADEMIC RESEARCH RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES
 Academic Capabilities
 Research Centers and Institutions
 ISSUES AFFECTING FUTURE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
 Industrial Issues
 Weaknesses and Limitations of Academic Research
 Bureau of Mines-Supported Programs